El presente trabajo de investigación muestra el desarrollo de una propuesta de solución utilizando la Arquitectura Empresarial como herramienta para alinear procesos, datos, aplicaciones e infraestructura con los objetivos estratégicos de la empresa. La propuesta se centra en el rediseño del proceso de otorgamiento de créditos por ser la actividad principal para la generación de ingresos de la empresa. La crisis sanitaria producto del COVID-19 ha ocasionado que se impongan muchas restricciones que afectan el funcionamiento de la empresa, ya sea por el temor de los clientes en desplazarse a las distintas agencias o por el aforo limitado exigido para evitar los contagios. Además, se ha evidenciado una caída en las colocaciones de créditos, esto afecta la rentabilidad de los fondos previsionales de los clientes. Por ello, se propone transformar el proceso de otorgamiento de créditos con nuevos flujos de atención a través de canales no presenciales. Esta medida ampliará las posibilidades de acceso al crédito, ya que los clientes podrán realizar su solicitud en la comodidad de su hogar a través del uso de dispositivos tecnológicos como laptops, pc y/o celulares. La gestión telefónica será potenciada y permitirá realizar de manera integrada y eficiente la colocación del crédito. El flujo de atención presencial existente será optimizado con la automatización de tareas manuales y centralizándolo en un mismo espacio físico. En consecuencia, el canal no presencial contribuirá de forma importante en las colocaciones de créditos a nivel nacional, mejorando los tiempos de atención y logrando la satisfacción completa del cliente. / This research work shows the development of a solution proposal using Enterprise Architecture as a tool that allows processes, data, applications and infrastructure alignment with the company's strategic goals. The proposal focuses on the redesign of the credit granting process as it is the main source of income generation for the company. The health crisis as a result of COVID-19 has caused many restrictions to be imposed that affect the normal operation of the company, either due to the fear of customers traveling to the different agencies or due to their limited capacity required to avoid contagion. In addition, there has been a significant drop in credit placements nationwide, which directly affects the profitability of clients' pension funds. Therefore, a transformation of the credit granting process is proposed to include new service flows through non-face-to-face channels. This measure will broaden the possibilities of credit access, since customers will be able to apply for a credit in the comfort of their homes through the use of technological devices such as laptops, computers and/or cell phones. Customer service management will also be strengthened and will allow this type of credit placement to be carried out in an integrated and efficient manner. The existing face-to-face customer service flow will be optimized by automating manual tasks and centralizing them in the same physical space. As a result, the non-face-to-face channel will make a significant contribution to credit placements nationwide, improving customer service times and achieving complete customer satisfaction. / Trabajo de investigación

A case study at a global pharmaceutical company has been conducted toanalyse how the Hidden Structure method using the Enterprise Architecture Analyses(EAAT) tool, developed at KTH, can be used to visualize the IT architecture and tocreate a better understanding on which applications could increase a risk of therobustness of the architecture if changes was done to them. Also the measure of ITsupport metrics as incidents and changes per system has been analysed to understandif they can be used to understand the robustness of the incident. The tool was used tocreate a model of the enterprise architecture of the company and the analysis showedthat the robustness of the IT architecture was good; the core applications that couldcreate most damage were identified. The analysis of the IT support metrics showedthat it was difficult to use the change records as indicators since the number ofchanges per systems were very few. The incident analysis showed that the systemswith the highest number of incidents were classified as belonging core or peripheralcategory.

