Immigration, economic, and regulatory trends in Canada have challenged all professions to examine the processes by which immigrant professionals (international graduates) achieve professional licensure and meaningful employment in Canada. The Internationally Educated Engineers Qualification Program (IEEQ) at the University of Manitoba was developed as an alternate pathway to integrate international engineering graduates into the engineering profession in Manitoba. However, universities have the neither mandate nor the historical practice to facilitate licensure for immigrant professionals and, thus, the knowledge base for program development and delivery is predominantly experiential. This study was developed to address the void in the knowledge base and support the program’s ongoing development by conducting a critical, exploratory, participant-oriented evaluation of the IEEQ Program for both formative and summative purposes. The research questions focussed on how the IEEQ participants perceived and described their experiences in the IEEQ Program, and how the participants’ outcomes in the IEEQ Program compared to international engineering graduates pursuing other licensing pathways. The study was built on an interpretivist theoretical approach that supported a primarily qualitative methodology with selected quantitative elements. Data collection was grounded in focus group interviews, written questionnaires, student reports, and program records for data collection, with inductive data analysis for qualitative data and descriptive statistics for quantitative data. The findings yielded rich understandings of participants’ experiences in the IEEQ Program, their outcomes relative to international engineering graduates (IEGs) pursuing other licensing pathways, and their perceptions of their own adaptation to the Canadian engineering profession. Specifically, the study suggests that foreign credentials recognition processes have tended to focus on the recognition and translation of human and/or institutional capital. Yet, access to and acquisition of social and cultural capital need to receive equal attention. Further, the study suggested that, while it is reasonable that language fluency is a pre-requisite for successful professional integration, there is also a fundamental link between language and cognition in that international engineering graduates are challenged to understand and assimilate information for which they may not possess useful language or the underlying mental constructs. The findings have implications for our collective understanding of the scope of the professional engineering body of knowledge.

Immigration, economic, and regulatory trends in Canada have challenged all professions to examine the processes by which immigrant professionals (international graduates) achieve professional licensure and meaningful employment in Canada. The Internationally Educated Engineers Qualification Program (IEEQ) at the University of Manitoba was developed as an alternate pathway to integrate international engineering graduates into the engineering profession in Manitoba. However, universities have the neither mandate nor the historical practice to facilitate licensure for immigrant professionals and, thus, the knowledge base for program development and delivery is predominantly experiential. This study was developed to address the void in the knowledge base and support the program’s ongoing development by conducting a critical, exploratory, participant-oriented evaluation of the IEEQ Program for both formative and summative purposes. The research questions focussed on how the IEEQ participants perceived and described their experiences in the IEEQ Program, and how the participants’ outcomes in the IEEQ Program compared to international engineering graduates pursuing other licensing pathways. The study was built on an interpretivist theoretical approach that supported a primarily qualitative methodology with selected quantitative elements. Data collection was grounded in focus group interviews, written questionnaires, student reports, and program records for data collection, with inductive data analysis for qualitative data and descriptive statistics for quantitative data. The findings yielded rich understandings of participants’ experiences in the IEEQ Program, their outcomes relative to international engineering graduates (IEGs) pursuing other licensing pathways, and their perceptions of their own adaptation to the Canadian engineering profession. Specifically, the study suggests that foreign credentials recognition processes have tended to focus on the recognition and translation of human and/or institutional capital. Yet, access to and acquisition of social and cultural capital need to receive equal attention. Further, the study suggested that, while it is reasonable that language fluency is a pre-requisite for successful professional integration, there is also a fundamental link between language and cognition in that international engineering graduates are challenged to understand and assimilate information for which they may not possess useful language or the underlying mental constructs. The findings have implications for our collective understanding of the scope of the professional engineering body of knowledge.

Thesis (Master').

Master's paper (MSLS)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2001. / Also available in PDF via the World Wide Web.

No description available.

