The work deals with allocations of financial resources redistributing by European Union Structural funds for the running program period 2007-2013. The theoretical part describes all funds in Czech Republic, creation of application and confirmation of the application. It tries to find the mistakes, which the applicants often do and it indicates, what is the best way to prevent them. The main thesis of Structural funds is balancing economical differences particulars regions. The work describes particular allocations for NUTS II regions and their actual level of money ran out. To adjust a difference between particular regions, the poorest region should get the most of financial resources. Conclusion of the work describes, the financial resources do not redistribute in a way to minimize the economic differences between the regions, and conversely it tends to their bigger differences.

Plus souvent étudiée dans le cadre états-unien, la philanthropie fait l’objet d’un nombre accru de travaux en France aussi. Il s’agit ici d’examiner les organismes à but non-lucratif se consacrant aux sciences de la santé, à la jonction d’une histoire de la recherche médicale et d’une histoire des fondations. Le premier objectif est de recenser et de décrire ces organisations : actions, fonctionnements, modèles économiques. Le deuxième d’interpréter leur essor depuis la fin du XXe siècle – le nombre de fondations françaises tous domaines confondus a doublé en quinze ans, comme leurs dépenses et leurs actifs. De nouveaux statuts ont été créés, en particulier celui du fonds de dotation en 2008, la législation dans ce domaine, de manière générale, s’étoffant significativement au cours de cette décennie. En encourageant ainsi les instruments visant à lever de l’argent privé, la puissance publique initie-t-elle une forme de désengagement, ou du moins un redéploiement de ses missions ? Si la réponse ne peut être que nuancée, il est notable que l’étude des fonds et fondations nous place au cœur d’une histoire des transformations récentes de l’État, sur laquelle elle ambitionne d’apporter un éclairage spécifique, en faisant voir notamment ses implications pour les médecins chercheurs, confrontés à une complexité croissante des modes de financement. / Usually considered in the american context, philanthropy is the subject of a growing number of studies in France also. We here examine non-profits that are dedicated to health sciences, at the juncture of two distinct fields: history of medical research and history of charitable foundations. Our first objective is to list and describe these organizations: their actions, functioning and economic models. The second one is to interpret their expansion since the end of the 20th century – the number of French foundations all types combined doubled in 15 years, as did their assets and expenditures. New legal forms were created, most notably the endowment fund («fonds de dotation») in 2008, as legislation in this field developed. By encouraging tools whose purpose is to collect private money, are public authorities initiating a form of disengagement, or at least a restructuring of their missions? The answer must remain nuanced, but it is notable that studying charitable funds and foundations places us at the heart of another field: history of State transformation, which we hope to shed some light on, by showing its implications for researchers, who are facing a growing complexity in science funding.

Das Spannungsfeld der leistungssportlichen Talentförderung im Kindes- und Jugendalter ist an seinen Endpunkten durch die schulische Allgemeinbildung und die sportliche Spezialbildung zu markieren. Einen allgemeinbildenden Schulabschluss bei gleichzeitigem spitzensportlichen Engagement zu absolvieren, fordert den schulpflichtigen Athleten und Athletinnen dabei einen erheblichen Ressourceneinsatz ab, der ohne Unterstützungsleistungen des sozialen Umfelds kaum zu leisten ist. In diesem Zusammenhang geraten vor allem die Schule-Leistungssport-Verbundsysteme in den Blick, die mittels effektiver struktureller Arrangements bei der Bewältigung einer solchen dualen Karriere unterstützen sollen. Die vorliegende Arbeit geht der Frage nach, welche Mechanismen der sozialen Unterstützung bei der Bewältigung einer dualen Karriere im Kindes- und Jugendalter wirken und welche Rolle die Verbundsysteme in diesem Kontext einnehmen. / Of the achievement-sporty talent promotion in the younger age is to be marked at its terminator points by the school general education and the sporty special formation. To complete a general-forming graduation with simultaneous pointed-sporty commitment, claims from the schoolable athletes thereby a substantial resources employment, which is hardly to be carried out without support achievements of the social surrounding field. In this context above all the school achievement sport compound systems turn out into the view, which are to support with effective structural arrangements during the accomplishment of such a binary career. This book follows to the question, which mechanisms of the social support work during the accomplishment of a binary career in the younger age and which role the compound systems in this context take.

This thesis studies the determinants of grants from the National Endowment for the Arts and identifies the key factors that can account for their variation across communities. The analysis examines the target audience for NEA grants, how the NEA chooses to distribute its funds, and whether the grants aimed at low-income communities are effective in targeting communities that do not otherwise have access to the arts. This study concludes that grants from the National Endowment for the Arts tend to be allocated to communities with higher college graduation rates, but not necessarily higher income levels.

