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In this thesis, we examine how Emergent Configurations are formed to manageThings and People for the purpose of achieving the user’s goal of repairing a coffeemachine in the dynamic environment of a smart office. We develop an architecturein the form of requirement and design artifacts as well as a realization of the GoalManager component in the Emergent Configuration Manager which is responsiblefor the forming of Emergent Configurations, using the novel Emergent ConfigurationIoT system engineering approach. To demonstrate the capability of the realizationwe developed multiple case scenarios which correspond to the context dynamicity ofa smart office environment. The results of this study introduce an architecture forthe Goal Manager component and demonstrate that the novel engineering approach,Emergent Configuration, is a feasible way of managing IoT systems in the smart officecategory.

Tesis por compendio / This PhD thesis is submitted as a \emph{compendium} of the articles \cite{NS, holographic, topological}. The following has been adapted from their abstracts. Quantum mechanics has been argued to be a coarse--graining of some underlying deterministic theory. Here we support this view by establishing mappings between non-relativistic quantum mechanics and thermodynamic theories, since the latter are the paradigm of an emergent theory. First, we map certain solutions of the Schroedinger equation to solutions of the irrotational Navier--Stokes equation for viscous fluid flow. Although this is formally a generalization of Madelung's hydrodynamical interpretation, the presence of a viscous term leads to a novel interpretation. As a physical model for the fluid itself we propose the quantum probability fluid. It turns out that the (state--dependent) viscosity of this fluid is proportional to Planck's constant, while the volume density of entropy is proportional to Boltzmann's constant. Stationary states have zero viscosity and a vanishing time rate of entropy density. On the other hand, the nonzero viscosity of nonstationary states provides an information--loss mechanism whereby a deterministic theory (a classical fluid governed by the Navier--Stokes equation) gives rise to an emergent theory (a quantum particle governed by the Schroedinger equation). Then, we present a map of standard quantum mechanics onto classical thermodynamics of irreversible processes. In particular, the propagators of the quantum harmonic oscillator are mapped to the conditional probabilities that solve the Chapman-Kolmogorov equation for Markovian Gaussian processes. While no gravity is present in our construction, our map exhibits features that are reminiscent of the holographic principle of quantum gravity. Finally, the classical thermostatics of equilibrium processes is shown to possess a quantum mechanical dual theory with a finite dimensional Hilbert space of quantum states. Specifically, the kernel of a certain Hamiltonian operator becomes the Hilbert space of quasistatic quantum mechanics. The relation of thermostatics to topological field theory is also discussed in the context of the approach of emergence of quantum theory, where the concept of entropy plays a key role. / La presente tesis doctoral se presenta como compendio de las publicaciones \cite{NS, holographic, topological}. El siguiente resumen es una adaptación de sus resumenes. Se ha argumentado que la mecánica cuántica podría emerger como promediado de una teoría determinista subyacente. Se apoya dicha visión estableciendo mapeos entre la mecánica cuántica no relativista y teorías termodinámicas, ya que estas constituyen el paradigma de teoría emergente. Primero, se establece un mapeo entre soluciones de la ecuación de Schroedinger y soluciones de la ecuación de Navier-Stokes irrotacional para fluidos viscosos. Aunque formalmente se trate de una generalización de la interpretación hidrodinámica de Madelung, la presencia del término viscoso sugiere una nueva interpretación. Se propone la probabilidad cuántica como modelo físico del fluido. Se obtiene que la viscosidad (dependiente del estado) es proporcional a la constante de Planck, mientras que la densidad de entropía es proporcional a la constante de Boltzmann. Los estados estacionarios tienen viscosidad y tasa de producción de densidad de entropía nulas. Por otro lado, la viscosidad no nula de los estados no estacionarios proporciona un mecanismo de pérdida de información por el cual una teoría determinista (un fluido clásico gobernado por la ec. de Navier-Stokes) da lugar a una teoría emergente (una partícula cuántica gobernada por la ec. de Schroedinger). Después, se presenta un mapeo entre la mecánica cuántica y la termodinámica clásica de procesos irreversibles. En particular, los propagadores del oscilador armónico cuántico se mapean a las probabilidades condicionales que resuelven la ecuación de Chapman-Kolmogorov para procesos de Markov Gaussianos. Aunque no hay gravedad, el mapeo exhibe propiedades que recuerdan al principio holográfico de la gravedad cuántica. Finalmente, se muestra cómo la termoestática clásica de procesos de equilibrio posee una teoría cuántica dual con un espacio de Hilbert finito - dimensional de estados cuánticos. Concretamente, el núcleo de cierto operador Hamiltoniano se convierte en el espacio de Hilbert de una mecánica cuántica cuasiestática. La relación de la termoestática a la teoría topológica de campos se discute en el contexto de la mecánica cuántica emergente, donde el concepto de entropía juega un papel clave. / Aquesta tesi doctoral es presenta com a compilació de les publicacions \cite{NS, holographic, topological}. El següent resum es una adaptació dels seus resums. S'ha argumentat que la mecànica quàntica podria emergir com a granulat gros d'una teoria determinista subjacent. Es dóna suport a aquesta visió mitjaçant uns mapes entre la mecànica quàntica no relativista i teories termodinàmiques, ja que les darreres són el paradigma de teoria emergent. Primer, s'estableix un mapa entre certes solucions de l'equació de Schroedinger i solucions de l'equació de Navier-Stokes irrotacional per a fluids viscosos. Tot i que formalment es tracte d'una generalització de la interpretació hidrodinàmica de Madelung, la presència del terme viscós ens porta a una nova interpretación. Es proposa la probabilitat quàntica com a model físic del fluid. S'obté que la viscositat del fluid (que depén de l'estat) es proporcional a la constant de Planck, mentre que la