Les atteintes à l’environnement causées par un usage important de pesticides remettent en cause lemodèle productif actuel en viticulture d’appellation. Un cadre d’analyse évolutionniste est mobilisépour comprendre le manque de changement de pratiques phytosanitaires dans ce secteur malgrél’augmentation des pressions réglementaire et sociétale ces dernières années. Après avoir analysé lelock-in des viticulteurs vis-à-vis de l’utilisation des pesticides, nous appréhendons les nouvellespratiques grâce au concept d’innovation environnementale. En nous basant sur une enquête et unmodèle évolutionniste, nous montrons que l’IPM, en tant qu’innovation de processus, permet deréduire de manière significative les quantités de pesticides employées le long de trajectoiresgagnant-gagnant, mais que l’absence de compétences spécifiques dans les exploitations entrave sonadoption. Nous mettons ainsi en évidence l’importance des processus d’apprentissage pour laréduction des pesticides en viticulture. En l’absence de R & D formalisée, les viticulteurs ont besoind’un accompagnement spécifique et d’organismes de conseil agricole structurés localement pourrelever le défi de produire des vins rentables et respectueux de l’environnement. Les politiquespubliques en construction peuvent donc s’appuyer sur ces résultats pour impulser le changementattendu dans un délai raisonnable. / The environmental damage caused by the intensive use of pesticides challenges the current production model in appellation wine growing. We mobilize here an evolutionary framework to understand the lack of change in vineyard phytosanitary protection despite increasing regulatory and social pressure in recent years. After analyzing grape growers’ pesticide lock-in, we consider new protection practices via the concept of environmental innovation. Our case analysis and evolutionary model allow us to show that IPM could significantly reduce pesticide use along win-win trajectories, but also that the lack of specific implementation know-how in farms hampers its adoption. We therefore highlight the importance of learning processes for pesticide reduction in grape growing. In the absence of formal R & D, growers need specialized advice and structured extension services to meet the challenge they face: producing profitable and environmentally friendly wines. Public policies can therefore be based on this result to drive the expected change in a reasonable time.

En el contexto de la creciente preocupación ambiental, que se ha venido desarrollando en los últimos años, surge la búsqueda por encontrar soluciones que minimicen los daños ambientales y aseguren la sostenibilidad de los recursos naturales y ecosistemas del planeta, es así como aparece la concepción de la Gobernanza Ambiental, de ahora en adelante GA, como una herramienta para resolver conflictos y tomar decisiones, a partir de las negociaciones entre los diferentes stakeholders. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo principal evaluar las diferentes posturas respecto a la GA en las organizaciones, independientemente de su ubicación geográfica y la nacionalidad de la empresa, así también determinar los principales motivos internos y externos que conducen a la proactividad ambiental, analizar la influencia de los stakeholders en la gestión ambiental e identificar las ventajas competitivas que se obtienen de una adecuada GA. Para ello, se estableció como método de investigación la revisión bibliográfica de artículos académicos, libros y tesis, a través de una tabla comparativa (benchmark) de criterios y autores. La investigación ha servido para identificar posturas como la proactividad, la innovación, la adopción de sistemas de gestión ambiental y la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa Medioambiental; las cuales contribuyen de forma positiva en las organizaciones llevándolas a la eficiencia en la reducción de costos y residuos, con la mejora en su imagen y reputación; y el incremento de la rentabilidad en un periodo de largo plazo. / In the context of the growing environmental concern, which has been developing in recent years, the search for solutions that minimise environmental damage and ensure the sustainability of the planet's natural resources and ecosystems is emerging, is So it appears the conception of environmental governance, from now on GA, as a tool to resolve conflicts and make decisions, from the negotiations between the different stakeholders. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the different positions with respect to the GA in the organizations, regardless of their geographical location and the nationality of the company, and also to determine the main internal motives and External that lead to environmental proactivity, analyze the influence of stakeholders in environmental management, identify the competitive advantages that are obtained from a suitable GA. To this end, the bibliographical review of academic articles, books and theses was established as a method of research, through a comparative table (benchmark) of criteria and authors. The research has served to identify positions such as proactivity, innovation, adoption of environmental management systems and environmental corporate Social responsibility; They contribute positively to the organizations by taking them to the efficiency in the reduction of costs and wastes, with the consequent improvement in the image and reputation, and the increase of the profitability in a long term period. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

