Bibliography: leaves 231-266. / 271 leaves : col. ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Indicates that injections under the ureteric orifice can cure VUR and that the tissue response to the plastics becomes quiescent. Research into embolisation from solid implants from intravenous tubing and the possibility of antibody formation to implanted plastics is also included. A model for fetal VUR has been developed to clarify focus of the uncertainity about reflux disease. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Paediatrics, 1999

Abstract: The role of bacterial biofilms in patients with persistent CRS is of growing concern. The limited efficacy of some medical and surgical treatments for CRS illustrates the need for further progress in this area. The current treatments of chronic rhinosinusitis are concentrated on medical +/- surgical therapy. In this thesis, we consider two methods performed in chronic rhinosinusitis, endoscopic sinus surgery and long term low-dose macrolide therapy, and consider how they can affect bacterial biofilms. The effect of endoscopic sinus surgery on bacterial biofilms and the clinical impact of this condition on CRS patients may be far more profound than we can currently understand. To understand the impact of ESS on bacterial biofilms, we have performed the first prospective study to evaluate the effect of ESS on bacterial biofilms in patients with CRS and patients’ clinical outcomes after 3 months follow-up. We have shown that ESS results in a statistically significant improvement in QoL, subjective and objective outcome measures. In terms of bacterial biofilms, the mean OD630nm of isolates was significantly reduced after 3 months follow-up (p=0.043). No correlations between the reduction of bacterial biofilms with any of the objective, subjective and QoL outcomes were seen in our study. Macrolides have demonstrated their anti-inflamatory effects in the treatment of diffuse panbronchiolitis, asthma, cystis fibrosis and chronic rhinosinusitis. In recent years, there are a number of in vitro studies supporting the anti-biofilm effects of macrolide antibiotics, especially at sub-MICs level. These have shown that macrolides alter the outer membrane, lipopolysaccharide of biomass and inhibit the expression of other bacterial virulence factors which may disrupt the adherence of bacteria to form biofilms. Long term low dose macrolide therapy, therefore, may transform bacterial biofilms from the protected organized form into the plantonic form. In this thesis, we also report the first in vivo efficacy of long term low dose macrolides on bacterial biofilms in patients with CRS. Patients receiving oral macrolide showed significant improvements in subjective, objective and QoL scores following a 12 week course. Nasal swabs were taken from CRS patients at the first visit and 3 months after macrolide therapy. Using the microtiter biofilm assay, these swabs showed a reduction in the mean OD630nm of isolates in 8/12 patients. While it is well-known that bacterial biofilms are established in CRS patients, the relationship between the improvement of clinical symptoms and the severity of bacterial biofilm is less clear.

Bibliography: leaves 231-266. / 271 leaves : col. ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Indicates that injections under the ureteric orifice can cure VUR and that the tissue response to the plastics becomes quiescent. Research into embolisation from solid implants from intravenous tubing and the possibility of antibody formation to implanted plastics is also included. A model for fetal VUR has been developed to clarify focus of the uncertainity about reflux disease. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Paediatrics, 1999

[Truncated abstract] Previous research has found that full recovery of knee function following arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM) is often not achieved, and in the long-term, over 50% of these patients will develop knee osteoarthritis (OA). Mechanical factors are believed to contribute largely to the development of knee OA. High frequency loading has been shown to lead to degenerative joint changes in animal models. In human gait, the knee adduction moment during stance phase, which tends to load the medial articular surface of the tibiofemoral joint, has been associated with the presence, severity and progression of knee OA. Quadriceps weakness, which is common in people with knee pathology, has been associated with abnormal sagittal plane knee moments during gait, yet no studies have investigated the effect of knee strength on frontal plane kinetics. This work aimed to investigate gait mechanics in a post-APM population, determine the influence of neuromuscular factors on gait, and assess recovery of function over 12 months while examining factors associated with recovery. One hundred and six APM subjects were examined between one and three months postsurgery. Data were compared to an age-matched control group of 49 healthy adults. Subjects were aged 20 to 50 years and had been screened for: clinical and radiographic evidence of knee OA; previous or current knee joint disease or injury (other than the current meniscus pathology); or any other previous or existing disease or injury that may have an effect on gait, or predispose to joint disease. Three-dimensional gait analysis was performed at a freely-chosen walking velocity, using a 50 Hz VICON three-dimensional motion analysis system, instrumented with two force platforms and 10-channel electromyography system. Subjects also underwent knee strength testing on a Biodex isokinetic dynamometer. Information was collected regarding subject’s physical activity levels, general health and knee function, as well as patient’s surgery specifics and rehabilitation regime.