This master thesis looks at the use of business capabilities within enterprisearchitecture, and investigates how the concept is used within the Swedish pension managingcompany Folksam. Based on interviews with stakeholders an enterprise architecture metamodelcentred on the business capability is constructed. The meta-model is then edited andrevised according to a questionnaire aimed at removing irrelevant elements, and a secondset of interviews discussing a capability's health status and well being. This second set ofinterviews resulted in the removal of elements not aecting the well being of a capability.The nal meta-model has the business capability and the capability health status at itscore. It consists of the Capability element, with two attributes, surrounded by nine otherelements connected by eleven relations in total. / Detta examensarbete undersoker hur verksamhetsformagor anvandsinom enterprisearkitektur, och vidare hur formage-konceptet anvands pa det svenska pensionsforetaget Folksam. Baserat pa intervjuer med intressenter skapas en metamodell medverksamhetsformagan i centrum. Metamodellen revideras och andras sedan enligt ett frageformular vars mal var att ta bort ej relevanta element, och enligt en andra omgang intervjuerdar en formagas halsa diskuteras. Denna andra omgang intervjuer resulterade i att elementsom inte paverkade formagans halsa togs bort. Den slutgiltiga metamodellen har verksamhetsformagan och dess halsostatus i fokus. Den bestar av formage-elementet, med tvaattribut, omgardat av nio andra element som binds ihop av totalt elva olika relationer.

The purpose of this study is to suggest improvements in the field of low current technology for the office of Cegelec which is located in the French town of Le Mans. Cegelec is an international technological service company. First, this master’s thesis report draws the current situation of Cegelec Le Mans thanks to enterprise architecture models, and the study of a specific project as well as different previous projects. The current state is then confronted to the theoretical model lean product development in order to suggest improvements and future scenarios.

La elaboración manual de reportes y el registro no centralizado de información dentro de una empresa conlleva a la perdida de información valiosa que puede generar una ventaja competitiva importante. Del mismo modo, la automatización de procesos empresariales proporciona beneficios dentro de los cuales se encuentran: mayor productividad, reducción de tiempo, optimización de costos, generación de una base de conocimientos y sobre todo la obtención de la información en tiempo real. Contar con la información en tiempo real en los procesos claves permite la toma de decisiones de modo más eficiente generando así un mayor valor para la empresa. En este contexto, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo elaborar una arquitectura empresarial que permita la mejora del proceso de “Planta Concentradora” basado en la automatización tecnológica de actividades claves del proceso. Como resultado de la automatización se podrá contar con una base de conocimiento desde la cual se podrá obtener información para dar solución a las incidencias del proceso, se reducirá el tiempo de elaboración en los reportes y se podrá consultar el resultado de cada subproceso en tiempo real. / The manual preparation of reports and the non-centralized registry of information within a company lead to the loss of valuable information that can generate an important competitive advantage. In the same way, the business processes automation provides benefits: higher productivity, time reduction, cost optimization, generation of a knowledge base, and above all, obtaining real-time information. Having real-time information in key processes allows more efficient decision-making, thus generating greater value for the company. In this context, the present work aims to develop a business architecture that allows the improvement of the "Concentrator Plant" process based on the technological automation of process’ key activities. As a result of the automation, it will be possible to have a knowledge base from which information can be obtained to solve the incidents of the process. The elaboration time in the reports will be reduced, and the result of each sub-process can be consulted in real-time. / Tesis

Digital transformation has been a focus of public and private sectors to both improve and sustain business value by leveraging rapidly evolving technology. Digital technology is ubiquitous and inter-connected, changing the face of business, government and society through the creation of new industries, with automation replacing two thirds of existing jobs. The challenge is that most digital transformation efforts fail, mainly due to inadequate leadership and management as well as failure to accept that it is a multi-disciplinary problem. Another challenge is to distinguish between digital transformation (DT) and digitization where the former is based on a customer-centric value proposition and the latter focuses on cost-cutting and operational excellence. This difference also highlights the business/technology divide where the former is mainly DT and the latter is mainly digitization. The challenge addressed in this thesis is how to obtain management acceptance that digital transformation is multi-disciplinary and to make recommendations with respect to how best to achieve DT goals. The research methods followed is a blend of participatory action research (PAR), case study analysis and literature analysis. The principal research findings are that there is no single, management methodology that can increase the chances of DT success but that a modified form of enterprise architecture (EA) that collaboratively interacts with the other management frameworks can likely provide a solid foundation to effectively achieve DT. The thesis consists of an assessment of the current methodologies, four articles that each discuss an area to support effective DT, followed by a request for change (RFC) to up-date the TOGAF 9 EA framework standard. TOGAF was selected due to its pervasive usage globally (80% of Fortune 50 and 60% of Fortune 500). The RFC accommodated both the concepts raised in the articles and other innovations highlighted in the literature review and assessment. The thesis concludes that enterprise architecture is a key business technique that al-lows the sharing of core decision support information across the enterprise, enabling all management frameworks, especially those on the technology-management divide, to collaboratively realize digital transformation.