De miljörelaterade utmaningarna som världen står inför medför en ökad press på företag från intressenter att bedriva sin verksamhet på ett sätt som inte skadar miljön utan berikar den. En förutsättning för att kunna möta miljöutmaningarna anses vara att företag i högre utsträckning bedriver innovation där hänsyn tas till dessa miljörelaterade problem, så kallade miljöinnovationer. En förutsättning för att företag ska lyckas implementera miljöinnovationer på ett framgångsrikt sätt är att deras befintliga företagskultur stödjer detta. Företagskulturen ses därför som en viktig faktor för innovation, där den både kan gynna och förhindra innovation. Detta har bevisats i tidigare forskning där sambandet mellan företagskultur och miljöinnovation studerats. I dessa studier ges som förslag till vidare forskning att göra liknande studier i andra länder för att förbättra generaliserbarheten. Forskning visar vidare på att det finns ett ömsesidigt samband mellan den nationella kulturen och företagskulturen i ett land, varpå resultatet i denna studien kan bidra med viktiga insikter kring hur företagskultur och miljöinnovation förhåller sig till varandra i en svensk kontext. Det övergripande syftet med studien var att analysera hur företagskulturen är av betydelse för att bedriva miljöinnovation. Studien genomfördes genom en kvantitativ forskningsmetod med en tvärsnittsdesign som forskningsdesign. En enkätundersökning som vände sig till relevanta chefer inom tillverknings- och tjänstebranschen låg till grund för datainsamlingen. Vidare konstruerades en faktoranalys för att identifiera olika företagskulturer i Sverige. Slutligen genomfördes logistiska regressionsanalyser för att studera sambandet mellan företagskultur och miljöinnovation. Om ett företag vill bedriva miljöproduktinnovation, miljötjänsteinnovation och miljöprocessinnovation, vare sig den är radikal eller inkrementell, är det av stor vikt att dessa företag eftersträvar en kombination av marknadskulturen och klan/adhokratikulturen. Dessa resultat stämmer överens med tidigare studiers resultat och kan därför tänkas förklara sambandet mellan företagskultur och miljöinnovation i en bredare kontext. / The environmental challenges facing the world bring increased pressure on companies from stakeholders to conduct their business in a way that instead of harming enriches the environment. A prerequisite for being able to meet the environmental challenges is that companies to a greater extent engage in innovation that takes into account environmental issues, so-called environmental innovations. A prerequisite for companies to successfully implement environmental innovations is that their existing corporate culture supports this. The corporate culture could therefore be an important factor for innovation, both by promoting and by preventing innovation. Previous research has found a relationship between company culture and environmental innovation. In these studies, suggestions for further research is to conduct similar studies in other countries to improve generalizability. Research further shows that there is a mutual connection between the national culture and the corporate culture in a country, where the results of this study can contribute with important insights about how the relationship between corporate culture and environmental innovation relate to each other in a Swedish context. The overall purpose of the study was to analyze the importance of corporate culture for implementing environmental innovation. The overall purpose of the study is to analyze the importance of corporate culture for implementing environmental innovation. The study was conducted through a quantitative research method with a cross-sectional design as a research design. A survey that addressed relevant managers in the manufacturing and service industries was the basis for data collection. Furthermore, a factor analysis was designed to identify different corporate cultures in Sweden. Finally, logistic regression analysis was conducted to study the relationship between corporate culture and environmental innovation. If a company wants to pursue environmental product innovation, environmental service innovation and environmental process innovation, whether it is radical or incremental, it is of great importance that these companies strive for a combination of the market culture and the clan / adhocracy culture. These results are consistent with the results of previous studies and can therefore explain the relationship between company culture and environmental innovation in a broader context.