Esta tese analisa 9.041 trajetórias ocupacionais de jovens engenheiros como empregados formais no Brasil entre 2003-2012, a partir da técnica de Optimal Matching Analysis (OMA). Estas trajetórias foram comparadas às de uma geração anterior de jovens engenheiros, tanto em seu período-base (1995-2002) como entre 2003-2012, a fim de identificar efeitos de idade e período. Os principais resultados são: (i) conforme esperado, trajetórias ocupacionais ligadas à gestão (em áreas correlatas à engenharia ou não) são as que oferecem remuneração mais alta em todos os períodos analisados; (ii) nos anos 2000, o terceiro padrão mais atrativo para os jovens daquela geração foi permanecer como engenheiro típico, caminho perseguido por praticamente metade deles, enquanto tal atratividade não foi verificada nos anos 1990; (iii) o salário de entrada dos jovens engenheiros subiu 24% em termos reais entre 1995 e 2003; (iv) há pouca mobilidade de trajetória ocupacional por parte da geração dos engenheiros de 1995 após 2003; (v) os jovens engenheiros de 1995 que permaneceram como engenheiros típicos durante os anos 2000 chegaram a 2012 ganhando apenas 14% a mais do que os jovens engenheiros de 2003 (com 8 anos a menos de experiência); para comparação, os gestores da geração 90 ganhavam em torno de 50% a mais do que os da geração 2000; (vi) há dois momentos de definição de trajetória ocupacional: um primeiro ocorre até 3 anos após o primeiro emprego, mas promoções a cargos de gestão podem ocorrer entre 8 e 10 anos. Estes resultados indicam que, se por um lado houve uma revalorização dos profissionais de engenharia na última década, por outro lado esta revalorização não trouxe engenheiros anteriormente formados a carreiras típicas em engenharia. Isto, aliado à baixa demanda pelos cursos de engenharia durante os anos 80 e 90, corrobora a hipótese de um hiato geracional entre os engenheiros, documentado em artigos anteriores. / This PhD dissertation analyzes 9,041 occupational trajectories of young engineers as formal employees in Brazil in 2003-2012, using Optimal Matching Analysis (OMA). These trajectories were compared to those of a previous generation of young engineers, both in its base period (1995-2002) and in 2003-2012, to identify age and period effects. The main results are: (i) as expected, management occupational trajectories (in areas related to engineering or not) pay higher wages, in all periods; (ii) in the 2000s, the third most attractive trajectory was to remain as typical engineer, path pursued by nearly half of young engineers, however, this was not verified in the 1990s; (iii) entry wages of young engineers rose 24% in real terms between 1995 and 2003; (iv) there is little occupational mobility by the generation of 1995 engineers after 2003; (v) young engineers of 1995 who remained as typical engineers during the 2000s earned only 14% more in 2012 than young engineers of 2003; for comparison, in 2012 managers from the 90s earned about 50% more those from the 2000s; (vi) there are two defining moments of occupational trajectory: a first occurs until three years after the first job, but promotions to management positions can take place between 8 and 10 years. These results indicate that, on the one hand, there was a revaluation of engineers over the past decade; on the other hand, this did not attracted former bachelors back to typical careers in Engineering. This, combined with low demand for engineering courses during the 80s and 90s, supports the hypothesis of a generational gap among engineers, documented in previous articles.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-03-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:28:31Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 vieira_c_me_sjrp.pdf: 516040 bytes, checksum: 821016a30a1a01c83f46226e00f63cb0 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Engenharia dos ecossistemas é um processo em que organismos modificam a distribuição de recursos (i.e, disponibilizando novos habitats) para outras espécies via interação não trófica. Lagartas de Lepidoptera enroladoras de folhas podem atuar como engenheiros dos ecossistemas florestais, uma vez que são capazes de modular interações entre comunidade artrópode – planta fornecendo aos colonizadores secundários diversos tipos de benefícios. Essas lagartas quando engenheiras influenciam o padrão de distribuição e abundância de outras espécies facilitando indiretamente a ocorrência de novas espécies, bem como aumentam a diversidade de artrópodes sobre planta. Apesar de estudos terem demonstrado que lagartas engenheiras ampliam a diversidade de artrópodes sobre folhas (efeito local), apenas um estudo avaliou o efeito na planta por inteiro (efeito regional), mas apenas para guildas específicas (i.e., herbívoros); nenhum estudo até agora avaliou como comunidades diversificadas, de regiões tropicais, respondem aos impactos de lagartas engenheiras. Nesse estudo reportamos a influência das lagartas enroladoras sobre comunidades de artrópodes em grande escala espacial (i.e., efeito local e regional) e temporal (i.e., diferentes períodos sazonais). Especificamente, avaliamos se (i) abrigos foliares favorecem a ocorrência de artrópodes e amplificam diversidade sobre plantas, (ii) se o tipo de abrigo (funil, cilindro com diferentes diâmetros) interfere na colonização por diferentes guildas de artrópodes, (iii) se