Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2001. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

<p>The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how a multi-national company can adapt its business marketing strategy to emerging markets.</p><p>The research approach of the thesis was a case study of CCI in Turkey and Kazakhstan to see how the company can adapt it international business marketing strategy to conditions of local market.</p><p>The study was done by identifying of the current situation on the emerging markets and the company and by describing external environment and institutional factors within emerging markets. Analysis of current elements of international business marketing strategy and environmental factors that have affected it was done by applying theoretical framework to the case study. The last step was to give recomendations for the company to adapt or standart international business marketing strategy and importance of analyze external enviromental factors for the international business marketing strategy for the emerging markets. Data for the thesis was collected from primary sources through interviews and secondary data through company’s presentations and articles, internet sources.</p><p>The study showed that CCI enters each new market with standard brand portfolio tries to make adaptations of promotion and communication strategies to conductions of local market and to get external fit which will bring competitive and societal advantages for CCI on those markets where company operates. We have identified number of external environmental factors in Kazakhstan that have a certain influence on CCI’s operations. Economical situation has largely affected CCI’s operations and activities in Kazakhstan. This factor directly affects consumption level and purchasing power and behavior of local consumers. The legislation has obviously affected the company as well, resulting in local production. Cultural issues are also influenced CCI operations in Kazakhstan. That expressed through difference in consumption preferences of local consumers, which were directed aside traditional drinks.</p><p>In the end of the thesis some recommendations are given. Among the most important are – to balance between standart brand portfolio and adapt communication and distribution strategies accorging local enviromental factors; to identify which environmental factors can affect the company, which will require adjustments, and which can be influenced by the company; to effort developing personal relationship with customers, distributors, retailers in order to increase the competitive advantage and gain an increased loyalty among them.</p>

Includes CD-ROM inside back cover of volume 2. Bibliography: p. 178-222. Aims to identify current risk factors for asthma and to determine which of these factors, at the population level, is associated with asthma prevalence in children in South Australia. In addition, modelling techniques are used to determine which factors are significant predictors of asthma prevalence in 4 to 5 year old children in S.A. Study results show that at the population level, 9 risk factors are significantly associated with lifetime prevalence and 24 factors with period prevalence. Study findings are generally consistent with existing literature.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-01-05T12:21:55Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) carlos_eduardo_siste.pdf: 2342029 bytes, checksum: d1a2de6bf9a87c3607728cf94c8891d7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-01-31T14:14:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) carlos_eduardo_siste.pdf: 2342029 bytes, checksum: d1a2de6bf9a87c3607728cf94c8891d7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-31T14:14:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) carlos_eduardo_siste.pdf: 2342029 bytes, checksum: d1a2de6bf9a87c3607728cf94c8891d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / A esquistossomose mansoni ? uma doen?a tropical negligenciada afetando anualmente milh?es de pessoas em todo mundo. ? provocada pelo parasito Schistosoma mansoni que, al?m do hospedeiro definitivo, depende do ambiente aqu?tico e de caramujos do g?nero Biomphalaria como hospedeiro intermedi?rio para completar seu ciclo biol?gico. De uma forma geral, sua ocorr?ncia est? associada a grupos sociais vulner?veis vivendo em ?reas deficit?rias em servi?os de saneamento ambiental e a padr?es de comportamento da popula??o. Al?m disso, altera??es promovidas no ambiente por atividades humanas em diferentes contextos, sobretudo aquelas que afetam diretamente as cole??es h?dricas