Using modern methods of share quotations forecasting is the main goal of this thesis. The special accent is placed on forecasting the trend by means of artificial neural network especially on the optimalization of variables in the training process. Elliot's wave theory is applied in the second part of the thesis, particularly on prediction of future share quotation progress. Buying or selling signal generated by these two methods is consequently compared with ex-post signal yielding a profit. Lastly, successfulness of using these methods for forecasting at stock market is evaluated.

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This study, Social commitment in some Zulu literary works published during the apartheid era, was motivated by what was perceived as arrogant and superficial observations by a number of especially foreign-based critics, that all the literature in South Africa African-languages published during the apartheid period was children stuff, not worth the paper it was written on, and that it did not show any effort at commitment to, or at reflecting on the weighty social problems that civil society in South Africa had to bear. In response to such criticism, the study highlights aspects of social commitment in selected literary works, and it also sketches the committed approach as part of the African literary outlook. It traces commitment in oral traditional literature, where it appears that the great preoccupation of the oral society was that none of the achievements of the human spirit get lost. The proverbs clearly reflect on, and offer directives for, day-to-day problems, while myths represent reflections on the fate of man and the world. Folktales use common problems in life and family as the basis for the conflictual situations to be resolved. Izibongo (praise poems) declaim the heroic deeds of our leaders, trace our history, and demonstrate that, even in moments of glory, the needs of the people must be taken care of on pain of being negatively labelled with invectives that will reverberate through the centuries. In a brief survey on the early 20th century stages of South African literature in African languages (Zulu, Xhosa, S. Sotho) it was noted that our pioneer writers made a gigantic effort to experiment with genres, forms and contents, and, in the process, to reflect on the anxieties caused by the often bewildering encounter of Mrica with the west. Our early writers excel in creating poetry that amalgamates tradition and modernization, but in the narrative genres they seem to be able to be more genial and creative when they deal with historical material, possibly because they feel more at home with an inspiration that imitates the glorious praise poetry and are thus able to deal with the present in terms of past events, without upsetting critics or education authorities. Then the decades of the expected maturity arrived -from the 1960s to the 1990s, but the seeds of vibrant originality sown during the previous period were cruelly trampled over and squashed, possibly by both the apartheid-appointed censors and by the fear that they would object to any 'committed' writing and destine it for the dustbin. Fear, self-imposed censorship, and possibly more than a little laziness hampered vigorous developments of literatures that had appeared very promising at their emergence. Listed here are a number of works in Xhosa, Southern Sotho, Zulu and Shona. The contributions of English and Afrikaans works to South African literary development are also outlined. The fact that most works were meant for schools caused a further restraint on originality and creativity, although it should have spurred the authors on to do their very best, because through the schools they were moulding the future of the nation. But a number of authors were valiantly able to overcome the general self-defeating frustrations and to rise to the challenge of producing excellent material, outstanding in both form and content. Some such works are examined and exemplified in the thesis. One of I.S. Kubheka's novels, Ulaka LwabaNguni, is analysed to show the depth of the conflict between Africa and the west, between country and city life, between western schooled and traditionally educated people. The new ways could become a monster that swallows everything and everybody, specially if one is unable to keep the animal on the chain of ubuntu that allows only as much westernization of the mind as can go hand in hand with the greatest traditional values. Then follows the analysis of three historically based plays and one novel. History offers the opportunity of speaking about the present by describing the past. Msimang and Zondi do exactly this, and offer visions of today's social problems that become clearer when placed on the lips of people such as Mkabayi, Shaka, Cetshwayo, Bhambatha. Each of these works is a clarion call to wake up and be counted, because the new Africa is rising, both soulful and promising, full of expectations if one is able to overcome present day restrictions. The author of this research fervently hopes that this work will produce better understanding among the South African races, and give birth to an era of multilingualism and multiculturalism, where the differences are treatgd115 gifts rather than obstacles. The country is great, and its populations present an extraordinary wealth of life and experience, especially when all is viewed through the prism of the colours of the rainbow, generously reflected in the new South African flag. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2002.

