This Master’s thesis investigates the language of words and images in the work of Belgian poet and painter Henri Michaux (1899-1984) through the practice of translation. I have chosen to translate texts that serve as critical and poetic inquiries into the nature of verbal and visual representation. In the critical introduction preceding the translations, I analyze Michaux’s relationship to the languages of words and images in the selected works. The selected translations appear in two sections: “On Words and Images” and “Images in Words.” In the first, I translate selections from Michaux’s reflective works on the practice of painting and writing. These include the essay “En pensant au phénomène de la peinture,” first published in Peintures et dessins (1946) and selections from Émergences-résurgences (1972). In the second, I translate selections from works of ekphrastic poetry, including “Dessins commentés,” first published in La nuit remue (1935), “Aventures de lignes,” from Passages (1937-1963) (1950, 1963), Lecture par Henri Michaux de huit lithographies de Zao Wou-Ki (1950) and En rêvant à partir de peintures énigmatiques (1972). I propose that these texts reflect Michaux’s hybrid view of representation. They embody a search for an ideal language that is neither purely verbal nor visual, calling for both words and images.

Somehow Holier ruminates playfully on the problem of suffering and our responses to it. These poems take as their subjects theology, history, art, my wife's struggle with chronic migraines, and gardening. "Res Gestae Variorum," a crown of sonnets at the center of the book, recounts the lives of would-be Christian saints, like the third-century theologian Origen, whose penchant for suffering obstructed them on the path to holiness. In "Mater Misericordiae" I flip through a calendar filled with famous depictions of Mary while my wife consults with a doctor. These poems blend humor and pathos, striving at once to laugh in the face of pain and account for its awful cost. Throughout, I'm in conversation with the poets who've influenced my voice as a writer: Charles Wright, Phillip Larkin, and Seamus Heaney.

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Nuno Júdice est l’un des poètes portugais contemporains qui, tout au long de sa vie littéraire, a entretenu un rapport privilégié avec les arts. Le poète cherche, bien avant son premier recueil Noção do Poema (1972) et jusqu’à nos jours, à communiquer avec l’image peinte. Il instaure un subtil glissement entre poésie et peinture, mais aussi entre peinture et poésie. Il puise dans un univers de souvenirs indissociables du monde pictural. Ce dialogue fructueux et singulier avec la peinture nous permet d’observer comment l’ekphrasis devient un processus de transposition servant de base à une réflexion profonde sur le faire poétique. Notre recherche porte donc sur la relation ekphrastique qui se tisse dans toute l’oeuvre judicienne. Nous analysons, sous une approche thématique, les moyens que se donne le poète pour rapprocher la peinture du travail de l’écriture,en passant d’un atelier à l’autre. Nous partons de deux hypothèses : la première stipule que, pour Nuno Júdice, la peinture serait un moyen de relier les deux arts, permettant de récréer un autre tableau à partir des mots du poète. La seconde fait de la pratique de l’ekphrasis une possibilité de réveiller des souvenirs. En interrogeant le jeu intersémiotique et les analogies poésie-peinture, nous démontrons que paysage, lieu et corps s’articulent autour d’un seul et même principe. Peut-être s’agit-il, en dernière instance, de provoquer des sensations et de réinventer le monde ? / Nuno Júdice is one of Portugal's contemporary poets who has, during his entire literary career, held a privileged relationship with the arts. Even before his first published book, Noção do Poema(1972), the poet endeavored to communicate with the painted image. He establishes a subtle slippage between poetry and painting, but also between painting and poetry. He mines a universe of inseparable memories of the pictorial world. This singular and fecund dialogue with painting allows us to observe how ekphrasis becomes a process of transposition and a base for a profound reflection on the poetic 'how-to'. Our research thus concerns the ekphrastic relationships, which are woven through his whole work. We analyze, with a thematic approach, the means with which the poet brings painting to his writing in moving from one artist's studio to another. We start from two hypotheses: the first stipulates that for Nuno Júdice, painting is the means of linking the two arts, allowing the creation of an another painting from the poet's words; the second emphasizes that the practice of ekphrasis stimulates a possibility of retrieving memories. In our interrogation of the intersemiotic play and the poetry/painting analogies, we show that landscape, place and body articulate around one and the same principle. Is it perhaps, ultimately, about provoking feelings and reinventing the world?

Notre thèse se propose comme objectif la définition et l’étude du traitement de l’ekphrasis dans la fiction narrative française en prose entre 1585 et 1660. L’ekphrasis y est comprise dans le sens ancien et rhétorique d’un discours doté d’évidence (enargeia), mettant son objet devant les yeux du lecteur/auditeur. En s’appuyant sur une rigoureuse enquête philologique, le présent travail vise d’abord à définir l’origine rhétorique de la notion d’ekphrasis et de tracer sa complexe cartographie sémantique entre l’Antiquité et la première modernité. L’enquête s’efforce ensuite de montrer l’attitude – de docilité ou de rébellion – de l’ekphrasis romanesque par rapport aux préceptes antiques et contemporains, par la mise en lumière des singularités d’écriture qui différencient la pratique des romanciers. Enfin, l’étude s’attache à dégager les effets que l’ekphrasis et plus en général le discours évident, dont les sources mettent en lumière l’étroit lien avec les passions, sont censés susciter chez le lecteur. / The aim of this thesis is the definition and study of the treatment of ekphrasis in fictional prose narrative in French between 1585 and 1660. Ekphrasis is considered here in its ancient and rhetorical sense of a discourse having the quality of enargeia – that is, one that places its object before the eyes of the reader/listener.Based on a rigorous philological investigation, this paper aims first at defining the rhetorical origin of the concept of ekphrasis, and its complex semantic mapping between Antiquity and the early modern period.This research attempts then to shed light on the attitude (docility or rebellion) of fictional ekphrasis toward the ancient and contemporary precepts, by highlighting the singularities of writing that distinguish the practice of novelists.Finally, this study focuses on identifying the effects that ekphrasis, and more generally the figures of enargeia – of which the sources highlight the close link with the passions – are expected to arouse in the reader.