Kolfiber CF kan användas som positiv elektrod i strukturella batterier om de beläggs med ett aktivt material, såsom litiumjärnfosfat LFP. Fördelen med att använda kolfibrer som elektroder är att de samtidigt kan bära mekanisk belastning och lagra elektrisk energi. Det finns flera tekniker för att belägga kolfibrerna. I denna rapport kommer en jämförelse att göras av fibrer som belagts med elektroforetisk deponering, sprutbeläggning och pulverimpregnering. Elektrokemisk karakterisering kommer att avgöra och utvärdera prestandan hos dessa tre tekniker. Cellerna som monterades med sprutbeläggda och pulverimpregnerade prover visade de högsta kapaciteterna, 141 mAh/g vid C/10 respektive 139 mAh/g vid C/14. Vidare testning utfördes på de pulverimpregnerade proverna för att studera elektriska egenskaper och beteende, såsom elektrokemisk impedansspektroskopi EIS, cyklisk voltammetri CV och långtids-cykling. Svepelektronmikroskop SEM analys genomfördes för att observera ytmorfologin och förstå hur de elektrokemiska testerna kan påverka fibrernas yta. / Carbon Fibres (CF) can be used as the positive electrode in structural batteries if they are coated with an active material such as Lithium Iron Phosphate Oxide (LFP). The advantage of using carbon fibres as electrodes is that they simultaneously can carry the mechanical load and store electrical energy. There are several techniques to coat the carbon fibres. In this report, a comparison will be made on fibres coated using electrophoretic deposition, spray coating and powder impregnation. Electrochemical characterisation will determine and evaluate the performance of these three techniques. Cells assembled with spray-coated and powder-impregnated samples delivered the highest capacities, 141 mAh/g at C/10 and 139 mAh/g at C/14, respectively. Further testing was conducted on the powder-impregnated samples to study the electrical properties and behaviour, such as Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and long-term cycling. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis was performed to see the surface morphology and understand how electrochemical testing can affect the surface of the fibres.

With a great need for new and better cancer treatments, microwaves and gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are increasingly being suggested to be used in radiotherapy. In thisreport, the authors present an investigation of how human tissue,both malignant and healthy, behaves under microwave radiation.Specifically, the focus has been on gradual transitions between healthy and GNP-treated cancerous tissue inside a waveguide.Here, the electromagnetic material property of concern is therelative permittivity. The permittivities of human tissues andGNPs have been modelled using well known analytical models.Furthermore, numerical simulations have been performed usingCOMSOL Multiphysics and the results have been compared to analytical equations suggested to describe the energy absorption in the material. The study shows that the analytical equations are in agreement with the numerical simulations for lower propagating electromagnetic (EM) modes. Some possible electromagnetic resonance has been seen within the GNP treated cancer tissue. Furthermore, the extensive analytical models and numerical software tools created will be of importance for future research of the feasibility of this cancer treatment method. / Med ett stort behov av nya, bättre cancer-behandlingar föreslås mikrovågsstrålning och guldnanopartiklar (GNPs) att användas i strålterapi. I denna rapport presenterar författarna en undersökning av hur mänsklig vävnad beter sig under mikrovågsstrålning. Specifikt har fokus varit på gradvisa övergångar mellan frisk och GNP fylld cancervävnad i en vågledare. Här är den elektromagnetiska egenskapen av intresse den relativa permittiviteten. Permittiviteterna av mänsklig vävnad och GNPs har modellerats med välkända analytiska modeller. Vidare har numeriska simuleringar utförts i COMSOL Multiphysics och resultaten av dessa har jämförts med de analytiska ekvationerna som sägs beskriva absorbtion av energi inuti materialet. Undersökningen visar att de analytiska ekvationerna stämmer överens med de numeriska simuleringarna för lägre propagerande elektromagnetiska (EM) moder. Möjlig elektromagnetisk resonans har setts inom den GNP fyllda cancervävnaden. De omfattande analytiska modellerna och numeriska mjukvaruverktygen som tagits fram kommer vara viktiga för framtida forskning på denna cancerbehandling. / Kandidatexjobb i elektroteknik 2022, KTH, Stockholm

No description available.