Après avoir défini l’Architecture d’Entreprise, en tant que discipline, son contexte de transformation, puis ses principaux cadres et méthodes (la méthode Praxeme surtout), cette thèse décrit les besoins en modélisation, notamment pour représenter les processus métier et les prises de décision opérationnelles.Après un état de l’art des langages et notations existants pour la modélisation des processus métier, des prises de décisions et des règles métier, tant dans le monde académique quand dans le monde industriel, les langages et notations standards sont présentés en détail. Cette thèse démontre les limites des langages et notations pour modéliser les processus métier à représenter les prises de décisions opérationnelles.Puis, elle évalue le nouveau langage DMN (Decision Model and Notation), proposée par l’OMG (Object Management Group) et sujet de recherche principal de cette thèse, afin de vérifier qu’elle constitue une solution alternative mieux adaptée, en appliquant le principe de séparation des préoccupations.Le modèle DMN obtenu est composé d’un diagramme et de tables de décision. Les expérimentations avec un démonstrateur, mises en oeuvre dans cette thèse, montrent qu’il est possible d’automatiser les prises de décisions opérationnelles ainsi modélisées. Plusieurs solutions techniques seront détaillées puis comparées, à la lumière de la MDA (Model Driven Architecture).Enfin, plusieurs perspectives intéressantes de l’utilisation de DMN sont développées dans la conclusion. / After defining the Enterprise Architecture, as a discipline, its context of transformation, and then its main frameworks and methods (the Praxeme method above all), this thesis describes the modeling needs, notably to represent the business processes and the operational decisions.After a state of the art of existing languages and notations for the modeling of business processes, decision-making and business rules, both in the academic world and in the industrial world, the standard languages and notations are presented in detail.This thesis demonstrates the limitations of the languages for modeling business processes to represent operational decision-making.It then evaluates the new DMN language (Decision Model and Notation), proposed by the OMG (Object Management Group) and the main research subject of this thesis, in order to verify that it is a better adapted alternative solution, applying the separation of concerns principle.The resulting DMN model is composed of a diagram and decision tables. The experiments with a demonstrator, implemented in this thesis, show that it is possible to automate the operational decision-making and modeled. Several technical solutions will be detailed and compared in light of the MDA (Model Driven Architecture).Finally, several interesting perspectives of the DMN use are developed into the conclusion.