podem favorecer a instala??o ou manuten??o de focos da doen?a. Desta forma, o presente estudo objetivou analisar os fatores ambientais e sociais associados ? din?mica de ocorr?ncia da esquistossomose no munic?pio de Serro, estado de Minas Gerais. Para tanto, conduziu-se estudo epidemiol?gico, de car?ter descritivo e quantitativo dos casos de esquistossomose ocorridos no per?odo 2010-2014, a partir de dados levantados junto ao Programa de Controle da Esquistossomose de Serro e de entrevistas com a popula??o. Foram identificados 352 casos diagnosticados no per?odo considerado, dentre os quais 104 participaram das entrevistas. Da popula??o total afetada, observou-se ser esta predominantemente masculina (62,78%), em idade economicamente ativa de 15-59 anos (80,1%), com ensino fundamental incompleto (52,8%) e residindo na ?rea rural (81,5%). Dentre os entrevistados, a maioria era natural do pr?prio munic?pio (84,7%), morando na atual resid?ncia h? mais de 20 anos (70%) na qual convivem de 3-6 pessoas (65,4%). A principal forma de ocupa??o s?o as atividades agropecu?rias (48,1%), com a maioria mantendo h?bito regular de fazer exames e consultas m?dicas (62,5%). A maior parte faz uso de ?gua proveniente de nascentes (56,7%) e consideram a ?gua consumida nas casas de boa qualidade (86,5%). A maioria das moradias possui banheiro com vaso sanit?rio (79,8%) destinando o esgoto para fossas secas no quintal ou rede de esgoto da rua (73,1%). ? expressivo o n?mero daqueles que declararam frequentar semanal (90,4%) ou quinzenalmente (79,7%) rios, ribeir?es e c?rregos (74,5%), cachoeiras (13,8%) e a?udes (9,6%) na regi?o, na maioria das vezes mantendo contato com as ?guas para pescar (55,3%), nadar (56,6%) e fazer travessia de caminho (41,5%). A maioria dos entrevistados declarou ter alguma informa??o sobre a doen?a antes de ser diagnosticado infectado (81,7%) e 62,5% n?o retornaram aos servi?os de sa?de para realizar o exame ap?s tratamento medicamentoso. A distribui??o da esquistossomose no munic?pio de Serro esteve significativamente agregada na por??o leste do munic?pio, em ?reas com menor varia??o na eleva??o e declividade, maiores ?ndice de vegeta??o e umidade, associada a ?reas com maior propor??o de domic?lios cujo esgotamento sanit?rio ocorria diretamente em cursos d??gua. Observou-se, ainda, que o maior n?mero de casos da doen?a ocorreu em localidades drenadas por rios da bacia hidrogr?fica do Rio Doce. Diante das particularidades apresentadas na extens?o do munic?pio, principalmente em rela??o ? espacializa??o da doen?a entre as duas grandes bacias hidrogr?ficas do munic?pio (Jequitinhonha e Rio Doce), as informa??es apresentadas podem contribuir para o direcionamento das a??es de controle na escala municipal, seja por meio de estrutura??o sanit?ria e ambiental, ou por meio de orienta??es quanto ao comportamento e exposi??o ?s cole??es h?dricas eventualmente contaminadas por parte da popula??o. / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Sa?de, Sociedade e Ambiente, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016. / Schistosomiasis is an neglected tropical disease that affects annually millions of people worldwide. It is caused by Schistosoma mansoni worm that besides the definitive host, depends on the aquatic environment and on the Biomphalaria snails as an intermediate host to complete its life cycle. In general, its occurrence is associated with vulnerable groups living in areas where the environmental sanitation services are deficient and also associated to the population behavior patterns. In addition, changes introduced into the environment by human activities in different contexts, especially those that directly affect the water sources may promote the installation or maintenance of the disease outbreaks. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the environmental and social factors associated with the dynamics of Schistosomiasis occurrence in the city of Serro, Minas Gerais. For this it was conducted an epidemiological study, descriptive and quantitative of the Schistosomiasis cases occurred in the period 2010- 2014, from the data collected by the Schistosomiasis Control Program of Serro and interviews with the population. It was identified 352 diagnosed cases in the considered period, among which 104 participated in the interviews. Considering the total affected population, it was observed the predominance of men (62.78%), in work age of 15-59 years old (80.1%), with incomplete primary education (52.8%) and living in rural areas (81.5%). Among the respondents, most were natural of the municipality (84.7%), living at the current residence for more than 20 years (70%) living together with 3-6 people (65.4%). The main form of occupation is agricultural activities (48.1%), and most of them maintain regular habits of doing exams and having medical appointments (62.5%). Most of the respondents makes use of water coming from springs (56.7%) and consider the water consumed in their houses of good quality (86.5%). Most of the houses have bathroom with toilet (79.8%) intended for dry sewage tanks in the yard or street sewer network (73.1%). It is significant the number of those who reported that go to weekly (90.4%)or once every two weeks (79.7%) rivers, brooks and streams (74.5%), waterfalls (13.8%) and dams (9.6%) in the region, most of the time having contact with the water to fish (55.3%), to swimming (56.6%) and to crossing the path (41.5%). Most respondents claimed to have some information about the disease before being diagnosed infected (81.7%) and 62.5% did not return to health services for the exam after drug treatment. The distribution of Schistosomiasis in Serro municipality was significantly aggregated in the eastern portion of the city, in areas with less variation in elevation and slope, the largest index of vegetation and moisture associated with areas with the highest proportion of households where the sewage occurred directly into the watercourses. It was also noted that the highest number of cases of the disease occurred in places drained by rivers of the Rio Doce basin. Given the particularities presented at the county extension, especially in relation to the spatial distribution of the disease between two large municipal watersheds (Jequitinhonha and Rio Doce), the information presented may contribute to the guidance of the control actions on municipal level, either through health and environmental structuring, or through guidelines on the behavior and exposure to possibly contaminated water sources by the population.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-12-22T18:41:31Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) diane_aparecida_oliveira_menezes.pdf: 4823131 bytes, checksum: 155819e1530adffc72630572a999ebdd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-01-03T12:30:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) diane_aparecida_oliveira_menezes.pdf: 4823131 bytes, checksum: 155819e1530adffc72630572a999ebdd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-03T12:30:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) diane_aparecida_oliveira_menezes.pdf: 4823131 bytes, checksum: 155819e1530adffc72630572a999ebdd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Visando conhecer os aspectos epidemiol?gicos da dengue nos munic?pios de Buritizeiro - MG e Pirapora - MG, que comp?em a Regi?o de Sa?de de Pirapora/MG, realizou-se um estudo de distribui??o da doen?a na popula??o. Os dados foram analisados mediante a utiliza??o das informa??es dispon?veis no Sistema de Informa??o de Agravos de Notifica??o (SINAN), Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat?stica (IBGE), Empresa de Assist?ncia T?cnica e Extens?o Rural do Estado Minas Gerais (EMATER) e Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET). O estudo apresentou como objetivo geral tra?ar o perfil epidemiol?gico da dengue nos munic?pios de Buritizeiro - MG e Pirapora - MG, entre os anos de 2012 a 2015. Os objetivos espec?ficos foram: a) Investigar a incid?ncia de dengue nos munic?pios de Buritizeiro - MG e Pirapora - MG, entre os anos de 2012 a 2015; b) Quantificar os casos confirmados de dengue nos munic?pios segundo faixa et?ria, ra?a/cor, sexo e escolaridade; c) Verificar a distribui??o espacial dos casos de dengue nos munic?pios, comparando com dados de vari?veis ambientais; d) Conhecer o funcionamento estrutural dos munic?pios no que diz respeito ao enfrentamento da dengue, mediante an?lises dos Planos de Conting?ncia para o Controle da Dengue; e) Subsidiar as secretarias de sa?de dos munic?pios de Buritizeiro - MG e Pirapora - MG com informa??es ajustadas sobre a dengue. ? um estudo quantitativo, longitudinal, com an?lises descritivas e explorat?rias, com dados retrospectivos. No munic?pio de Buritizeiro - MG foram notificados 1.801 casos de dengue e confirmados 641, sendo o maior n?mero em indiv?duos pardos, do sexo feminino, com escolaridade ensino m?dio completo. J? no munic?pio de Pirapora - MG foram notificados 3.267casos e confirmados 1.977, sendo o maior n?mero em indiv?duos do sexo feminino, pardos, com escolaridade ensino m?dio completo. A infec??o ocorreu em todas as faixas et?rias, sendo mais frequentes em indiv?duos de 20 a 49 anos de idade. Os munic?pios de Buritizeiro - MG e Pirapora - MG apresentaram incid?ncias