No / The electrophoretic mobilities of three beta-blocker drug practolol, timolol and propranolol, have been measured in electrolyte systems with mixed binary and ternary water-methanol-ethanol solvents with acetic acid/sodium acetate as buffer using capillary electrophoresis. The highest mobilities for the analytes studied have been observed in pure aqueous. the lowest values in ethanolic buffers The measured electrophoretic mobilities have been used to evaluate the accuracy of a mathematical model based on a mixture response surface method that expresses the mobility as a function of the solvent composition. Mean percentage error (MPE) has been computed considering experimental and calculated mobilities as an accuracy criterion. The obtained MPE for practolol, timolol and propranolol in the binary mixtures are between 0.9 and 2.6%, in the ternary water-methanol-ethanol solvent system the MPE was about 2.7%. The MPE values resulting from the proposed equation lie within the experimental relative standard deviation values and can he considered as an acceptable error.

L’hydrolyse spontanée du NaBH4 en milieu aqueux est une réaction lente nécessitant l’emploi d’un catalyseur pour l’accélérer. Nous présentons ici l’élaboration de catalyseurs Co supporté sur αAl2O3 mis forme de films, plus appropriés pour des applications nécessitant un démarrage/arrêt à la demande de la génération d’H2. Les films sont déposés sur un substrat Cu par dépôt électrophorétique (DEP). Par ailleurs, des catalyseurs Co supporté sur différentes argiles naturelles (Kaolinite, Illite-A et Illite-B) en provenance du Liban ont été élaborés. Le Co a été déposé sur αAl2O3 par six voies différentes : 1. Imprégnation de Co sur film αAl2O3 ; 2. Précipitation de Co sur film αAl2O3; 3. Electrodéposition du Co sur film αAl2O3; 4. Codéposition du Co et de αAl2O3; 5. Codéposition de nanoparticules de Co et de αAl2O3 et 6. DEP de Co-αAl2O3. La voie 6 est la meilleure pour l’élaboration des films 1, 5, 10 et 15 mass.% Co-αAl2O3. Ces films (homogènes) et les catalyseurs Co-αAl2O3 ont été comparés pour leur réactivité et l’étude cinétique a donné des énergies apparentes d’activation identiques: 51.3 et 52.7 kJ mol-1, respectivement.Ensuite, des catalyseurs de 1, 5, 10 et 15 mass.% Co-argile ont été élaborés selon le même procédé que celui de Co-αAl2O3. Ces catalyseurs ont montré une réactivité pour l’hydrolyse du NaBH4, donnant notamment des énergies apparentes d’activation de 58.8, 51.5 et 58.1 kJ mol-1 pour 15 mass.% Co-Kaolinite, (Illite-A) et (Illite-B) respectivement. De plus, des films homogènes de 1, 5, 10 et 15 mass.% Co-Kaolinite ont été déposés avec succès sur Inox par DEP. Cette étude a montré le potentiel de ces argiles naturelles comme supports de catalyseur / NaBH4 hydrolysis reaction is slow in aqueous medium. Therefore, it can be accelerated by addition of a catalyst. In this work, catalytic films of Co supported over αAl2O3 have been synthesized since they are more convenient for applications requiring generation of H2 on demand. Co-αAl2O3 films were deposited on Cu plates by electrophoretic deposition method (EPD). Furthermore, catalysts of Co supported over different types of natural clay (Kaolinite, Illite-A and Illite-B) provided from Lebanon were also synthesized.Co was deposited over αAl2O3 following six routes: 1. αAl2O3 film impregnation; 2. Co precipitation over αAl2O3 film; 3. Co electrodeposition over αAl2O3 film; 4. Coelectrodeposition of Co from CoCl2 and αAl2O3; 5. Coelectrodeposition of Co nanoparticles and αAl2O3 and 6. EPD of Co-αAl2O3. Route 6 was found to be the best one for the fabrication of homogeneous films of 1, 5, 10 and 15 wt.% Co-αAl2O3. A comparative study on the reactivity of Co-αAl2O3 films and powder catalysts was done and the kinetic study gave similar values of the apparent activation energies: 51.3 and 52.7 kJ mol-1, respectively. Moreover, Co was supported over clay with the same method used for Co-αAl2O3. 1, 5, 10 and 15 wt.% Co-clay catalysts were tested for the hydrolysis reaction and the apparent activation energies obtained were as follows: 58.8, 51.5 and 58.1 kJ mol-1 for 15 wt.% Co-Kaolinite, (Illite-A) and (Illite-B) respectively. Homogeneous films of 1, 5, 10 and 15 wt.% Co-Kaolinite were successfully deposited over Inox substrate by EPD. It was concluded from this work that natural clays can be used as potential supports for Co catalysts in the hydrolysis of NaBH4