Orientador: Lígia Yukie sassaki / Resumo: Introdução: Com o advento da terapia biológica, o foco de resposta na Doença de Crohn (DC) ampliou-se, sendo essenciais a remissão clínica e endoscópica. Estudos prospectivos comparando os representantes dessa classe terapêutica mais utilizados, o Infliximabe (IFX) e o Adalimumabe (ADA), são escassos. O objetivo do estudo foi comparar a efetividade clínica e endoscópica do IFX versus ADA em pacientes com DC naïves terapia biológica, na semana 54 de tratamento. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo clínico, não-randomizado, no qual pacientes com DC que receberam IFX ou ADA, foram avaliados nas semanas 0, 14, 30 e 54 de tratamento. Utilizou-se o Índice de Atividade da Doença de Crohn (CDAI) para avaliação da atividade clínica da doença. Entre 6 e 12 meses, foi avaliada a atividade endoscópica através do Simplified Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s Disease (SES-CD). As variáveis foram resposta clínica (queda do CDAI > 70 pontos) e remissão clínica (CDAI < 150 pontos), avaliados nas semanas 14, 30 e 54, e resposta endoscópica (queda do SES-CD de pelo menos 50% em relação à pontuação inicial), remissão endoscópica (controle endoscópico com SES-CD ≤ 2 pontos), e taxas de internação, cirurgia, óbito e perda de resposta, analisados na semana 54. A análise estatística foi estatística descritiva, teste de ANOVA com medidas repetidas no tempo considerando a interação medicamento x tempo, seguida do teste de comparação múltipla de Tukey ajustado, com nível de significância de 5% ou o p-valor c... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Introduction: With the advent of biological therapy, the focus of the Crohn's Disease (CD) response has changed and clinical and endoscopic remission are essential. Prospective studies comparing the most used biological drugs, Infliximab (IFX) and Adalimumab (ADA), are scarce. Our aim was compare the clinical and endoscopic effectiveness of IFX versus ADA in CD patients naïve to biological therapy at the 54th week of treatment. Methods: An open, non-randomized, clinical study with CD patients receiving IFX or ADA was performed at treatment weeks 0, 14, 30 and 54. The Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) was used to evaluate the disease clinical activity. Between 6 and 12 months, colonoscopy was performed and the Simplified Endoscopic Score for Crohn's Disease (SES-CD) was used. Clinical response (CDAI decrease>70 points) and clinical remission (CDAI<150 points) were assessed at weeks 14, 30 and 54; endoscopic response (decrease of at least 50% in SES-CD), endoscopic remission (endoscopic control with SES-CD ≤ 2 points), and hospitalization rates, surgeries, deaths and loss of response, were analyzed at week 54. A statistical analysis was descriptive with ANOVA test with repeated measures considering drug interaction x time, followed by Tukey multiple comparison test adjusted, with a significance level of 5% or the corresponding p-value. Results: A total of 85 patients were included, 45 patients underwent treatment with ADA and 40 with IFX, with difference between groups only... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Propofol é amplamente utilizado para sedação consciente durante a colangiopancreatografia endoscópica retrógrada (CPER) e a dexmedetomidina tem potenciais propriedades sedativas de eficácia equivalente. O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar a hipótese de que dexmedetomidina é tão eficaz quanto propofol combinado com fentanil para promover sedação consciente durante a CPER. Trata-se de um ensaio clínico, randomizado, cego, double-dummy, que abrangeu 26 pacientes adultos, estado físico I-III de acordo com a Sociedade Americana de Anestesiologia. Os pacientes foram randomizados para receber propofol (n = 14) (concentração plasmática alvo de 2 a 4 μg. ml-1) associado a fentanil (1 μg. kg-1) ou dexmedetomidina (n = 12) (1 μg.kg-1 por 10 minutos), seguida de infusão de 0,2 a 0,5 μg.kg-1.min. Sedativos adicionais foram utilizados se não fosse alcançada sedação adequada com a dose máxima permitida. Os desfechos primários foram o nível de sedação mensurado através da Escala Richmond de Agitação-Sedação e a necessidade de sedativos adicionais. Os desfechos secundários foram as variações hemodinâmicas e respiratórias aferidas pela freqüência cardíaca, pressão arterial, saturação de oxigênio, pressão parcial exalada de dióxido de carbono e freqüência respiratória. Quanto à sedação, o risco relativo (RR) foi de 2,71 (IC 95%, 1,31 a 5,61) e o número de pacientes que foi necessário tratar (NNT) foi de 1,85 (IC95%, 1,19 a 4,21) para observar um paciente adicional apenas sonolento, 15 minutos após o início da sedação no grupo dexmedetomidina. Também o RR foi de 9,42 (IC95%, 1,41 a 62,80), e o NNT, de 1,42 (IC 95%, 1,0 a 2,29) para requerer analgesia adicional. Entretanto, no pós-operatório, o grupo dexmedetomidina apresentou maior redução na pressão arterial e na freqüência cardíaca e sobretudo, maior nível de sedação. Dexmedetomidina isolada não foi tão eficaz quanto propofol combinado a fentanil para promover sedação consciente durante a CPER. Além disso, foi associada com maior instabilidade hemodinâmica e tempo de recuperação prolongado. / Propofol is a wildly used therapeutic for conscious sedation during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and dexmedetomidine has sedative properties of equivalent efficacy. The aim of this study was to examine the hypothesis that dexmedetomidine is as effective as propofol combined with fentanyl for providing conscious sedation during ERCP. A randomized clinical trial, blind and double-dummy, was conducted where twenty-six adults with physical status I-III according to the American Society of Anesthesiology were studied. Patients were randomized to receive propofol (n= 14) (target plasma concentration ranged from 2 to 4 μg/ mL) combined with fentanyl (1 μg/kg) or dexmedetomidine (n=12) (1 μg/kg over 10 min), followed by 0.2 to 0.5 μg/kg/min. Additional sedatives were used if adequate sedation was not achieved at the maximum dose allowed. The main outcomes were sedation level that was assessed by the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale and the demand for additional sedatives. The secondary outcomes were the effects on hemodynamic and respiratory parameters, which included heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, partial pressure of exhaled carbon dioxide and respiratory rate. In sedation, the relative risk (RR) was 2.71 (95% CI, 1.31 to 5.61) and number of patients needed to treat (NNT) was 1.85 (95% CI, 1.19 to 4.21) to observe one additional patient only drowsiness 15 minutes after beginning of sedation in the dexmedetomidine group. Also, the RR was 9.42 (95% CI, 1.41 to 62.80) and NNT 1.42 (95% CI, 1.0 to 2.29) to require additional analgesic. However, in the postoperative period, the dexmedetomidine group had a greater reduction in blood pressure and heart rate, and especially greater sedation level. Dexmedetomidine alone was not as effective as propofol combined with fentanyl for providing conscious sedation during ERCP. Furthermore, it was associated with more hemodynamic instability and prolonged recovery.