Thesis (MPhil (Informations Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Karl E. Weick’s Theory of Organizational Sensemaking and Elliot Jaques’ Stratified Systems Theory are not often deemed to be complimentary. The generally accepted view is that these two positions represent two poles on a spectrum of organization theory. The thesis attempts to bring these two theories in conversation with one another and argues that organizational sensemaking is enriched in a requisitely structured organization. The essence of stratified systems theory is that all humans have an inherent cognitive potential level of coping with complexity. As people mature they gain the potential to handle the next level complexity jobs. Similarly, jobs have a certain span within which they can or should be successfully mastered. In organizations one can then identify different strata, according to job complexity. A requisitely structured organization uses strata to create a managerial hierarchy. Jaques argues that a hierarchy is not repressive if applied requisitely as people will naturally be drawn to jobs in the strata where they are most effective. Sensemaking on the other hand, is the cognitive ability to impose frames on ongoing flows and so make the world sensible. Normally it is an automatic process, but in organizations the sense made is often fragile and under threat. Sensemaking and management are two mutually interacting activities that influence each other constantly. The type of frame imposed on an object, the interpretation given to events, the plausibility of explanations forwarded and the contextualization of circumstances is dependent on one’s applied cognitive capabilities. It is argued that if there are no discontinuites in cognitive capabilities and if the organization is requisitely structured then sensemaking is enhanced. This argument serves as the bridge between Sensemaking Theory and Stratified Systems Theory. Other links are in pertinent properties that are common to both theories, for example, requisite variety, trust, meetings and leadership, which are fundamental requirements in both theories. While the theories are complementary, there remain some gray areas and some others of contention and these are considered towards the end. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Karl Weick se Teorie oor Organisatoriese Singewing en Elliot Jaques se Stratifiseerde Sisteemteorie word nie gewoonlik as komplimentêr gesien nie. Die algemeen aanvaarde siening is dat die twee teorieë eintlik pole aan weerskante van ‘n teoretiese spektrum is. Die tesis probeer om die twee teorieë met mekaar in gesprek te bring en argumenteer dat organisatoriese singewing in ‘n genoegsaam gestruktureerde organisasie verryk word. Die kern van Stratifiseerde Sisteemteorie is dat alle mense ‘n inherente kognitiewe potensiaal vir kompleksiteitshantering het. Soos mense natuurlik verouder kan hulle potensiaal vergroot word en kan hulle ‘n volgende vlak van kompleksiteit hanteer. In organisasies beteken dit dat verskillende rolle in organisasies verskillende tydsperiodes vereis waarbinne dit suksesvol bemeester kan of behoort te word. In organisasies kan verskillende vlakke op hierdie manier geïdentifiseer word. Volgens Jaques gebruik ‘n genoegsaam gestruktureerde organisasie hierdie vlakke om ‘n hierargiese bestuurstruktuur daar te stel waarmee mense aangewend word op die vlakke waar hulle die effektiefste sal wees. Singewing daarteenoor, is die kognitiewe vermoë om raamwerke op deurlopende vloeie af te dwing. Normaalweg is dit ‘n outomatiese proses, maar in organisasies word singewing dikwels bedreig. Singewing en bestuur is twee aktiwiteite wat mekaar deurlopend beïnvloed. Die soort raam wat op die vloei afgedwing word, die interpretasie van gebeure, die geloofwaardigheid van verduidelikings en die kontekstualisering van omstandighede hang saam met mens se kognitiewe vermoëns. Daar word geargumenteer dat die afwesigheid van diskontinuïteite in kognitiewe vermoëns is en ‘n genoegsaam gestruktureerde organisasie singewing sal bevorder. Op hierdie manier word ‘n brug geslaan tussen Singewingsteorie en Stratifiseerde Sisteemteorie. In die proses word eienskappe wat sentraal staan vir beide teorieë, soos vereiste varieteit, belang van vergaderings, vertroue en leierskap, uitgelig as gedeelde eienskappe tussen die twee toerieë. Laastens word die grys areas en besware bekyk en waar die grense van komplimentariteit tussen die twee teorieë lê.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T14:44:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1401888 bytes, checksum: b42ad9ebc33bc9b9e8aa504e4476c14e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work deepens the discussion in the Technical Analysis field, aligning it premises to the theoretical framework of Behavioral Finance. In this purpose, this paper aimed to make, for the period between the years of 2007 and 2008, an empirical study of the brazilian stock market in the light of Technical Analysis and Behavioral Finance, as well as verifying the performance of technical index as auxiliary instrument for the decision taking. This way, the work is divided in two parts. In the first part, adopting the complementarity hypothesis of behavioral-technique approach in the process of analysis and taking of decision in the stock market, is aimed to establish a relation between Technical Analysis (Dow Theory and Elliott Waves Theory) and Behavioral Finance assumptions in the interpretation of the subprime crisis in the Brazilian stock market, through a documentary research with referring information of the years 2007 and 2008, crisis development period. The results had evidenced the utility of these theories, not only for the analysis of the subprime crisis consequences, as, also, for the examination of financial market agent s behavior in a historical perspective of larger reach. In the second part, adopting the hypothesis that the technical index are capable to assist the investors in the process of decision taking, had been refined the performances of the Exponential Moving Average, Moving Average Convergence/Divergence, Relative Force Index, Stochastic and Directional System, using as base, Brazilian s stock market data referring to the year of 2007. The research results demonstrated that the Assertiveness (A) of the purchase signals is superior to the Assertiveness (A) of the sales signals the results had demonstrated as well, the uselessness of Directional System (DS) as beeper of the market s predominant trend. / Este trabalho aprofunda a discussão no campo de estudos da Análise Técnica, alinhando suas premissas ao arcabouço teórico das Finanças Comportamentais. Neste intuito buscou-se realizar, para o período compreendido entre os anos de 2007 e 2008, um estudo empírico do mercado brasileiro de ações à luz da Análise Técnica e das Finanças Comportamentais, bem como verificar o desempenho de indicadores técnicos como instrumento auxiliar para a tomada de decisão. Desta forma, o trabalho encontra-se dividido em duas partes. Na primeira parte, adotando a hipótese de complementaridade das abordagens técnica-comportamental no processo de análise e tomada de decisão no mercado de ações, busca-se estabelecer uma relação entre os pressupostos da Análise Técnica (Teoria Dow e Teoria da Ondas de Elliott) e das Finanças Comportamentais na interpretação da crise subprime no mercado de ações brasileiro, através de uma pesquisa documental com informações referentes aos anos de 2007 e 2008, período de desenvolvimento da crise. Os resultados evidenciaram a utilidade destas teorias, não só para a análise dos reflexos da crise subprime, como, também, para o exame do comportamento dos agentes do mercado financeiro numa perspectiva histórica de maior alcance. Na segunda parte, adotando a hipótese de que os indicadores técnicos são capazes de auxiliar os investidores no processo de tomada de decisão, foram apurados os desempenhos dos indicadores Média Móvel Exponencial, Convergência/Divergência da Média Móvel, Índice de Força Relativa, Estocástico e Sistema Direcional, tomando como base dados do mercado de ações brasileiro referentes ao ano de 2007. Os resultados encontrados demonstraram que a Assertividade (A) dos sinais de compra é superior à Assertividade (A) dos sinais de venda, bem como apontaram a inutilidade do Sistema Direcional (SD) enquanto sinalizador da tendência predominante do mercado.