os efeitos dos abrigos é local (folha) ou estende-se por toda a planta hospedeira (efeito regional), (iv) se plantas com abrigos foliares atraem maior número de artrópodes nos períodos secos, e se (v) plantas com abrigos foliares, por atraírem mais predadores, têm menor taxa de herbivoria foliar. Nossos resultados demonstram que abundância, riqueza... / Ecosystem engineering is a process by which some organisms change the distribution of resources (i.e., creating new habitats) for other species via non-trophic interactions. Shelter-building caterpillars can act as forest ecosystem engineers, because they may modulate interactions, between arthropods-plant communities, by providing the secondary settlers with several kinds of benefits. These caterpillars as ecosystem engineers influence the distribution pattern and abundances of other species facilitating the occurrence of new species indirectly, as well as increasing the diversity of arthropods on the plant. Although some studies have demonstrated that caterpillar leaf shelters amplify the diversity of arthropods on leaves (local effect), only one study evaluated the effect in the whole plant (regional effect), but this study only took into account specific guilds (i.e., herbivores); To date, no evaluated how speciose communities of tropical regions respond to the impacts of engineer caterpillars. In this study we reported, for the first time the influence of the lepidopteran shelter leafs on communities of arthropods in the tropics along both large spatial (i.e., local and regional effects) and temporal scales (i.e., different seasonal periods). Specifically, we evaluated if (i) leaf shelters benefit the occurrence of arthropods and amplify the diversity on plants, (ii) if the shelter architecture (funnel, cylinders with different diameters) interferes with the colonization of differents arthropods guilds, (iii) if the effects of shelters are local (within leafs) or extends to the whole host plant (regional effect), (iv) if plants with leaf shelters attract more arthropods in the dry periods, and if (v) plants with leaf shelters, which likely attract more predators, have lower levels of leaf herbivory. Our results show that the abundance, richness and total biomass of arthropods within... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Gustavo Quevedo Romero / Banca: Martin Francisco Pareja / Banca: Thiago Junqueira Izzo / Resumo: Engenharia dos ecossistemas é um processo em que organismos modificam a distribuição de recursos (i.e, disponibilizando novos habitats) para outras espécies via interação não trófica. Lagartas de Lepidoptera enroladoras de folhas podem atuar como engenheiros dos ecossistemas florestais, uma vez que são capazes de modular interações entre comunidade artrópode - planta fornecendo aos colonizadores secundários diversos tipos de benefícios. Essas lagartas quando engenheiras influenciam o padrão de distribuição e abundância de outras espécies facilitando indiretamente a ocorrência de novas espécies, bem como aumentam a diversidade de artrópodes sobre planta. Apesar de estudos terem demonstrado que lagartas engenheiras ampliam a diversidade de artrópodes sobre folhas (efeito local), apenas um estudo avaliou o efeito na planta por inteiro (efeito regional), mas apenas para guildas específicas (i.e., herbívoros); nenhum estudo até agora avaliou como comunidades diversificadas, de regiões tropicais, respondem aos impactos de lagartas engenheiras. Nesse estudo reportamos a influência das lagartas enroladoras sobre comunidades de artrópodes em grande escala espacial (i.e., efeito local e regional) e temporal (i.e., diferentes períodos sazonais). Especificamente, avaliamos se (i) abrigos foliares favorecem a ocorrência de artrópodes e amplificam diversidade sobre plantas, (ii) se o tipo de abrigo (funil, cilindro com diferentes diâmetros) interfere na colonização por diferentes guildas de artrópodes, (iii) se os efeitos dos abrigos é local (folha) ou estende-se por toda a planta hospedeira (efeito regional), (iv) se plantas com abrigos foliares atraem maior número de artrópodes nos períodos secos, e se (v) plantas com abrigos foliares, por atraírem mais predadores, têm menor taxa de herbivoria foliar. Nossos resultados demonstram que abundância, riqueza... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Ecosystem engineering is a process by which some organisms change the distribution of resources (i.e., creating new habitats) for other species via non-trophic interactions. Shelter-building caterpillars can act as forest ecosystem engineers, because they may modulate interactions, between arthropods-plant communities, by providing the secondary settlers with several kinds of benefits. These caterpillars as ecosystem engineers influence the distribution pattern and abundances of other species facilitating the occurrence of new species indirectly, as well as increasing the diversity of arthropods on the plant. Although some studies have demonstrated that caterpillar leaf shelters amplify the diversity of arthropods on leaves (local effect), only one study evaluated the effect in the whole plant (regional effect), but this study only took into account specific guilds (i.e., herbivores); To date, no evaluated how speciose communities of tropical regions respond to the impacts of engineer caterpillars. In this study we reported, for