abstract: This thesis is an art-historical inquiry into the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) and its controversies in the 1990s. A socio-economic model of instrumentalization of the arts based on Pierre Bourdieu's and David Throsby's conceptualizations of cultural capital is first developed. The model is then used to explore the notion of "congressional aesthetics," or a particular brand of arts-instrumentalization adopted by the U.S. Congress for post-WWII federal projects involving art, and two cases of its implementation. The first case is the successful implementation of congressional aesthetics in the instrumentalization of the arts in Sino-American cultural diplomacy during the Cold War. The kind of American art in the 1950s enabled the successful implementation of congressional aesthetics. The opposite case is then investigated: the failed implementation of congressional aesthetics in the operation of the NEA in the 1980s. Specifically, the NEA controversies of the 1990s can be traced to the agency's failure to conform to congressional aesthetics. Failed congressional aesthetics also results largely from the type of American art being produced in the 1980s. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Art 2015

The insurance market offers a large scale of different types of insurance products. Insurance companies offer products ranging from property insurance, airport and air meeting as well as different types of life and non-life insurance. The client has the possibility to choose a product that fully meets his needs. Endowment of Unit linked insurance are one of the most used insurances in the field of life insurances. Endowment insurance is an older product, which is for a long time on the market, but with its construction does not allow the client to be engaged and have the possibility to influence the distribution of the insurance money at any time during the duration of the contract. Therefore the insurance companies came up with a new and very flexible life insurance, which fully suits the needs of present clients and gives them the possibility to be engaged and co-determine on their finances. Unit Linked Insurance is the very life insurance. Comparison of these two types of life insurance is the objective of this presented work. It describes the differences of the two insurances, what are their advantages or disadvantages, but also it determines the possibility of combination of Unit linked insurance with cooperation with mortgage credit. Further it also describes what is important and how to setup the Unit linked insurance so that the bank will accept it as a possible funding of housing.

We introduce a new insurance instrument allowing retirees to hedge against risk of mortality and risk of default. At retirement, the retiree is allowed to purchase an annuity that provides a defaultable income stream over his lifetime. The time of mortality and time of default are both uncertain, but are accompanied by determined hazard rates. The retiree will make consumption and investment choices throughout his lifetime, which have certain restrictions: the retiree can never enter a bankruptcy state (negative total wealth), and the investment choices are made in a risk-free financial instrument (such as a treasury bill or bond) and a risky instrument (such as commodities or stock). The retiree also makes insurance premium payments which hedge against mortality and default risks simultaneously. This new form of insurance is one which can be implemented by financial institutions as a means for retirees to protect their illiquid assets. In doing so, we calculate the optimal annuity rate a retiree should purchase to maximize his utility of consumption and bequest.Throughout the paper, we develop stochastic control models for a retiree's optimal investment and consumption policies over an uncertain planning horizon in several models which may or may not allow for insurance purchases. We find exact solutions to several models, and apply dynamic programming and the logarithmic transformation to other models to find numerical solutions when constraints are needed. We also analyze the effects of loading on insurance, analyzing the effects of more expensive insurance on the retiree's control policies and value functions. In particular, we will consider the model in which the retiree can purchase life insurance and credit default insurance (in the form of a credit default swap, or CDS) separately to hedge against life events. CDS's do not exist for annuities, but we extend this model by incorporating life insurance and the CDS into a single entity, which can be a viable, and realistic, option to hedge against risk. This model is beneficial in providing a solution to the annuity problem by showing that minimal annuity purchase is optimal.

In the early decades of the twentieth century, the emergence of a novel corporate form – the non-profit family philanthropic foundation – created a new instrument through which the charitable impulses of their founders could be expressed. This archival dissertation project examines the histories of these foundations through a few targeted test cases (the Henry R. Luce Foundation, the Pew Charitable Trusts, and the Lilly Endowment, Inc.) and the group of theologically and politically conservative businessmen who engineered them. On a fine-grained level, I aim to document the shift from the religiously influenced, often denominational, charitable institution to the highly “rationalized” modern non-profit philanthropic foundation between the years 1934 and 1959. In so doing, I aim to shed further light on the religious rationalities of some of our nation’s most powerful secular institutions.

The most significant tax overhaul bill in over thirty years was enacted in 2017 and expected to have wide-ranging effects. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act includes numerous policies that directly and indirectly impact the higher education sector and the effect to endowments was not addressed in the public debate leading up to enactment. Unlike expendable gifts, a reduction in endowment contributions has a cumulative effect because a gift to an endowment can benefit all subsequent years. Each year following a contribution, investment income earned on the original gift is available for spending and benefits escalate over time in amount, assuming the value of the original gift continues to grow. The purpose of this study is to analyze precisely the direct and indirect impact of personal income tax regulations on the charitable sector. It will do so by disaggregating data to delineate clearly the differential consequences that distinguish higher education from other components of the broad charitable sector umbrella. A model is developed to predict the erosion of endowment wealth following a decrease in contributions due to tax policy using panel data from a previous ten-year period assuming the tax policy was first effective beginning in year one. The erosion of overall endowment wealth is gradual, and subsectors of higher education are predicted to experience varying rates of attrition. Regression analysis is then used on giving by source data to institutional and endowment characteristics indicative of greater reliance on contributions from individuals to the endowment; the results are suggestive but inconclusive.

The diploma thesis deals with the design of the building of the Center for Children's Oncology Endowment Fund Krtek (Mole) at the crossing of Milady Horákové and Francouzské streets in Brno. Emphasis is placed on a detailed solution of operational, functional and capacity needs, which are individual requirements of a particular endowment fund.