Propofol é amplamente utilizado para sedação consciente durante a colangiopancreatografia endoscópica retrógrada (CPER) e a dexmedetomidina tem potenciais propriedades sedativas de eficácia equivalente. O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar a hipótese de que dexmedetomidina é tão eficaz quanto propofol combinado com fentanil para promover sedação consciente durante a CPER. Trata-se de um ensaio clínico, randomizado, cego, double-dummy, que abrangeu 26 pacientes adultos, estado físico I-III de acordo com a Sociedade Americana de Anestesiologia. Os pacientes foram randomizados para receber propofol (n = 14) (concentração plasmática alvo de 2 a 4 μg. ml-1) associado a fentanil (1 μg. kg-1) ou dexmedetomidina (n = 12) (1 μg.kg-1 por 10 minutos), seguida de infusão de 0,2 a 0,5 μg.kg-1.min. Sedativos adicionais foram utilizados se não fosse alcançada sedação adequada com a dose máxima permitida. Os desfechos primários foram o nível de sedação mensurado através da Escala Richmond de Agitação-Sedação e a necessidade de sedativos adicionais. Os desfechos secundários foram as variações hemodinâmicas e respiratórias aferidas pela freqüência cardíaca, pressão arterial, saturação de oxigênio, pressão parcial exalada de dióxido de carbono e freqüência respiratória. Quanto à sedação, o risco relativo (RR) foi de 2,71 (IC 95%, 1,31 a 5,61) e o número de pacientes que foi necessário tratar (NNT) foi de 1,85 (IC95%, 1,19 a 4,21) para observar um paciente adicional apenas sonolento, 15 minutos após o início da sedação no grupo dexmedetomidina. Também o RR foi de 9,42 (IC95%, 1,41 a 62,80), e o NNT, de 1,42 (IC 95%, 1,0 a 2,29) para requerer analgesia adicional. Entretanto, no pós-operatório, o grupo dexmedetomidina apresentou maior redução na pressão arterial e na freqüência cardíaca e sobretudo, maior nível de sedação. Dexmedetomidina isolada não foi tão eficaz quanto propofol combinado a fentanil para promover sedação consciente durante a CPER. Além disso, foi associada com maior instabilidade hemodinâmica e tempo de recuperação prolongado. / Propofol is a wildly used therapeutic for conscious sedation during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and dexmedetomidine has sedative properties of equivalent efficacy. The aim of this study was to examine the hypothesis that dexmedetomidine is as effective as propofol combined with fentanyl for providing conscious sedation during ERCP. A randomized clinical trial, blind and double-dummy, was conducted where twenty-six adults with physical status I-III according to the American Society of Anesthesiology were studied. Patients were randomized to receive propofol (n= 14) (target plasma concentration ranged from 2 to 4 μg/ mL) combined with fentanyl (1 μg/kg) or dexmedetomidine (n=12) (1 μg/kg over 10 min), followed by 0.2 to 0.5 μg/kg/min. Additional sedatives were used if adequate sedation was not achieved at the maximum dose allowed. The main outcomes were sedation level that was assessed by the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale and the demand for additional sedatives. The secondary outcomes were the effects on hemodynamic and respiratory parameters, which included heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, partial pressure of exhaled carbon dioxide and respiratory rate. In sedation, the relative risk (RR) was 2.71 (95% CI, 1.31 to 5.61) and number of patients needed to treat (NNT) was 1.85 (95% CI, 1.19 to 4.21) to observe one additional patient only drowsiness 15 minutes after beginning of sedation in the dexmedetomidine group. Also, the RR was 9.42 (95% CI, 1.41 to 62.80) and NNT 1.42 (95% CI, 1.0 to 2.29) to require additional analgesic. However, in the postoperative period, the dexmedetomidine group had a greater reduction in blood pressure and heart rate, and especially greater sedation level. Dexmedetomidine alone was not as effective as propofol combined with fentanyl for providing conscious sedation during ERCP. Furthermore, it was associated with more hemodynamic instability and prolonged recovery.

Submitted by JÚLIO PINHEIRO BAIMA (jpbaima@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-04-25T20:09:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Doutorado Julio Pinheiro Baima 25 abril 2018.pdf: 1976761 bytes, checksum: fade6f9adcb14ae4ad0854e9274f5c9d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sulamita Selma C Colnago null (sulamita@btu.unesp.br) on 2018-04-26T19:04:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 baima_jp_dr_bot_int.pdf: 1976761 bytes, checksum: fade6f9adcb14ae4ad0854e9274f5c9d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-26T19:04:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 baima_jp_dr_bot_int.pdf: 1976761 bytes, checksum: fade6f9adcb14ae4ad0854e9274f5c9d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-27 / Introdução: Com o advento da terapia biológica, o foco de resposta na Doença de Crohn (DC) ampliou-se, sendo essenciais a remissão clínica e endoscópica. Estudos prospectivos comparando os representantes dessa classe terapêutica mais utilizados, o Infliximabe (IFX) e o Adalimumabe (ADA), são escassos. O objetivo do estudo foi comparar a efetividade clínica e endoscópica do IFX versus ADA em pacientes com DC naïves terapia biológica, na semana 54 de tratamento. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo clínico, não-randomizado, no qual pacientes com DC que receberam IFX ou ADA, foram avaliados nas semanas 0, 14, 30 e 54 de tratamento. Utilizou-se o Índice de Atividade da Doença de Crohn (CDAI) para avaliação da atividade clínica da doença. Entre 6 e 12 meses, foi avaliada a atividade endoscópica através do Simplified Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s Disease (SES-CD). As variáveis foram resposta clínica (queda do CDAI > 70 pontos) e remissão clínica (CDAI < 150 pontos), avaliados nas semanas 14, 30 e 54, e resposta endoscópica (queda do SES-CD de pelo menos 50% em relação à pontuação inicial), remissão endoscópica (controle endoscópico com SES-CD ≤ 2 pontos), e taxas de internação, cirurgia, óbito e perda de resposta, analisados na semana 54. A análise estatística foi estatística descritiva, teste de ANOVA com medidas repetidas no tempo considerando a interação medicamento x tempo, seguida do teste de comparação múltipla de Tukey ajustado, com nível de significância de 5% ou o p-valor correspondente. Resultados: Foram incluídos 85 pacientes, 45 submetidos ao tratamento com ADA e 40 com IFX. O uso concomitante de Azatioprina foi mais frequente no grupo que recebeu IFX (p=0,0001). As taxas de resposta clínica foram de 86,67% na semana 14, 82,22% na semana 30 e 82,22% na semana 54 no grupo ADA. No grupo IFX, as taxas de resposta foram 70%, 72,5% e 75%, respectivamente, sem diferença entre os tratamentos (p>0,05 em todas as semanas). As taxas de remissão clínica no grupo ADA foram de 86,67% na semana 14, 80% na semana 30 e 82,22% na Resumo 3 semana 54. No grupo IFX, 65%, 62,5% e 65% respectivamente, com diferença significativa apenas na semana 14 (p=0,02). Resposta endoscópica foi atingida em 60,61% dos pacientes do grupo ADA e 85,71% no grupo IFX (p=0,02). As taxas de remissão endoscópica foram de 45,45% e 60%, respectivamente (p=0,23). Internações, cirurgia, óbitos e perda de resposta ocorreram com frequência sem diferença significativa entre os grupos. Conclusões: Não houve diferença nas taxas de resposta clínica entre os tratamentos. Houve maiores taxas de remissão clínica na semana 14 no grupo ADA, não mantidas nas semanas seguintes. Taxas de resposta endoscópica foram melhores no grupo IFX. Não houve diferença nas taxas de remissão endoscópica. Não houve diferença nas taxas de internações, cirurgias e óbitos, assim como na perda de resposta. / Introduction: With the advent of biological therapy, the focus of the Crohn's Disease (CD) response has changed and clinical and endoscopic remission are essential. Prospective studies comparing the most used biological drugs, Infliximab (IFX) and Adalimumab (ADA), are scarce. Our aim was compare the clinical and endoscopic effectiveness of IFX versus ADA in CD patients naïve to biological therapy at the 54th week of treatment. Methods: An open, non-randomized, clinical study with CD patients receiving IFX or ADA was performed at treatment weeks 0, 14, 30 and 54. The Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) was used to evaluate the disease clinical activity. Between 6 and 12 months, colonoscopy was performed and the Simplified Endoscopic Score for Crohn's Disease (SES-CD) was used. Clinical response (CDAI decrease>70 points) and clinical remission (CDAI<150 points) were assessed at weeks 14, 30 and 54; endoscopic response (decrease of at least 50% in SES-CD), endoscopic remission (endoscopic control with SES-CD ≤ 2 points), and hospitalization rates, surgeries, deaths and loss of response, were analyzed at week 54. A statistical analysis was descriptive with ANOVA test with repeated measures considering drug interaction x time, followed by Tukey multiple comparison test adjusted, with a significance level of 5% or the corresponding p-value. Results: A total of 85 patients were included, 45 patients underwent treatment with ADA and 40 with IFX, with difference between groups only in concomitant use of azathioprine, more frequent in the IFX group (p=0.0001). Clinical response rates were 86.67% at week 14, 82.22% at week 30 and 82.22% at week 54 in ADA group. In IFX group, 70%, 72.5% and 75%, respectively (p> 0.05 on all weeks). Clinical remission rates were 86.67% at week 14, 80% at week 30 and 82.22% at week 54 in ADA group. In IFX group, 65%, 62.5% and 65%, respectively, with significate difference only at week 14 (p = 0.02). Endoscopic response rate was 60.61% in patients from ADA group and 85.71% in the IFX group (p = 0.02). Rates of Abstract 6 endoscopic remission were 45.45% and 60%, respectively (p = 0.23). Hospitalizations, surgery, deaths and loss of lost response occurred without significant difference between groups. Conclusions: There were no difference in the clinical response rates between treatments. There was higher rate of clinical remission at week 14 in the ADA group, not sustained in the subsequent weeks. Endoscopic response rate was better in the IFX group. There was no difference in endoscopic remission rate. There were no difference in hospitalization rates, surgeries and deaths, as well as loss of response.