the first time the influence of the lepidopteran shelter leafs on communities of arthropods in the tropics along both large spatial (i.e., local and regional effects) and temporal scales (i.e., different seasonal periods). Specifically, we evaluated if (i) leaf shelters benefit the occurrence of arthropods and amplify the diversity on plants, (ii) if the shelter architecture (funnel, cylinders with different diameters) interferes with the colonization of differents arthropods guilds, (iii) if the effects of shelters are local (within leafs) or extends to the whole host plant (regional effect), (iv) if plants with leaf shelters attract more arthropods in the dry periods, and if (v) plants with leaf shelters, which likely attract more predators, have lower levels of leaf herbivory. Our results show that the abundance, richness and total biomass of arthropods within... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

A Modernização Dirigida a Arquitetura (do inglês - Architecture-Driven Modernization (ADM)) é uma iniciativa do Object Management Group (OMG) no sentido de padronizar os tradicionais processos de reengenharia de software utilizando metamodelos. O metamodelo mais importante da ADM é o Knowledge Discovery Metamodel (KDM), cujo objetivo é representar todos artefatos de um determinado sistema, de forma independente de linguagem e plataforma. Um passo primordial durante processos de modernização de software é a aplicação de refatorações. No entanto, até o presente momento, há carência de abordagens que tratam das questões referentes a refatorações no contexto da ADM, desde a criação até a aplicação das mesmas. Além disso, atualmente, não existe uma forma sistemática e controlada de facilitar o reúso de refatorações que são específicas do KDM. Diante disso, são apresentados uma abordagem para criação e disponibilização de refatorações para o metamodelo KDM e um apoio ferramental que permite aplicá-las em diagramas de classe da UML. A abordagem possui dois passos: (i) o primeiro envolve passos que apoiam o engenheiro de modernização durante a criação de refatorações para o KDM; (ii) o segundo resume-se na especificação das refatorações por meio da criação de instâncias do metamodelo Structured Refactoring Metamodel (SRM) e posterior disponibilização delas em um repositório. O apoio ferramental, denominado KDM-RE, é composto por três plug-ins do Eclipse: (i) o primeiro consiste em um conjunto de Wizards que apoia o engenheiro de software na aplicação das refatorações em diagramas de classe UML; (ii) o segundo consiste em um módulo de propagação de mudanças, permitindo manter modelos internos do KDM sincronizados; (iii) o terceiro fornece apoio à importação e reúso de refatorações disponíveis no repositório. Além disso, o terceiro módulo também contém uma linguagem específica de domínio, a qual é utilizada para auxiliar o engenheiro de software a instanciar o metamodelo SRM. Foi realizado um experimento, buscando reproduzir os cenários em que engenheiros de software realizam refatorações em instâncias do metamodelo KDM. Os resultados mostraram que a abordagem, bem como o apoio ferramental podem trazer benefícios para o engenheiro de software durante a atividade de aplicação de refatorações em sistemas, representados pelo metamodelo KDM. / Architecture Driven Modernization (ADM) is an initiative of the Object Management Group (OMG) whose main purpose is to provide standard metamodels that enable the conduction of modernization activities as reverse engineering and software transformation. In this context, the most important metamodel is the Knowledge Discovery Metamodel (KDM), whose objective is to represent software artifacts in a language- and platform-agnostic fashion. A fundamental step during software modernization is refactoring. However, there is a lack of approaches that address how refactoring can be applied in conjunction with ADM. In addition, few efforts have investigated how refactorings can be reused and systematically applied within the context of KDM representations. We propose an approach for creating and cataloging refactorings tailored to KDM. Our approach is twofold: (i) the first part comprises steps that help the software modernization engineer create KDM-compliant refactorings; (ii) the second part has to do with turning these refactoring descriptions into Structured Refactoring Metamodel (SRM) and making them available to be reused. To automate these activities, we developed a tool that makes it possible to apply refactorings to Unified Modeling Language (UML) class diagrams. Our tool, named KDM-RE, comprises three Eclipse plug-ins, which can be briefly described as follows: (i) a set of Wizards aimed at supporting the software modernization engineer during refactoring activities; (ii) a change propagation module that keeps the internal metamodels synchronized; and (iii) a plug-in that supports the selection and reuse of the refactorings available in the repository. Moreover, we developed a domain specific language to minimize the effort required to instantiate SRMs. We carried out an evaluation that simulates how software modernization engineers would go about refactoring KDM instances. Our results would seem to suggest that our approach, when automated by our tool, provides several advantages to software modernization engineers refactoring systems represented by KDMs.

