The final master’s thesis analyzes the individual elements of Security control workplace and solves their optimization with respect to the rulemaking side of things, and integration into the existing space layout with a vision of the increasing demand for transport. Solves the issue of electromagnetic interference elimination in the detection equipment and suggests possible solutions to overcome them. The work is primarily related to the Prague - Ruzyne airport.

Thesis (Master').

Nesta tese estudamos redes cooperativas em modo de operação Full-Duplex (FD). Para tanto, usamos conceitos de teoria da informação e da comunicação, além de estatística aplicada. Assim, fornecemos uma extensa análise de desempenho de sistemas cooperativos em modo FD. Além disso, demonstramos que a operação de relays em modo FD é possível, mesmo sofrendo intensos níveis de auto-interferência. Mostramos também sua aplicação em diversos cenários. Ademais, os resultados obtidos através deste trabalho servem como referência para o design e desenvolvimento de futuras tecnologias de comunicação sem-fio. Primeiramente, contribuímos com uma extensa revisão do estado da arte em comunicações em modo FD, especificamente relays FD, e além disto revisitamos as principais propriedades de esquemas de comunicação cooperativa. Analisamos de maneira extensiva o desempenho de esquemas com relays FD em ambientes com desvanecimento do tipo Rayleigh em termos probabilidade de falha de comunicação, vazão e eficiência energética. Além de todo arcabouço matemático introduzido nesta tese, também identificamos os casos em que sistemas cooperativos em mode Half-Duplex (HD) podem ser vantajosos comparados aos esquemas FD com auto-interferência. Assim, discutimos as relações de custo-benefício entre esquemas HD e FD e entre vazão e eficiência energética. A seguir, elaboramos o modelo estudado e estendemos os resultados iniciais para incorporar os casos com modelos mais gerais de desvanecimento, conhecidos como Nakagami-m. Estes resultados auxiliam na compreensão dos efeitos da auto-interferência residual e linha de visada em sistemas com relays FD. Por fim, contribuímos também com uma análise de desempenho de sistemas cooperativos seguros. Para tanto, usamos ferramentas da teoria da informação para aumentar a privacidade e confidencialidade da comunicação em canais sem-fio. Sendo assim, fornecemos um extenso arcabouço matemático para canais com desvanecimento composto. Além disto, demonstramos que, mesmo sofrendo forte auto-interferência, comunicação segura com relays FD pode também ser obtida, uma vez que segurança perfeita pode ser obtida. / In this thesis we study Full-Duplex (FD) cooperative networks from different perspectives, using concepts of information theory, communication theory and applied statistics. We provide a comprehensive performance analysis of cooperative communications systems operating with FD relays. We demonstrate that FD relaying is feasible even when experiencing strong self-interference, and we show its application under different scenarios. More importantly, the results attained through this work serve as a benchmark for design as well as deployment of current and future wireless communications technologies. Our first contribution is a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art on FD communications, more specifically on FD relaying, and we revisit some of the main properties of cooperative schemes. Another contribution comes from an extensive analysis of outage probability, throughput and energy efficiency of FD relaying over Rayleigh fading channels. Besides the mathematical framework introduced herein, we also show that in some cases cooperative Half-Duplex (HD) schemes achieve better performance than FD relaying with self-interference. Therefore, we draw a discussion on the trade-offs between HD and FD schemes as well as between throughput and energy efficiency. Then, we investigate the performance of FD relaying protocols under general fading settings, namely Nakagami-m fading. Our findings allow a better understanding of effects of the residual self-interference and line-of-sight on a FD relaying setup. Our final contribution lies on the performance analysis of secure cooperative networks relying on information theoretical metrics to provide enhanced privacy and confidentiality to wireless networks. Thus, we provide a comprehensive mathematical framework for composite fading channels. Even though experiencing strong self-interference, we demonstrate that FD relaying is feasible also under secrecy constraints, thus perfect secrecy can be achieved.