abstract: During the past five decades neurosurgery has made great progress, with marked improvements in patient outcomes. These noticeable improvements of morbidity and mortality can be attributed to the advances in innovative technologies used in neurosurgery. Cutting-edge technologies are essential in most neurosurgical procedures, and there is no doubt that neurosurgery has become heavily technology dependent. With the introduction of any new modalities, surgeons must adapt, train, and become thoroughly familiar with the capabilities and the extent of application of these new innovations. Within the past decade, endoscopy has become more widely used in neurosurgery, and this newly adopted technology is being recognized as the new minimally invasive future of neurosurgery. The use of endoscopy has allowed neurosurgeons to overcome common challenges, such as limited illumination and visualization in a very narrow surgical corridor; however, it introduces other challenges, such as instrument "sword fighting" and limited maneuverability (surgical freedom). The newly introduced concept of surgical freedom is very essential in surgical planning and approach selection and can play a role in determining outcome of the procedure, since limited surgical freedom can cause fatigue or limit the extent of lesion resection. In my thesis, we develop a consistent objective methodology to quantify and evaluate surgical freedom, which has been previously evaluated subjectively, and apply this model to the analysis of various endoscopic techniques. This model is crucial for evaluating different endoscopic surgical approaches before they are applied in a clinical setting, for identifying surgical maneuvers that can improve surgical freedom, and for developing endoscopic training simulators that accurately model the surgical freedom of various approaches. Quantifying the extent of endoscopic surgical freedom will also provide developers with valuable data that will help them design improved endoscopes and endoscopic instrumentation. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Neuroscience 2014

Introdução: As estenoses biliares são sempre desafiadoras, tanto no diagnóstico como na conduta terapêutica aplicada, seja ela curativa ou paliativa. A obtenção de espécimes se faz necessária uma vez que muitas doenças benignas mimetizam as neoplasias biliopancreáticas, tornando o diagnóstico anatomopatológico fundamental. Apesar da baixa acurácia, a colangiopancreatografia retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE) é o método tradicionalmente utilizado para diagnosticar estenoses biliares por meio do escovado citológico e da biópsia transpapilar. Por outro lado, diversos estudos têm reportado acurácia satisfatória da ecoendoscopia com punção aspirativa com agulha fina (EE-PAAF). Este estudo propõe comparar prospectivamente esses métodos no diagnóstico anatomopatológico da estenose biliar com suspeita de origem maligna. Métodos: Após a realização do cálculo amostral, 50 pacientes com estenoses biliares com suspeita maligna foram submetidos à CPRE com escovado citológico e biópsia transpapilar e à EE-PAAF durante a mesma sedação ou com intervalo máximo de sete dias. O padrão-ouro do resultado anatomopatológico dos métodos foram a cirurgia e o seguimento clínico por pelo menos seis meses. Foram avaliados os índices de acurácia (sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo e negativo, razão de verossimilhança positiva e negativa e acurácia), de concordância e as complicações entre os métodos, além da realização de subanálises, incluindo avaliação de técnicas, localização anatômica e tamanho da lesão. Resultados: O diagnóstico anatomopatológico obtido na associação dos dois métodos nos 50 pacientes (26 mulheres e 24 homens, com média de idade de 63,08 anos) foram: 47 malignos, um suspeito para malignidade e dois benignos. O diagnóstico definitivo definido pelo padrão-ouro demonstrou 48 estenoses malignas e duas benignas. O tamanho médio das lesões foi 3,48 cm, sendo 31 lesões extraductais e 19 intraductais, bem como 35 distais e 15 proximais. Na análise por intenção de tratamento, sensibilidade, especificidade e acurácia da EE foram superiores aos resultados da CPRE (93,8%, 100% e 94% contra 60,4%, 100% e 62%, respectivamente) (p = 0,034) com índices de complicações semelhantes. Não houve concordância entre os métodos e a combinação deles aumentou a sensibilidade e acurácia para 97,9% e 98%, respectivamente. Nas subanálises, a EE foi