vari?veis durante o per?odo do estudo. O ?ndice de Moran n?o mostrou evid?ncias de agrega??o espacial (I = - 0,018 p = 0,421). A an?lise da incid?ncia da dengue em rela??o ?s ambientais n?o evidenciou correla??o estatisticamente significativa para qualquer das vari?veis (temperatura m?dia diurna: r = - 0,0591, p = 0,7268; temperatura m?dia noturna: r = 0,2126, p = 0,1938; NDVI: r = 0,0219, p = 0,8949). O presente estudo servir? de base para elabora??o de pol?ticas p?blicas regionalizadas visando ? conten??o da dengue na Regi?o de Sa?de de Pirapora, Minas Gerais. / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Sa?de, Sociedade e Ambiente, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / Aiming to know the epidemiological aspects of dengue in the municipalities of Buritizeiro - MG and Pirapora - MG, which compose the Region of Health of Pirapora / MG, a study of the distribution of the disease in the population was carried out. Data was analyzed using the information available in the Notification of Injury Information System (SINAN), Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), Technical Assistance and Rural Extension Company of the State of Minas Gerais (EMATER) and the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET). The objective of the study was to establish the epidemiological profile of dengue in the municipalities of Buritizeiro - MG and Pirapora - MG between the years of 2012 and 2015. The specific objectives were: a) To investigate the incidence of dengue in the municipalities of Buritizeiro - MG and Pirapora - MG, between the years of 2012 to 2015; B) To quantify the confirmed cases of dengue in the municipalities according to age, race/color, sex and education; C) To verify the spatial distribution of the dengue cases in the municipalities, comparing with data of environmental variables; D) To know the structural functioning of the municipalities with regard to coping with dengue, through analysis of Contingency Plans for Dengue Control; E) Subsidize the health secretariats of the municipalities of Buritizeiro - MG and Pirapora - MG with adjusted information on dengue. It is a longitudinal, quantitative study with descriptive and exploratory analyzes, with retrospective data. In the municipality of Buritizeiro - MG, 1,801 cases of dengue fever were reported and 641 confirmed cases, the highest number in mixedrace individuals, females, with a high school education. In the municipality of Pirapora - MG, 3,267 cases were reported and 1,977 confirmed, with the highest number in females, pardos, with a high school education. The infection occurred in all age groups, being more frequent in individuals from 20 to 49 years of age. The municipalities of Buritizeiro - MG and Pirapora - MG presented variable incidences during the study period. The Moran index did not show evidence of spatial aggregation (I = - 0.018 p = 0.421). Dengue incidence was not statistically significant for any of the variables (mean daytime temperature: r = -0.0591, p = 0.7268, mean night temperature: r = 0.2126, p = 0, 1938; NDVI: r = 0.0219, p = 0.8949). The present study will serve as a basis for the elaboration of regionalized public policies aiming at the containment of dengue in the Health Region of Pirapora, Minas Gerais.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-01-04T15:35:22Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) diane_aparecida_oliveira_menezes.pdf: 4823131 bytes, checksum: 155819e1530adffc72630572a999ebdd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-01-19T16:44:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) diane_aparecida_oliveira_menezes.pdf: 4823131 bytes, checksum: 155819e1530adffc72630572a999ebdd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-19T16:44:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) diane_aparecida_oliveira_menezes.pdf: 4823131 bytes, checksum: 155819e1530adffc72630572a999ebdd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Visando conhecer os aspectos epidemiol?gicos da dengue nos munic?pios de Buritizeiro - MG e Pirapora - MG, que comp?em a Regi?o de Sa?de de Pirapora/MG, realizou-se um estudo de distribui??o da doen?a na popula??o. Os dados foram analisados mediante a utiliza??o das informa??es dispon?veis no Sistema de Informa??o de Agravos de Notifica??o (SINAN), Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat?stica (IBGE), Empresa de Assist?ncia T?cnica e Extens?o Rural do Estado Minas Gerais (EMATER) e Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET). O estudo apresentou como objetivo geral tra?ar o perfil epidemiol?gico da dengue nos munic?pios de Buritizeiro - MG e Pirapora - MG, entre os anos de 2012 a 2015. Os objetivos espec?ficos foram: a) Investigar a incid?ncia de dengue nos munic?pios de Buritizeiro - MG e Pirapora - MG, entre os anos de 2012 a 2015; b) Quantificar os casos confirmados de dengue nos munic?pios segundo faixa et?ria, ra?a/cor, sexo e escolaridade; c) Verificar a distribui??o espacial dos casos de dengue nos munic?pios, comparando com dados de vari?veis ambientais; d) Conhecer o funcionamento estrutural dos munic?pios no que diz respeito ao enfrentamento da dengue, mediante an?lises dos Planos de Conting?ncia para o Controle da Dengue; e) Subsidiar as secretarias de sa?de dos munic?pios de Buritizeiro - MG e Pirapora - MG com informa??es ajustadas sobre a dengue. ? um estudo quantitativo, longitudinal, com an?lises descritivas e explorat?rias, com dados retrospectivos. No munic?pio de Buritizeiro - MG foram notificados 1.801 casos de dengue e confirmados 641, sendo o maior n?mero em indiv?duos pardos, do sexo feminino, com escolaridade ensino m?dio completo. J? no munic?pio de Pirapora - MG foram notificados 3.267casos e confirmados 1.977, sendo o maior n?mero em indiv?duos do sexo feminino, pardos, com escolaridade ensino m?dio completo. A infec??o ocorreu em todas as faixas et?rias, sendo mais frequentes em indiv?duos de 20 a 49 anos de idade. Os munic?pios de Buritizeiro - MG e Pirapora - MG apresentaram incid?ncias vari?veis durante o per?odo do estudo. O ?ndice de Moran n?o mostrou evid?ncias de agrega??o espacial (I = - 0,018 p = 0,421). A an?lise da incid?ncia da dengue em rela??o ?s ambientais n?o evidenciou correla??o estatisticamente significativa para qualquer das vari?veis (temperatura m?dia diurna: r = - 0,0591, p = 0,7268; temperatura m?dia noturna: r = 0,2126, p = 0,1938; NDVI: r = 0,0219, p = 0,8949). O presente estudo servir? de base para elabora??o de pol?ticas p?blicas regionalizadas visando ? conten??o da dengue na Regi?o de Sa?de de Pirapora, Minas Gerais. / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Sa?de, Sociedade e Ambiente, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / Aiming to know the epidemiological aspects of dengue in the municipalities of Buritizeiro - MG and Pirapora - MG, which compose the Region of Health of Pirapora / MG, a study of the distribution of the disease in the population was carried out. Data was analyzed using the information available in the Notification of Injury Information System (SINAN), Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), Technical Assistance and Rural Extension Company of the State of Minas Gerais (EMATER) and the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET). The objective of the study was to establish the epidemiological profile of dengue in the municipalities of Buritizeiro - MG and Pirapora - MG between the years of 2012 and 2015. The specific objectives were: a) To investigate the incidence of dengue in the municipalities of Buritizeiro - MG and Pirapora - MG, between the years of 2012 to 2015; B) To quantify the confirmed cases of dengue in the municipalities according to age, race/color, sex and education; C) To verify the spatial distribution of the dengue cases in the municipalities, comparing with data of environmental variables; D) To know the structural functioning of the municipalities with regard to coping with dengue, through analysis of Contingency Plans for Dengue Control; E) Subsidize the health secretariats of the municipalities of Buritizeiro - MG and Pirapora - MG with adjusted information on dengue. It is a longitudinal, quantitative study with descriptive and exploratory analyzes, with retrospective data. In the municipality of Buritizeiro - MG, 1,801 cases of dengue fever were reported and 641 confirmed cases, the highest number in mixedrace individuals, females, with a high school education. In the municipality of Pirapora - MG, 3,267 cases were reported and 1,977 confirmed, with the highest number in females, pardos, with a high school education. The infection occurred in all age groups, being more frequent in individuals from 20 to 49 years of age. The municipalities of Buritizeiro - MG and Pirapora - MG presented variable incidences during the study period. The Moran index did not show evidence of spatial aggregation (I = - 0.018 p = 0.421). Dengue incidence was not statistically significant for any of the variables (mean daytime temperature: r = -0.0591, p = 0.7268, mean night temperature: r = 0.2126, p = 0, 1938; NDVI: r = 0.0219, p = 0.8949). The present study will serve as a basis for the elaboration of regionalized public policies aiming at the containment of dengue in the Health Region of Pirapora, Minas Gerais.