Ce travail a pour objet l’étude et le développement d’un capteur électrochimique pour la détection sélective quantitative des analytes biologiques à l’échelle nano. Il se divise en deux parties après une présentation de l’état de l’art sur les maladies nosocomiales et les capteurs électrochimiques. Tout d’abord, nous avons développé un protocole spécifique qui repose sur la fonctionnalisation localisée de la microélectrode de travail par dépôt électrophorétique d'oxyde de graphène réduit/polyéthylènimine (rGO/PEI) pour amplifier le signal de détection. Le microsystème réalisé en salle blanche, a été exploité avec succès pour la détection sélective de la dopamine avec une limite de détection de 50 nM.Ensuite, nous avons utilisé la même plateforme constituée d’électrodes de plus grande taille (mm) pour la réalisation d’un capteur immunologique. Il a démontré son efficacité, de manière spécifique et sélective, pour discriminer la souche sauvage E. Coli UTI89 de UTI89 Δfim (sans opéron), avec une limite de détection de 10 cfu mL−1. En outre, le concept d’utilisation d’une électrode modifiée par rGO/PEI par la modification covalente avec des anticorps pathogènes est général. Il peut être facilement adapté à toute autre espèce pathogène, rendant l’approche générique. Le capteur a donc abouti à des résultats intéressants en milieu aqueux, sérique et urinaire, ce qui est essentiel pour son utilisation potentielle pour le diagnostic clinique des maladies pathogènes. / The purpose of this work concerns the study and development of an electrochemical sensor for both quantitative and selective detection of biological analytes at the nanoscale. It is divided into two parts after a presentation of the state of the art on nosocomial diseases and electrochemical sensors. First, we have developed a specific protocol based on the localized functionalization of the working microelectrode by electrophoretic deposition. The strategy is based on the localizedfunctionalization of the working microelectrode by electrophoretic deposition of reduced graphène oxide / polyethyleneimine (rGO / PEI) to amplify the detection signal. The microsystem built in a clean room has been successfully tested for the selective detection of dopamine with a detection limit of 50 nM. In addition, the microsystem showed good performance in detecting dopamine levels.Then, we have also used the same electrode platform at a larger scale (mm) for the specific and selective detection of the immunological sensor which has demonstrated its effectiveness in distinguishing the UTI89 E. Coli wild-type strain of UTI89 Δfim (without operon), with a detection limit of 10. cfu mL-1. In addition, the concept of rGO / PEI modified electrode by covalent modification with pathogenic antibodies is general and can be easily transposed to any other pathogenic species, making the approach very versatile and generic.The sensor works in aqueous, serum and urinary media, which is essential for its potential use in clinical diagnosis of pathogenic diseases.