densitat d'entropía es proporcional a la constant de Boltzmann. Els estats estacionaris tenen viscositat nul·la i taxa de producció d'entropia nul·la. Per alta banda, la viscositat no nul·la dels estats estacionaris proporciona un mecanisme de pèrdua d'informació pel qual una teoria determinista (un fluid clàssic governat per l'equació de Navier-Stokes) dóna lloc a una teoria emergent (una partícula quàntica governada per l'equació de Schroedinger). Després, es presenta un mapa entre la mecànica quàntica i la termodinàmica clàssica de processos irreversibles. En particular, els propagadors de l'oscil·lador harmònic quàntic es mapejen a les probabilitats condicional que resolen l'ecuació de Chapman-Kolmogorov per a processos de Markov Gaussians. Tot i que no hi ha gravetat present a la nostra construcció, el mapa exhibeix propietats que recorden al principi hologràfic de la gravetat quàntica. Finalment, es mostra cóm la termoestàtica clàssica de processos d'equilibri té una teoria quàntica dual amb un espai de Hilbert de dimensió finita d'estats quàntics. En concret, el nucli de cert operador Hamiltonià es converteix en l'espai de Hilbert d'una mecànica quàntica quasiestàtica. La relació de la termoestàtica a la teoria topològica de camps es dicuteix en el context de la mecànica quàntica emergent, on el concepte d'entropia té un paper clau. / Vázquez Molina, J. (2017). Mappings between Thermodynamics and Quantum Mechanics that support its interpretation as an emergent theory [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/83122 / Compendio

Master of Landscape Architecture / Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning / Stephanie A. Rolley / Economically insecure times require reduction of energy and land consumption, enhancement of socio-economic and environmental quality of life, and reutilization of neglected existing structures and sites. Traditional planning and design dictates through top-down policy and ordered master planning. In contrast, interactive smart technology simulating human cognitive reactions offers an alternative design framework - an intelligent, adaptive environment – capable of redefining contemporary public open space design. Traversing through the neglected Fifth Ward north of downtown St. Louis, the adaptive reutilization of the abandoned Iron Horse Trestle interurban elevated railroad and subway applies the Sense Respond Adapt Mutate Emerge conceptual framework (the S.R.A.M.E. Strategy) by utilizing existing resources to create an interconnected, emergent open space network. Ten unique sites along the Iron Horse Trestle are initially embedded with sensory devices capable of gathering and synthesizing learned information. The real-time actions translate into physical structural responses. The site specifi c reactions extend outwards as structural adaptations to indeterminate changes from trail users. The evolving structural form connects and mutates the existing structure. Similar to a Choose your own adventure gamebook, the Trestle’s open-ended and reactive programmatic strategies emerge as a series of potential options for future inclusionary, interactive designs. By selectively enhancing, creating, or enabling an open space system reacting to real-time actual user needs over time directly along the Trestle line, the S.R.A.M.E. Strategy offers a potential alternative framework for the indirect revitalization of neglected infrastructural and economic conditions, a residential rejuvenation catalyst, and future socio-economic and ecological sustainable living patterns education tool. The Trestle’s revitalization serves as an education tool critiquing contemporary landscape architecture and general design practice - the static, dictated, and consumptive. Intelligent adaptive environments offer an alternative framework enabling interactive design decision making capabilities to the users as options evolving over time.

Doctor of Philosophy / Curriculum and Instruction Programs / Marjorie R. Hancock / Our society is increasingly bombarded with visual imagery; therefore, it is important for educators to be knowledgeable about the elements of art and to use our knowledge to help students deepen their reading understanding. Arizpe & Styles (2003) noted that students must be prepared to work with imagery in the future at high levels of competency, yet visual literacy is seldom taught in schools. Children are surrounded with multiple forms of literacy daily and frequently the communication is in a nonverbal format. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to identify textual/visual connections and describe ways the text-illustration relationship can influence understanding for readers in the second grade. This qualitative research study took place in a Department of Defense school in Europe with six second grade students from September 14, 2009 to November 24, 2009. The six student participants were introduced to the basic elements of art—color, shape, line, texture, and value—at the onset of the study. Student participants expressed their textual, visual, and blended textual/visual understanding of four picture storybooks and four informational picture books. Data collection sources included group discussions, student verbal story retellings, student pictorial drawings and retellings, student interviews, observational field notes, teacher email correspondence, and teacher initial/final interviews. Initial analysis was based on Kiefer’s (1995) Functions of Language taxonomy, Kucer and Silva’s (1996:1999) Taxonomy of Artistic Responses and Sipe’s (2008) Categories of Reader Response. The analysis focused on participants’ textual and visual responses and the blending of textual/visual elements. The analysis revealed six emerging Categories of Textual/Visual Understanding including Personal Life Connections, Text Connections, Factual Connections, Predictive Connections, Elemental Connections, and Emotional Connections. The six categories were also reviewed for the dominant category for each student participant and how the textual/visual responses applied to both picture storybooks and informational picture books. Data analysis also revealed the second grade teacher’s perceptions of the text-illustration relationship as a part of the reading process. Student participant benefits included greater student interest and motivation, increased awareness of visual elements in picture storybooks and informational picture books, and higher level thinking expressed through textual/visual connections.