Avec les progrès technologiques réalisés au cours de ces dernières décennies, la complexité et les vitesses de fonctionnement des circuits intégrés ont beaucoup été augmentées. Bien que ces évolutions aient permis de diminuer les dimensions et les tensions d’alimentations des circuits, la compatibilité électromagnétique (CEM) des composants a fortement été dégradée. Identifiée comme étant un verrou technologique, la CEM est aujourd’hui l’une des principales causes de « re-design » des circuits car les problématiques liées aux mécanismes de génération et de couplage du bruit ne sont pas suffisamment étudiées lors de leur conception.Ce manuscrit présente donc une méthodologie visant à étudier la propagation du bruit à travers les circuits intégrés par mesures et par simulations. Afin d’améliorer nos connaissances sur la propagation d’interférences électromagnétiques (IEM) et les mécanismes de couplage à travers les circuits, nous avons conçu un véhicule de test développé dans la technologie SMOS8MV® 0,25 µm de Freescale Semiconductor. Dans ce circuit, plusieurs fonctions élémentaires telles qu’un bus d’E/S et des blocs numériques ont été implémentées. Des capteurs de tensions asynchrones ont également été intégrés sur différentes alimentations de la puce pour analyser la propagation des perturbations injectées sur les broches du composant (injection DPI) et sur les conducteurs permettant d’alimenter ce dernier (injection BCI). En outre, nous proposons différents outils pour faciliter la modélisation et les simulations d’immunité des circuits intégrés (extraction des modèles de PCB, approches de modélisation des systèmes d’injection, méthode innovante permettant de prédire et de corréler les niveaux de tension/ de puissance injectés lors de mesures d’immunité conduite, flot de modélisation). Chaque outil et méthode de modélisation proposés sont évalués sur différents cas test. Enfin, pour évaluer notre démarche de modélisation, nous l’appliquons sur un bloc numérique de notre véhicule de test et comparons les résultats de simulations aux différentes mesures internes et externes réalisées sur le circuit / With technological advances in recent decades, the complexity and operating speeds of integrated circuits have greatly increased. While these developments have reduced dimensions and supply voltages of circuits, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of components has been highly degraded. Identified as a technological lock, EMC is now one of the main causes of circuits re-designs because issues related to generating and coupling noise mechanisms are not sufficiently studied during their design. This manuscript introduces a methodology to study propagation of electromagnetic disturbances through integrated circuits by measurements and simulations. To improve our knowledge about propagation of electromagnetic interferences (EMI) and coupling mechanisms through integrated circuits, we designed a test vehicle developed in the SMOS8MV® 0.25µm technology from Freescale Semiconductor. In this circuit, several basic functions such as I/O bus and digital blocks have been implemented. Asynchronous on-chip voltage sensors have also been integrated on different supplies of the chip to analyze propagation of disturbances injected on supply pins and wires of the component (DPI and BCI injection). In addition, we propose various tools to facilitate modeling and simulations of Integrated Circuit’s immunity (PCB model extraction, injection systems modeling approaches, innovative method to predict and correlate levels of voltage / power injected during conducted immunity measurements, modeling flow). Each tool and modeling method proposed is evaluated on different test cases. To assess our modeling approach, we finally apply it on a digital block of our test vehicle and compare simulation results to various internal and external measurements performed on the circuit

Several sensor technologies have been developed and experimented over the last few decades to cater various needs of medical diagnostics. Among these, fiber optic sensors, in particular, Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) based sensors have attracted considerable attention due to their inherent advantages such electrical passiveness, immunity to Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI), chemical inertness, etc. The present research work focuses on design, development and validation of FBG sensor based devices for measurement of certain healthcare parameters in the context of foot function/gait cycle, cardiac and breathing activity, nostril dominance, hand grip/wrist angle force function, etc. The experimental work presented here emphasizes on the effectiveness and competitiveness of the FBG devices developed, in comparison with standard tools such as Accelerometer, Load cell, Electronic Stethoscope, Electromyogram and Dynamometer. In the field of human balance, stability and geriatrics, two independent FBG devices namely, Fiber Bragg Grating based Stability Assessment Device (FBGSAD) and Optical Sensor Ground Reaction Force measurement Platform (OSGRFP) have been designed, developed and experimented for postural stability assessment and gait analysis respectively. The result of these studies have significant implications in understanding of the mechanism of plantar strain distribution, identifying issues in gait cycles, detecting foot function discrepancies, identifying individuals who are susceptible to falls and to qualify subjects for balance and stability. In the field of ergonomic assessment, Fiber Braggs Grating based Hand Grip Device (FBGHGD) is designed and developed for the measurement of hand grip force which helps in the understanding of several important biomechanical aspects such as neuromuscular system function, overall upper-limb strength, vertebral fracture, skeletal muscle function, prediction of disability, incapacity, mortality and bone mass density (forearm, skeletal sites, spine, hip etc.). Further as an extension of this work, the FBGHGD is used for measurement of force generated by the wrist in different positions of the flexion and extension which relates to the wrist muscle activity and its enactment. In the field of cardiac activity monitoring, a novel, in-vivo, non-invasive and portable device named Fiber Bragg Grating based Heart Beat Device (FBGHBD) is developed for the simultaneous measurement of respiratory and cardiac activities. The work involves designing FBGHBD, validating its performance against traditional diagnostic systems like electronic stethoscope, exploration of its clinical relevance and the usage of FBGHBD in studies involving normal persons and patients with myocardial infarction. The unique design of FBGHBD provides critical information such as nascent morphology of cardiac and breathing activity, heart rate variability, heart beat rhythm, etc., which can assist in early clinical diagnosis of many conditions associated to heart and lung malfunctioning. Further, the scope of this work extends towards evaluating several signal processing algorithms and demonstrating a suitable signal processing architecture for real-time extraction of heart beat and respiratory rates along with its nascent morphologies for critical health care application. In the area of breath monitoring, a Nostril Pressure and Temperature Device (NPTD) is designed and developed which aims at simultaneous, accurate and real-time measurement of nostril air flow pressure and temperature to aid in clinical diagnosis of nasal dysfunction and associated nose disorders. The results of NPTD can offer certain vital features like breathing pattern, respiratory rate, changes in individual nostril temperature/pressure, nostrils dominance, body core temperature etc., which can assist in early clinical diagnosis of breathing problems associated with heart, brain and lung malfunctioning. Since the research work in this thesis involve experiments engaging human subjects, necessary approvals from the ethical committee is obtained before the experiments and required ethical procedures are followed during all the experimental trials.

Master’s thesis is focused on making the acquaintance of EMC issues and ways of electromagnetic field scanner RS321 utilization for pre-compliance measurements. First part contains analysis of available equipment’s influence on measurement results on the basis of gathered specification. Next part includes an example measurement used as operational manual for scanner and its controlling program. The most important part is correction evaluation for performed EMI measurement of signal generator using its EMC certification protocol and application of gained correction curve on independent EMI measurement of device tested by EMC testing laboratory. Other possibilities of scanner utilization are mentioned in the next chapters. Last part of the thesis contains suitability evaluation of EMC scanner on the basis of findings from performed measurements.