Background: During recent years, the growing attention to environmental, social, and governance factors (ESG) as a recognized sustainability performance measurement has led to that corporate participation in sustainable development as one of the main concerns among stakeholders. The Nordic countries have been outstanding leaders in terms of sustainability for years and consistently ranked excellent on ESG scores. The role of ESG and its effect on value creation has been widely discussed by academics and stakeholders, but the results differ. Purpose: This thesis aims to study the relationship between ESG scores and a firm’s performance in terms of ROE in Nordic countries between 2020 to 2022 and investigate whether investing in environmental innovation strengthens or weakens the correlation between the two variables. The study uses both stakeholder and shareholder theories to explain the results. Method: The linear regression models were conducted on data collected from Thomson Reuters Eikon’s database (2023) between 2020-2022 on 150 firm observations and 450 firm-year observations to fulfil the study's purpose. Conclusion: The findings show a significant positive relationship between ESG scores and ROE, but environmental innovation weakened this relationship. The conclusions were drawn that Nordic firms which take more value into sustainability practices, especially ESG scores, enhance their financial performance, which is supported by the stakeholder theory. But firms with higher ESG, which invest more in environmental innovation, wouldn't pay off through better financial performance in the short run. Furthermore, the results from statistical models for two dummy variables, year, and country, indicate that the relationship between ESG scores and financial performance is neither significantly affected by time nor significantly by Nordic countries.

No description available.

Comme une sorte de revers de la médaille, la fin des « Trente Glorieuses » est marquée par la reconnaissance de la problématique environnementale et les crises pétrolières des années 1970. La première grande conférence de l'ONU consacrée à l'environnement humain à Stockholm en 1972 se déroule dans contexte où scientifiques, industriels et politiques s'interrogent sur les modalités permettant de créer un nouveau modèle de société. De la croissance « vertes » en passant par la décroissance, les propositions ne manquent pas. Depuis le Sommet de la Terre de Rio en 1992, c'est du côté du changement technique, de l'innovation et des industriels que tous les regards sont rivés aujourd'hui. Seulement, la doctrine de l'innovation environnementale et les méthodes en matière d'éco-conception restent fragiles.Depuis la Révolution industrielle, le secteur des revêtements de sol résilients, ou souples, accompagne l'évolution des modes de vie au sein des habitations et représente un symbole d'une société de consommation de masse. Aux proies aux controverses, nous nous proposons de décrire comment les industriels de ce secteur gèrent et intègrent la pression environnementale ; et en particulier comment, de fait, mobilisent-ils le processus d'innovation environnementale pour résister à cette pression. / As a kind of a flipside of the coin, the end of the "Thirty Glorious Years" is marked by the recognition of environmental issues and the oil crises of the 1970s The first major UN conference dedicated to the Human Environment in Stockholm 1972 takes place in context where scientists, industrialists and politicians are questioning the methods for creating a new model of society. To The “Green Growth” to “degrowth”, proposals abound since this last decade. Since the Earth Summit in Rio in 1992, technical change, innovation and industry are the center of attention. But the doctrine of environmental innovation and methods for eco-design are still fragile.Since the Industrial Revolution, the sector of resilient floorings follows lifestyles whilst keeping its symbol of a society of mass consumption. Prey to controversies, we propose to describe how the industry manage and integrate environmental pressure; and especially how they mobilized the process of environmental innovation to withstand pressure.

Climate policy has been mainly studied with economic models that assume representative, rational agents. However, it aims at changing behavior associated with carbon-intensive goods that are often subject to bounded rationality and social preferences, such as status and imitation. Here we use a macroeconomic multi-agent model with such features to test the effect of various policies on both environmental and economic performance. The model is particularly suitable to address distributional impacts of climate policies, not only because populations of many agents are included, but also as these are composed of different classes of households driven by specific motivations. We simulate various policy scenarios, combining in different ways a carbon tax, a reduction of labor taxes, subsidies for green innovation, a price subsidy to consumers for less carbon-intensive products, and green government procurement. The results show pronounced differences with those obtained by rational-agent model studies. It turns out that demand-oriented subsidies lead to lower unemployment and higher output, but perform less well in terms of carbon emissions. The supply-oriented subsidy for green innovation results in a significant reduction of carbon emissions with a slight reduction of unemployment. / Series: WWWforEurope