This study was conducted to determine how the structure and surface chemistry of bulk CaCO3 differs from that of nanometer-sized CaCO3 and then to determine rate, extent and mechanisms of As adsorption on various synthetic CaCO3 materials. Additionally, we sought to devise a chemical CaCO3 precipitate that approximates biogenic CaCO3. The bulk CaCO3 precipitation was performed by using a solution that was highly oversaturated so that large CaCO3 precipitates rapidly form. Two different methods were employed for the synthesis of nanometer size CaCO3 i) an in situ deposition technique and ii) an interfacial reaction (water in oil emulsion). Mineral characterization of all CaCO3 precipitates was done with Nitrogen Porosimetry (Brunauer Emmett Teller method), particle size analysis, X-ray diffraction and Fourier Transform Infrared/ Fourier Transform Raman spectroscopy. The principal objective of the research was to assess the overall reactivity of As(III) and As(V) with different synthetic CaCO3 minerals. This was accomplished by i) running adsorption isotherms (varying As concentration), ii) measuring pH envelopes (varying pH at a fixed concentration) and iii) kinetic experiments (varying reaction time). Also, electrophoretic mobility experiments were performed in the presence of As(III) and As(V), and these studies revealed that As(III) forms stronger inner-sphere complexes with CaCO3 than As(V). Also, it was found that nanometer-sized CaCO3 prepared via deposition formed stronger inner-sphere complexes with As oxyanions (q = 5.26 µmol/m2) compared to either nano-sized CaCO3 from interfacial reactions (q = 4.51 µmol/m2) or bulk CaCO3 (q = 4.39 µmol/m2).<p> The PEG-based nano CaCO3 prepared by an in-situ deposition technique presents a novel and readily available synthesis route that can be used as proxy for the biogenic CaCO3 known to be present in many different environmental conditions. The results of this study suggest that CaCO3 can be used as a sorbent for As in groundwater.

This study was conducted to determine how the structure and surface chemistry of bulk CaCO3 differs from that of nanometer-sized CaCO3 and then to determine rate, extent and mechanisms of As adsorption on various synthetic CaCO3 materials. Additionally, we sought to devise a chemical CaCO3 precipitate that approximates biogenic CaCO3. The bulk CaCO3 precipitation was performed by using a solution that was highly oversaturated so that large CaCO3 precipitates rapidly form. Two different methods were employed for the synthesis of nanometer size CaCO3 i) an in situ deposition technique and ii) an interfacial reaction (water in oil emulsion). Mineral characterization of all CaCO3 precipitates was done with Nitrogen Porosimetry (Brunauer Emmett Teller method), particle size analysis, X-ray diffraction and Fourier Transform Infrared/ Fourier Transform Raman spectroscopy. The principal objective of the research was to assess the overall reactivity of As(III) and As(V) with different synthetic CaCO3 minerals. This was accomplished by i) running adsorption isotherms (varying As concentration), ii) measuring pH envelopes (varying pH at a fixed concentration) and iii) kinetic experiments (varying reaction time). Also, electrophoretic mobility experiments were performed in the presence of As(III) and As(V), and these studies revealed that As(III) forms stronger inner-sphere complexes with CaCO3 than As(V). Also, it was found that nanometer-sized CaCO3 prepared via deposition formed stronger inner-sphere complexes with As oxyanions (q = 5.26 µmol/m2) compared to either nano-sized CaCO3 from interfacial reactions (q = 4.51 µmol/m2) or bulk CaCO3 (q = 4.39 µmol/m2).<p> The PEG-based nano CaCO3 prepared by an in-situ deposition technique presents a novel and readily available synthesis route that can be used as proxy for the biogenic CaCO3 known to be present in many different environmental conditions. The results of this study suggest that CaCO3 can be used as a sorbent for As in groundwater.