Capability is a long-established term and concept that has found its way to be used to describe organisations. It provides the basis for a genre of analysis, design and planning methods used in several fields. In enterprise architecture  frameworks, capability has become a central architectural and fundamental element. In the field of strategic management, it was used in the 1990s to describe the resources and core competencies that a company needs in order to compete in a market, while in military applications, the concept of capability is used for mission planning. It has also been suggested that the design of information systems could be based on the concept of capability. There is no broad agreement on the nature of capability in the enterprise architecture, strategy, planning and engineering literature. This may lead to problems, as differences in perception and use in and across work practices may hamper the utility of the concept of capability in practical approaches encompassing many different kinds of stakeholders, perspectives and work practices. The overall research goal of this thesis is to design a general concept of capability, a capability viewpoint and a capability situating method that can be used to adapt the concept of capability for use within enterprise architecture frameworks, to support different work practices, and at the same time to support coherence between work practices. The research methodology used in this thesis is based on the design science paradigm, which has the primary aim of creating innovative artifacts and new knowledge to solve general and practical problems. The thesis contributes to a deepened understanding of the varying uses and utility of the concept of capability in different work practices, through an empirical case study of a mega-scale programme. This work also presents three novel artifacts, a general capability pattern, a base capability viewpoint and a capability situating method, which can be used to increase the relevance, use and utility of the concept of capability in the different types of work people do themselves and together with others in organisations. The method provides a way to adapt and tailor the concept of capability to existing enterprise architecture frameworks and to different work practices, in order to lower the barriers of application, and to improve the facilitating conditions for and actual use of capability analysis, design and planning. The results contribute to the field of enterprise architecture by enabling the creation of ISO 42010 compliant situated capability viewpoints through the application of this method.

Recent advancements in technology have led to the increased use of integrated ‘systems of systems’ (SoS) which link together independently developed and usable capabilities into an integrated system that exhibits new, emergent capabilities. However, the resulting SoS is often not well understood, where secondary and tertiary effects of tying systems together are often unpredictable and present severe consequences. The complexities of the composed system stem not only from system integration, but from a broad range of areas such as the competing objectives of different constituent system stakeholders, mismatched requirements from multiple process models, and architectures and interface approaches that are incompatible on multiple levels. While successful SoS development has proven to be a valuable tool for a wide range of applications, there are significant problems that remain with the development of such systems that need to be addressed during the early stages of engineering development within such environments. The purpose of this research is to define and demonstrate a methodology called Systems Geometry (SG) for analyzing SoS in the early stages of development to identify areas of potential unintended emergent behaviors as candidates for the employment of risk management strategies. SG focuses on three dimensions of interest when planning the development of a SoS: operational, functional, and technical. For Department of Defense (DoD) SoS, the operational dimension addresses the warfighter environment and includes characteristics such as mission threads and related command and control or simulation activities required to support the mission. The functional dimension highlights different roles associated with the development and use of the SoS, which could include a participant warfighter using the system, an analyst collecting data iv for system evaluation, or an infrastructure engineer working to keep the SoS infrastructure operational to support the users. Each dimension can be analyzed to understand roles, interfaces and activities. Cross-dimensional effects are of particular interest since such effects are less detectable and generally not addressed with conventional systems engineering (SE) methods. The literature review and the results of this study have identified key characteristics or dimensions that should be examined during SoS analysis and design. Although many methods exist for exploring system dimensions, there is a gap in techniques to explore cross-dimensional interactions and their effect on emergent SoS behaviors. The study has resulted in a methodology for capturing dimensional information and recommended analytical methods for intra-dimensional as well as cross-dimensional analysis. A problem-based approach to the system analysis is recommended combined with the application of matrix methods, network analysis and modeling techniques to provide intra- and cross-dimensional insight. The results of this research are applicable to a variety of socio-technical SoS analyses with applications in analysis, experimentation, test and evaluation and training

На текущий момент в науке существуют различные решения отдельных прикладных задач, которые касаются построения архитектуры различных IT-компаний или анализа данной архитектуры, но решение такого вопроса как проектирование архитектуры IT-компании, которая занимается разработкой гиперказуальных игр отсутствует. Это влечет за собой трудность и мешает эффективному управлению компанией. В данной работе на основе существующей методики описания архитектуры предложен свой построения уникальной архитектуры компании по разработке гиперказуальных игр. / At the moment in science there are various solutions of separate applied problems, which concern the construction of the architecture of various IT companies or analysis of this architecture, but there is no solution to such a question as designing the architecture of an IT company that develops hypercasual games. This entails difficulty and hinders the effective management of the company. In this paper, based on the existing methodology for describing the architecture, we propose a unique architecture of a hypercasual game development company.