Submitted by William Justo Figueiro (williamjf) on 2015-07-17T22:32:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 32c.pdf: 855427 bytes, checksum: c33553f96e2f8bb4244578c0bb4553f9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-17T22:32:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 32c.pdf: 855427 bytes, checksum: c33553f96e2f8bb4244578c0bb4553f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-23 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A presente tese aborda a cooperação entre universidade, empresa e governo na promoção de ambientes de inovação em parques científicos e tecnológicos. As evidências teóricas sobre as influências da troca de informações e de conhecimentos entre as empresas e instituições em um ambiente de inovação conduziu este estudo. Desse modo, o estudo tem como objetivo propor um esquema conceitual que possibilite compreender os elementos envolvidos na promoção de ambientes de inovação em parques científicos e tecnológicos, a partir da dinâmica de cooperação entre universidade, empresa e governo. Partindo da investigação empírica procurou-se elaborar um esquema conceitual para auxiliar a compreensão do ambiente de inovação. A pesquisa utilizou a estratégia de estudo de casos múltiplos, sendo realizada através de entrevistas em profundidade com os gestores das empresas e das instituições envolvidas no Tecnosinos (Brasil) e no Taguspark (Portugal). Dentre as principais conclusões da pesquisa são sintetizadas as seguintes evidências teóricas: a) os fatores determinantes de necessidade, reciprocidade e legitimidade influenciam a formação de uma relação interorganizacional; b) a coerência entre os objetivos individuais e coletivos, a interação entre as organizações e os mecanismos de coordenação influenciam a cooperação interorganizacional; c) a cooperação interorganizacional, os efeitos da proximidade geográfica, as infraestruturas e os serviços, a universidade, o governo e o capital de risco são elementos envolvidos na promoção de ambientes de inovação e influenciam os ganhos coletivos em um contexto de parque científico e tecnológico. Em resumo, as evidências da pesquisa indicam que as contingências, os atributos e a cooperação, os efeitos da proximidade geográfica, as infraestruturas e os serviços, a universidade, o governo e o capital de risco incluídos no esquema conceitual correspondem aos principais elementos envolvidos no ambiente de inovação em parques científicos e tecnológicos. / This thesis deals with the cooperation between universities, companies and government in the promotion of innovation environments in science and technology parks. The theoretical evidence on the influence of the exchange of information and knowledge between companies and institutions in an environment of innovation led this study. In this way, the study aims to propose a conceptual scheme that allows the understanding of the elements involved in the promotion of innovation environments in scientific and technological parks, from the dynamic of cooperation among universities, business and government. Based on the empirical research, we sought to establish a conceptual scheme to assist the understanding of the innovation environment. The research used the strategy of multiple case study, being conducted through in-depth interviews with managers of companies and institutions involved in Tecnosinos (Brazil) and Taguspark (Portugal). Among the main conclusions of the research are summarized the following theoretical evidences: a) determinant factors of necessity, reciprocity and legitimacy influence the formation of an interorganizational relationship in the context of scientific and technological park; b) consistency between the individual and collective goals, the interaction between the organization and the coordination mechanisms influence the interorganizational cooperation; c) interorganizational cooperation, the effects of geographical proximity, infrastructure and services, university, government and risk capital are elements that are implicated in the promotion of innovation environments and influence collective gains in a context of science and technology park. In summary, the research's evidences indicate that the contingencies, the attributes and cooperation, the effects of geographical proximity, infrastructure and services, the university, government and risk capital included in the conceptual schema correspond to the main elements involved in the environment for innovation in scientific and technological parks.