superior à CPRE tanto nas lesões extraductais com acurácia de 100% contra 54,8%, p=0,019, quanto nas lesões maiores que 1,5 cm (95,8% contra 61,9%, p=0,031). Entretanto os resultados foram semelhantes nas lesões intraductais e nas menores que 1,5 cm. Não houve diferença significativa entre os métodos nas análises de lesões proximais, distais e pancreáticas. Nas subanálises das técnicas empregadas, o escovado citológico e a biópsia transpapilar apresentaram resultados semelhantes entre si, tal como as técnicas de capilaridade e vácuo. Conclusão: A EE-PAAF é superior à CPRE associada ao escovado citológico e à biópsia transpapilar, com índices de complicações semelhantes. Não há concordância entre os métodos e a associação deles aumenta os índices de acurácia. A EE-PAAF é superior à CPRE com obtenção de espécimes na avaliação de lesões extraductais e nas maiores que 1,5 cm e é semelhante nas intraductais e nas menores que 1,5 cm. O escovado citológico e a biópsia transpapilar apresentam resultados semelhantes entre si, tal como as técnicas de capilaridade e vácuo. Não há diferença entre os métodos nas análises individuais de lesões distais, proximais e pancreáticas / Background and Aims: Biliary strictures are always a challenging clinical scenario and the anatomopathological diagnosis is essential in the therapeutic management, whether for curative or palliative purposes. The acquisition of specimens is necessary since many benign diseases mimic biliopancreatic neoplasms. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the traditionally used method, despite its low accuracy based on biliary brush cytology and forceps biopsy. On the other hand, several studies reported good accuracy rates using endoscopic ultrasound guided-fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA). The aim of this prospective study is to compare the accuracy of EUS and ERCP for tissue sampling of biliary strictures. Methods: After performing the sample calculation, fifty consecutive patients with indeterminate biliary strictures were included to undergo ERCP and EUS procedures on the same sedation or with a maximum interval of 7 days. The gold standard method was surgery or six months\' follow-up. Evaluation of the accuracy indices (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, positive and negative likelihood ratio and accuracy), concordance and adverse events among the methods were performed. Also, subtype analyses of the techniques evaluation, anatomical localization and size of the lesion were included. Results: The final diagnosis reported in 50 patients (26 Female and 24 Male with a mean age of 63.08 years old) was 47 malignant, one suspicious for malignance and two benign lesions. Thirty-one lesions were extraductal and 19 intraductal, 35 were distal and 15 proximal strictures. The mean size of the lesion was 3.48 cm. In the intention-to-treat analysis, the sensibility and accuracy of EUS-FNA were superior than ERCP tissue sampling with biliary brush cytology and intraductal forceps biopsy (93.8%, 94% vs. 60.4%, 62%, respectively) (p=0.034), with similar adverse events. There was no concordance between the methods and combining both methods improved the sensitivity and accuracy for 97.9% and 98%, respectively. In the subtype analyses, the EUS-FNA was superior, with a higher accuracy than ERCP tissue sampling in evaluating extraductal lesions (100% vs. 54.8%, p=0.019) and in those larger than 1.5 cm (95.8% vs. 61.9%, p=0.031), but were similar in evaluating intraductal lesions and lesions smaller than 1.5 cm. There was no significant difference between the methods in the analyses of proximal, distal and pancreatic lesions. In the subtype analyses of the techniques employed, the brush cytology and the intraductal transpapillary biopsy presented similar results, as well as capillary and suction techniques. Conclusion: EUS-FNA is better than ERCP tissue sampling with biliary brush cytology and intraductal forceps biopsy with similar adverse events. There is no concordance between the methods and their association increases the accuracy. EUS-FNA is superior to ERCP tissue sampling in the assessment of extraductal lesions and in those larger than 1.5 cm and similar in the intraductal and in the lesions smaller than 1.5 cm. The brush cytology and intraductal transpapillary biopsy present similar results as well as capillary and suction techniques. There are no differences between methods in individual analyses of distal, proximal and pancreatic lesions