Dans cette thèse, des travaux de recherche ont été menés pour immobiliser différentes enzymes (oxydases et déshydrogénases) au sein d'une matrice de silice dans le but de construire un biocapteur ampérométrique. Des matériaux nanostructurés ont ensuite été introduit dans ce système afin d'améliorer les caractéristiques analytiques de ces biocapteurs. La méthode de dépôt sol-gel par assistance électrochimique a été choisie pour l'immobilisation des enzymes à la surface des électrodes et des nanomatériaux car elle donne la possibilité de contrôler finement l'épaisseur du film déposé afin de couvrir individuellement ces objets. La faisabilité de cette approche a été montrée par la modification de nanofibres de platine présentant une grande surface active pour l'oxydation de H2O2 produit en présence de biocomposite silice-glucose oxidase. Le dépôt sol-gel électrochimiquement assisté permet également la modification d'électrodes imprimées en or par un biocomposite silice-choline oxidase, ce qui donne la possibilité de construire rapidement un biocapteur à choline présentant de très bonnes caractéristiques analytiques. Les nanotubes de carbone ont également été choisis comme matrice pour l'immobilisation de déshydrogénases car ils permettent d'obtenir une grande aire spécifique et des propriétés catalytiques intéressantes pour l'oxydation du co-facteur enzymatique NADH. La méthode de dépôt électrophorétique a été utilisée pour créer des couches de nanotubes poreuses ayant une épaisseur contrôlée à la surface d'un support de carbone vitreux. Les électrodes ainsi préparées présentent de bonne performances électrochimiques, permettant notamment de déplacer le potentiel d'oxydation de NADH et d'augmenter la sensibilité de détection. Un biocomposite silice-sorbitol déshydrogénase a ensuite été déposé à la surface de la couche de nanotubes de carbone en utilisant la méthode de dépôt sol-gel assisté par électrochimie pour construire un biocapteur à sorbitol. La méthode de dépôt électrophorétique a enfin été appliquée pour la première fois à l'élaboration d'assemblages de nanotubes de carbone macroporeux. De tells assemblages ont été utilisés comme support pour co-immobiliser la sorbitol déshydrogénase et le co-facteur enzymatique au sein des macropores, ce qui a permis d'augmenter la sensibilité de la détection du sorbitol par comparaison avec un assemblage de nanotubes de carbone non macroporeux / In this thesis, the research work was focused on the immobilization of different enzymes (oxidases and dehydrogenases) into biocomposite silica matrix with the aim of amperometric biosensors construction. Then, the structured nanomaterials were introduced in the system in order to improve the characteristics of biosensors. The method of electrochemically-assisted deposition was chosen for the immobilization of enzymes on the surface of nanomaterials as it provides possibility of fine tuning of film thickness allowing covering each individual nanoobject. The feasibility of this was shown while modifying the platinum nanofibers, which demonstrate high electroactive surface and H2O2 oxidation rate, with silica-glucose oxidase biocomposite. The electrochemically-assisted deposition also allows the express modification of gold screen-printed electrodes with silica-choline oxidase biocomposite making possible the quick fabrication of cheap choline biosensors with high analytical characteristics. The carbon nanotubes was chosen as matrix for the immobilization of dehydrogenases as they have high surface area and electrocatalytic properties towards the oxidation of enzymatic co-factor NADH. The method of electrophoretic deposition was used for the creation of porous CNT-layer with controllable thickness on the surface of glassy carbon electrode. Created thereby matrix demonstrated good electrochemical performance significantly shifting the potential and increasing sensitivity of NADH oxidation. Then the biocomposite silica-sorbitol dehydrogenase film was deposited on the CNT-layer by means of electrochemically-assisted deposition for the construction of high-performance sorbitol biosensor. The method of electrophoretic deposition was also applied for the first time for the construction of thick macroporous CNT-assemblies with uniform pore size using template approach. Such macroporous CNT-electrode was used for the co-immobilization of sorbitol dehydrogenase and enzymatic co-factor inside the pores demonstrating higher sensitivity of sorbitol detection in comparison with nonporous CNT-electrode

The aim of the diploma thesis is to characterize the adsorption properties of probiotic bacteria. Characterization was performed using of designed and optimized spectrophotometric method of determination of adhesion of probiotic bacteria to mucin as the main viscoelastic component of mucus. In order to provide a more detailed description of the adhesion interactions involved in the adhesion of probiotic bacteria to mucin, the viability of selected probiotic bacterial strains Lactobacillus rhamnosus CCM 1825, Lactobacillus plantarum CCM 7039, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CCM 7190, Lactobacillus acidophilus CCM 4833, Lactobacillus casei CCM 4798, Bifidobacterium breve CCM 7825, Bacillus coagulans CCM 2658 and a potential probiotic strain of Lactobacillus zeae CCM 7069. Moreover, bacterial adhesion to carbohydrates was also determined for all the bacteria tested. The last proposed and optimized technique was dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering characterizing surface properties such as -potential, average size distribution and isoelectric point. From this method, information was obtained on aggregation of bacterial cells and on electrostatic interactions. The combination of these methods was used as a complex tool to characterize adhesion of the tested bacterial cultures as a very specific, sensitive and key parameter of a successful probiotic microorganism that is influence by the multiple effects.