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Ontluikende geletterdheid is waarskynlik die belangrik:ste tema wat in hierdie proefskrif behandel word. Die doelbewuste skepping van ouderdomsrelevante geleenthede vir die kleuter om op 'n informele wyse blootstelling en deelname aan luister- praat-, lees- en skryfvaardighede te ervaar, dien as vertrekpunt. Vroee ontwikkeling van geletterdheidsvaardigbede, as komponent van kognitiewe ontwikkeling by die kleuter, bet geblyk noodsaaklik te wees- nie net ten aansien van skoolgereedheid nie, maar ook ten opsigte van sy uiteindelike selfverwesenliking. Die oogmerk strek dus verder as die afiigting van die kleuter tot 'n toereikende vaardigbeidsvlak ten einde skoolgereed te kan wees. In teenstelling met die lank bestaande beleid in Suid-Afiika, wat bepaal bet dat voorskoolse onderwys byna uitsluitlik die onderrig van perseptuele vaardigbede moes bebels, word 'n alternatiewe benadering m hierdie proefskrif aangedui. Hulpverlening met geletterdheidsontwikkeling as doelwit behels waarskynlik 'n meer omvattende scenario ten einde die beboeftes van die affektief-, kognitief-, sosiaalwordende kind aan te spreek. Ontsluiting van 'n nuwe wereld van kennis waardeur nonne, boudings en vaardighede aangeleer word, bet 'n direkte invloed op die kwaliteit van sy totale lewe. By uitnemendbeid skep uitkomsgerigte onderwys die geleentbeid om reeds op voorskoolse vlak, geletterdbeidsvaardigbede op 'n informele wyse aan te leer. Die mite dat primere skole aileen die voorreg beskore is om leerders te leer lees en skryf, word krities in hierdie studie bevraagteken. Die klemverskuiwing is reeds sigbaar in die nuut-aangekondigde onderwysbeleid naamlik dat die leerprogram Geletterdheid minstens sowat 40% van die daaglikse onderrigprogram in die grondslagfase moet geniet. Die wyse waarop geletterdheidsvaardighede aangeleer kan word, word indiepte bespreek. Eweneens word belangrike prosesse waardeur die ontwikkeling van 'n fonologiese-, semantiese- en sintaktiese bewussyn, aan die orde gestel. Die aanleer van geletterdheidsvaardighede blyk nie alleen noodsaaklik te wees vir die ontwikkeling van lewensvaardighede nie dit bewerkstellig toegang tot en die begryping en belewing van die werklikheid wat die mens omring. / Emergent literacy is probably the most important theme addressed in this thesis. The purpose is to create age related opportunities for the pre-school child to experience exposure and participation in listening-, vocal-, reading- and writing abilities on an informal basis which serves as a point of departure. Early awareness of literacy abilities as a component of cognitive development of the pre-school child has proved to be essential - not only in respect of school readiness, but also with regard to ultimate selfactualisation. The aim therefore goes beyond the mere training of the pre-school child to an adequate level of competence to be well prepared for formal schooling. Contrary to the well established policy in South Africa which determined that pre-school education should be limited to the exclusive teaching of perceptual abilities, an alternative approach has been considered in this thesis. Assistance with a view to literacy development probably encompasses a more inclusive scenario in order to address the requirements of the emotional, cognitive and social developing pre-school child. Exposure to a new world of knowledge through which norms, attitudes and abilities are acquired, has a direct influence on the quality of his total life. Outcomes based education provides an excellent opportunity to acquire already at pre-school level, literacy skills on an informal basis. The myth that only primary schools have been allotted the privilege to teach learners to read and write, is being critically questioned in this study. The change in emphasis is already evident in the recently announced education policy, namely that the daily learning programme Literacy must include at least 400/o of the foundation programme phase. The manner in which literacy skills can be acquired are discussed in depth. Simultaneously Literacy must include at least 400/o of the foundation programme phase. The manner in which literacy skills can be acquired are discussed in depth. Simultaneously important processes affecting the development of a phonological, semantic and syntactic cognition are discussed. The acquisition of literacy skills appears not only to be important to the development of life skills - it accomplishes access to and the comprehension of as well as the perception of the reality surrounding man. / Psychology of Education / D. Ed. (Sielkundige Opvoedkunde)