Este estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de investigar a influência na competitividade corporativa das práticas de gestão estratégica baseadas em responsabilidade socioambiental. Buscou-se também, mais especificamente, entender as inter-relações entre as práticas de gestão de estratégia, inovação socioambiental e cadeia produtiva sustentável. Analisou-se o desempenho competitivo de forma integrada e, também, mais detalhadamente, os aspectos do desempenho competitivo no que tange a: lucratividade, custo, receita, participação no mercado e imagem. Para realização da pesquisa, fez-se uma revisão da literatura sobre: i) estratégia com responsabilidade socioambiental e competividade, participação em índices, certificações ou protocolos relativos à sustentabilidade; e ii) sustentabilidade e impacto nas organizações empresariais: gestão de stakeholders, gestão da inovação socioambiental e gestão da cadeia produtiva sustentável. A pesquisa de campo desta tese compõe-se de duas etapas, sendo a primeira quantitativa e a segunda qualitativa. A primeira envolveu a análise quantitativa de 129 indústrias e a segunda caracterizou-se pela abordagem exploratória e foi efetuada por meio de um estudo de caso com três organizações. Os resultados indicaram grande número de correlações significativas entre muitas das práticas de gestão estudadas e desempenho competitivo, principalmente no quesito imagem. Quanto às práticas, as que mais se destacaram foram as iniciativas de implementação das ações que integram as práticas sustentáveis (por exemplo: inclusão de critérios sustentáveis na elaboração de novos produtos e processos, incorporação de elementos da cadeia produtiva sustentável no processo de inovação, minimização de consumo de recursos naturais como água, energia e geração de resíduos); e as relações externas (incorporação de critérios socioambientais na seleção de fornecedores e investimento de capital). O estudo empreendido, portanto, trouxe contribuição significativa ao entendimento das práticas de gestão que podem levar competitividade às empresas, além da oportunidade de aprofundamento em estudos futuros, por se tratar de tema relativamente recente na literatura. / This study was conducted with the objective to investigate the influence of strategic social and environmental responsibility management practices on corporative competitiveness. Specifically, the study aimed to understand the inter correlations among strategy management practices, social and environmental innovation and sustainable productive supply chain. Competitive performance was analyzed in an integrated way as well as divided in several aspects such as profitability, cost, sales, market participation and image. To conduct the study a literature research was performed about: i) strategy with social and environmental responsibility and competitiveness, certification, protocols and indices related to sustainability participation; and ii) sustainability aspects impact in corporate organization: stakeholder\'s management, social and environmental innovation management and management of sustainable productive supply chain. The field research of this study was conducted in two steps, first step was quantitative and second step was qualitative. The first quantitative step involved the analysis of 129 industries and the second qualitative step involved an exploratory approach with three case studies. The results indicated a considerable number of significative correlations among management practices studied and competitive performance, mainly on competitvive performance through company image. The most relevant practices evaluated were the initiatives related to actions implementation which integrate the sustainable practices (such as: inclusion of sustainable criteria in the development of new product and process, incorporation of existent supply chain elements in the innovation process, consumption reduction of water, energy and scrap generation reduction) and external relations (such as inclusion of social and environmental criterias to select suppliers and to define capital investment). In this way, the study brought significant contribution to better understand the management practices which can drive to companies competitiveness and bring the opportunity to conduct deep dive studies in some specific practices, as this a relative new topic of study in the literature.

Questo lavoro esamina la relazione tra politiche ambientali ed eco-innovazione, discutendo i contributi teorici sull'argomento e i risultati delle analisi di valutazione ex-post degli effetti di politiche ambientali in contesti diversi. Si applica l'analisi degli effetti indotti d'innovazione ambientale al caso dell'emission trading europeo, il sistema di scambio dei permessi d'emissione d'anidride carbonica introdotto in Europa (Eu ets) con la direttiva 2007/83 nel 2005. Si esamina la configurazione dell'euts, il suo scostamento da un sistema ideale di permessi in grado di fornire il massimo incentivo all'innovazione, la performance del primo biennio di applicazione, confrontando emissioni allocate e verificate. Si analizza la risposta dell'industria cartaria italiana all'emission trading, attraverso lo sviluppo di un caso di studio che utilizza i risultati di un questionario sottoposto agli impianti cartari nel maggio 2007 e una serie d'interviste a operatori del settore. / This works examines the effects of environmental policies on the eco-innovation process. The theories analyzing the relationship between environmental policy intervention, the choice of instruments, their role as innovation drivers are discussed and a great number of ex-post empirical analysis of the effects of policy intervention on the environmental innovation process are evaluated. The analysis of the effects of environmental policies and innovation is applied to the case of the European union emission trading scheme (EU ETS). EU ets was introduced by directive 2003/87/ec and is the cornerstone of the European climate policy. The design of EU ets and its application during the period 2005-2007 are examined. The response of the Italian paper industry to the introduction of EU ets and its innovation effects are examined through the development of a case study, based on the results of a questionnaire submitted to the Italian paper plants subjected to EU ets.