In the domain of music education philosophy there are, at present, two foundational systems that purport to be self-contained philosophies of music education. These are music education as aesthetic education, often referred to as MEAE, espoused by Bennett Reimer, and the praxial philosophy of music education posited by David Elliott. The debate between these two philosophies has been contentious and has had the effect of fracturing the philosophical underpinning of the music profession in an irreconcilable way. It is the purpose of this dissertation to introduce a third voice, that of the Danish philosopher Knut Løgstrup, to serve as a synergy between the philosophies of Reimer and Elliott and lead toward a framework of thinking for music education philosophy. I assert that the philosophies of Reimer and Elliott represent a modern articulation of an ancient dialectic between Platonic and Aristotelian ideals. Thus, the Reimer philosophy has its foundation in Platonic thought and Elliott has embraced an Aristotelian philosophical perspective. Løgstrup's position provides a third fundamental viewpoint that includes both Platonic and Aristotelian thinking and can therefore provide a synergy for these two music education philosophies. He refers to his philosophy as an ontological ethics. As a methodological approach, I utilize a metaphilosophical analysis in which I examine the Platonic tendencies of Reimer and the Aristotelian foundation of Elliott by examining both the content and the methodology of their prospective philosophies. I then make an application of Løgstrup's philosophical system, which is an ethical system, to music education philosophy and bring the most important aspects of Reimer's and Elliott's philosophies into a synergy using Løgstrup's ideas.

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Some fields come and go, but there will always be a need for older generations to teach the younger generations. For this reason, teachers will always be needed. The material that they choose to teach can sometimes determine the outcome of a nation. Take a look into German and Roman histories; they are littered with teachers convincing students that their way is right. I think that it is imperative that we research the full potential of what we are teaching our students. For that reason, my thesis will consist of analyzing and synthesizing the research of Feldman, Sternberg, Gardner and Eisner, gathering information on their works and applying them to art education. I will apply my findings to the modern day secondary art classroom; whether it is classroom design or visual handouts, I will use the knowledge gathered to better equip the room to the advancement of multiple intelligences in hopes of inspiring my future students to be creative and lifetime learners.

波浪理論是由 Nalph Nelson Elliott在1938年所發表的價格趨勢分析工具，它也是近年來技術分析界運用相當廣泛的一種工具。艾略特認為：「不管是股票或是任何商品價格的波動，都與大自然潮汐一樣，具有一種相當程度的規律性。」。其實這個原理和產業周期循環也很接近，運用於越多人參與的市場會越準確，因為人性也是一種大自然的現象。 台灣加權股價指數是以民國55年為基期100來編製，本文雖由民國55年談起，但由於資料繁多，故集中採用民國76年1月至民國95年12月的二十年資料做為資料收集期間，以艾略特波浪理論的原則找出在台灣股市的應用規則，進而推演出未來的走勢。 / Wave Principle is a trend analysis method that was developed by Nalph Elliott in 1938. Today, the principle is one of the most widely adopted methods for technical analysis in finance. Elliott discovered that the ever-changing path of stock market prices reveals a structural design that in turn reflects a basic harmony found in nature. In fact this principle is also similar to industry cycle. When this principle is utilized in a market, especially when a lot of people participate in this market, the principle will be rather accurate, because humanity is also a natural phenomenon. The Taiwan Weighted Stock Index was at 100 in 1966, the base period. Although the discussion in this paper starts from 1966, due to the abundance of the data, I decide to focus my research on the recent twenty years. The purpose of this study is to identify the usability of Eilliott’s Wave Principle by applying it in Taiwan’s stock market and to figure out the trend for the future.