Ligada ao contexto de institucionalização dos cursos de engenharia na cidade de São Paulo, a fundação da Escola Politécnica de São Paulo proporcionou a formação de profissionais e técnicos necessários para atenderem às demandas sociais e aos desafios de uma cidade em rápido processo de urbanização, na primeira metade do século XX. Em 1896, a Escola Politécnica passou a oferecer o curso de engenheiro-arquiteto que perdurou até 1954. Entre os 119 profissionais formados neste curso, muitos se destacaram no campo profissional público e privado, produzindo obras que contribuíram para a transformação da paisagem urbana de São Paulo. Desta vasta produção, esta pesquisa tem por objetivo estudar os projetos e obras destinados ao ensino superior que foram desenvolvidos pelos engenheiros-arquitetos formados pela Escola Politécnica de São Paulo, e trazer à tona contribuições que são pouco conhecidas na historiografia urbanística e arquitetônica brasileira. Abordando a evolução da instituição universitária até a criação do conceito de campus e os impactos da Segunda Revolução Industrial na transformação do ensino superior, a pesquisa também analisa as propostas pedagógicas e espaciais para o planejamento e a implantação do espaço universitário brasileiro, principalmente, na criação da Universidade do Rio de Janeiro (1920), e da Universidade de São Paulo (1934), duas instituições que receberam estudos dos engenheiros-arquitetos da Poli. Percorrendo mais de sete décadas, foram identificados projetos e obras que contribuíram para a construção dos espaços da Escola Politécnica de São Paulo, quando estava instalada no bairro da Luz; para o planejamento e o desenho da Cidade Universitária \"Armando de Salles Oliveira\" da Universidade de São Paulo; e para o planejamento de outros centros acadêmicos em diversos locais do país. Várias questões cercaram esta produção, entre elas os debates em torno do ensino e da regulamentação profissional, e do crescimento da influência da arquitetura moderna no cenário eclético da cidade e na formação e na prática destes profissionais. / The foundation of The Polytechnic School of São Paulo (also referred to as \"The Poli\") institutionalized engineering courses in the city of São Paulo, enabling the formation of professionals and technicians to meet the social needs and challenges of a city undergoing rapid urbanization during the first half of the 20th century. The Polytechnic School offered a course in architectural-engineering from 1896 to 1954. Many of the 119 students who graduated during this time came to occupy major positions in the public and private sectors, making great contributions to the transformation of the urban landscape of São Paulo. The aim of this research was to study the projects and works for the buildings of institutions of higher education that were designed and carried out by the architectural-engineers that graduated from The Polytechnic School of São Paulo, drawing attention to their contributions, which are little recognized in urban historiography and Brazilian architecture. Considering the evolution of the university as an institution until the advent of the campus and the impact of the Second Industrial Revolution on the transformation of higher education, this study also analyzes the pedagogical and spatial proposals for the planning and implantation of universities in Brazil, principally in the creation of the universities of Rio de Janeiro (1920) and São Paulo (1934), both of which involved studies by architectural engineers of the Poli. Projects and works spanning more than seven decades that contributed to the construction of The Polytechnic School of São Paulo were identified, following its establishment in the urban district of Luz; these include the planning and design of the so-called University City \"Armando de Salles Oliveira\" of the University of São Paulo and of other academic centers in various locations in Brazil. A number of issues impinged on the development of these projects, including debates concerning education and professional regulation, as well as the burgeoning influence of modern architecture not only on the eclectic city environment but also on the training and practices of these professional.