Aim: The purpose of this research is to develop an in-depth understanding on the environmental factors that influence the internationalization of SMEs in an emerging African market environment. Methods: The study was conducted by using a qualitative research design. To fulfil the purpose of this research, the researchers adopted the use of a single case study to explain the different aspects of the topic being studied within the emerging market context. The research was supported with primary data obtained directly from the company through interviews and also with secondary data in order to support and compare the results obtained from this research. Results were analyzed using thematic analysis with the use of the NVivo software to represent data collected. Results: The main findings of this research indicate the internationalization process of financial SMEs in an African country like Ghana is heavily influenced by the socio-cultural factors in their home market environment and the technological factors in their host markets. Again, it was realized that the internal resources of the firm, particularly the competitive advantage, remained highly relevant and influential in the internationalization process on both markets. Furthermore, it was found that the internationalization process was not only influenced by the firm’s resources or the environmental factors but also by the firm’s organizational internal processes, international activities, level of foreign experiences and firm identity. Conclusions: Environmental factors have both positive and negative influence on the internationalization process of financial SMEs in an emerging economy like Ghana. Some factors have more impact on the home market than on the host market and vice versa. In addition, the internationalization process of financial SMEs in Ghana can mostly be initiated and successful when the firm has a market gap or foothold strong enough to sustain competitive advantage in the long run on both host and home markets. More importantly, this unique edge must be buttressed by ample firm resources.

The variation of marine environmental factors modulates environmental seasonality and influence on diversity, fish catchability and that is directly related to yield in from fisheries. There is important to define patterns of variations to ensure the maintenance of stocks. Thus, the objective was to test if the seasonal pattern of rainfall and wind influences in structure of fish assemblages in tropical coastal and yield in gillnet fishing bottom. For this there were three samples during the rainy season and three in the dry season. It has been calculated: 1. Species and specimens number per net bid; 2. Average length per species per bid; 3.Catch per net bid; 4.CPUE with standardized effort: weight (Kg) / (net 1330 m * net bid hr); 5. Average wind speed (average of 6 hours per day: 3 hr per bid + 2 hr before + 2 hr after) (m/s); 6. Monthly precipitation sum (mm). The diversity was analyzed by abundance Whittaker curves, diversity profiles and Shannon index. Was used Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to analyze the relationship of more abundant species with environmental variables. Were collected 2.373 fish belonging to 73 species of 34 families, of whom 20 frequent and abundant species. The Whittker diagram indicated the rainy season as richer and more equitable than the dry season. The diversity profiles indicated that the rainy season was slightly more diverse than the dry season, even Student t-test for the diversity of Shannon did not detect significant differences between seasons. The univariate ANOVA showed a significant difference to factor weather station, with the rainy season having the highest average observed values. The factorial ANOVA indicated a significant difference for rainfall only. The chi-square (X2) indicated that winds of the northeast quadrant (NE) predominated in the dry season and the southeast quadrant (SE) in the rainy season. The PCA indicated the formation of three species groups, a group mainly related to wind speed, rainfall with another group and a separate one, a separate one with the largest number of species and varied environments. Thus, it was concluded that the seasonal pattern of rainfall and wind modulate the structure of assemblies of fish and fishery yields, with bottom gill net in tropical areas. Emphasizes that rainfall strongly affects the salinity and turbidity in coastal water. Thus, we suggest the analysis of salinity and turbity as complementary studies to assess the impact of environmental variations on the ichthyofauna structure. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A variação de fatores ambientais marinhos modula a sazonalidade do ambiente, influencia na diversidade, na capturabilidade dos peixes e está diretamente relacionada com o rendimento das pescarias. É importante que se definam padrões de variação a fim de garantir a manutenção dos estoques. Dessa forma, objetivou-se testar se o padrão sazonal de pluviosidade e de ventos influencia na estrutura das assembleias de peixes tropicais costeiros e no rendimento na pesca com rede de emalhe de fundo. Para isso, foram realizadas três coletas na estação chuvosa e três na estação seca. Calculou-se: 1. Número de espécies e de exemplares capturados por lance; 2. Comprimento médio por espécie por lance; 3. Captura por lance (Kg); 4. CPUE com esforço padronizado em: peso (Kg) / (1330m de rede * hr de lance); 5. Velocidade média do vento (média de 6 horas diárias: 2h antes + 3h durante o lance + 1h depois) (m/s); 6. Soma da precipitação mensal (mm). A diversidade foi analisada por curvas de abundância de Whittaker, perfis de diversidade e o índice de Shannon-Wienner. Utilizou-se Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP) para analisar a relação das espécies mais abundantes com as variáveis ambientais. Foram coletados 2.373 peixes pertencentes a 73 espécies de 34 famílias, sendo 20 espécies frequentes e abundantes. O diagrama de Whittaker indicou a estação chuvosa como mais rica e mais equitativa que a estação seca. Os perfis de diversidade indicaram uma tendência de a estação chuvosa apresentar maior diversidade, mesmo o teste t de Student para a diversidade de Shannon não tendo detectado diferença significativa entre as estações. A ANOVA simples indicou que as variáveis: número de espécies, número de peixes, CPUE e comprimento médio foram maiores na estação chuvosa do que na estação seca. A ANOVA dupla indicou diferença significativa para pluviosidade e não para velocidade do vento. Os ventos do quadrante nordeste predominaram na estação seca e os do quadrante sudeste na estação chuvosa. A ACP indicou a formação de três grupos de espécies, um relacionado principalmente com velocidade do vento, outro grupo com a pluviosidade e outro separado, com maior número de espécies e ambientes variados. Assim, concluiu-se que o padrão sazonal de pluviosidade e de ventos modulam a estrutura das assembleias de peixes e o rendimento pesqueiro, com rede de emalhe de fundo em áreas tropicais. Enfatiza-se que a pluviosidade afeta intensamente a salinidade e turbidez em águas costeiras. Dessa forma, sugere-se a realização de análises de salinidade e turbidez como estudos complementares para avaliar o impacto de variações ambientais sobre a estrutura de comunidades ictíicas.

Doctor of Philosophy / Food Science Institute / Channa B. Rajashekar / Weiqun Wang / As health-promoting agents, phytochemicals are biosynthesized in the plants that typically respond to environmental stresses. This study focused on the analysis of phytochemical contents in vegetables in response to environmental changes of high tunnel and light spectra. A potential anticancer activity was further studied by developing a novel 3D cell culture model. Three specific studies were conducted as follows. Study 1: High tunnel production has been applied in mid-west for many years due to the advantages of extending growing season and increasing crop yield. Previous studies, however, showed high tunnel resulted in reduction of phenolic contents in vegetables. Therefore, the first study was to confirm the effect of high tunnel on phenolic contents in two varieties of lettuce (‘Two Star’ and ‘Red Fire’) and carotenoid contents in two varieties of tomatoes (‘Mountain Fresh’ and ‘Celebrity’). Phenolics in lettuce and carotenoids in tomato were isolated and quantitated, respectively, by HPLC. High tunnel resulted in a significant reduction of phenolic contents in ‘Two Star’ but not in ‘Red Fire’ lettuce when compared with open field. A significant decrease of carotenoid contents in ‘Celebrity’ but not in ‘Mountain Fresh’ tomato was also observed. Therefore, this study confirmed that high tunnel application reduced phenolic or carotenoid contents in one of the two lettuce or tomato varieties, suggesting the effect of high tunnel production is variable and genotype specific. Study 2: Light is an important environmental factor influenced not only photosynthesis but also phenolic biosynthesis in vegetables. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of supplemental light spectra including red, far-red, and blue light on phenolic contents in two varieties of lettuce (green-leaf variety ‘Two Star’ and red-leaf variety ‘Red Fire’) and two varieties of spinach (‘Avon’ and ‘Bloomsdale’). The phenolics were extracted and quantitated by HPLC. Far-red and blue light but not red light resulted in an increase of phenolic contents in ‘Two Star’ lettuce. In ‘Red Fire’ lettuce, a significant increase in phenolic contents were observed when exposed to red light, while far-red and blue light reduced phenolic contents. Supplemental lighting did not alter flavonoid contents in two varieties of spinach. Taking together, the results showed that supplemental lighting and its spectral quality had significant effect on the phytochemical contents of lettuce but not spinach, and the impact varied depending upon the variety or species. Study 3: Traditionally, cancer research is primarily relied on in vitro 2D monolayer cell culture and in vivo animal model studies. Given a flat 2D cell culture that usually lacks 3D microenvironmental cell-cell interaction and considering an animal model that is typically expensive and time-consumed, an alternative 3D cell culture has been promising. This pilot study was to develop a novel 3D hydrogel cell culture model of human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells or colorectal adenocarcinoma SW480 cells by treating with chlorogenic acid (CGA) at 0-40 μM. The results showed both HepG2 and SW480 cells grew much better in 3D hydrogel culture system than 2D by extended exponential phase and high proliferation. CGA treatment resulted in a dose- and time-response inhibition of HepG2 and SW480 growth in exponential phase, while HepG2 cells were more susceptible than SW480 cells. Establishment of this novel 3D hydrogel culture model for future phytochemical function may bridge the gap between 2D cell culture and in vivo animal model studies. Taken together, this dissertation of three studies focused on phytochemicals from quantitation analysis in vegetables in response to environmental factors of high tunnel and light spectra to a novel 3D hydrogel cell culture development for potential phytochemical anti-cancer function. The conclusions, i.e., (1). high tunnel application reduced phenolic or carotenoid contents in special genotype of lettuce or tomato varieties; (2). lighting and its spectral quality had significant effect on the phytochemical contents of lettuce but not spinach; (3). establishment of a novel 3D hydrogel culture model for phytochemical treatment may bridge the gap between 2D cell culture and in vivo animal model studies, could be of particular significance in health-promoting phytochemical research and functional food application. Study 1: High tunnel production has been applied in mid-west for many years due to the advantages of extending growing season and increasing crop yield. Previous studies, however, showed high tunnel resulted in reduction of phenolic contents in vegetables. Therefore, the first study was to confirm the effect of high tunnel on phenolic contents in two varieties of lettuce (‘Two Star’ and ‘Red Fire’) and carotenoid contents in two varieties of tomatoes (‘Mountain Fresh’ and ‘Celebrity’). Phenolics in lettuce and carotenoids in tomato were isolated and quantitated, respectively, by HPLC. High tunnel resulted in a significant reduction of phenolic contents in ‘Two Star’ but not in ‘Red Fire’ lettuce when compared with open field. A significant decrease of carotenoid contents in ‘Celebrity’ but not in ‘Mountain Fresh’ tomato was also observed. Therefore, this study confirmed that high tunnel application reduced phenolic or carotenoid contents in one of the two lettuce or tomato varieties, suggesting the effect of high tunnel production is variable and genotype specific. Study 2: Light is an important environmental factor influenced not only photosynthesis but also phenolic biosynthesis in vegetables. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of supplemental light spectra including red, far-red, and blue light on phenolic contents in two varieties of lettuce (green-leaf variety ‘Two Star’ and red-leaf variety ‘Red Fire’) and two varieties of spinach (‘Avon’ and ‘Bloomsdale’). The phenolics were extracted and quantitated by HPLC. Far-red and blue light but not red light resulted in an increase of phenolic contents in ‘Two Star’ lettuce. In ‘Red Fire’ lettuce, a significant increase in phenolic contents were observed when exposed to red light, while far-red and blue light reduced phenolic contents. Supplemental lighting did not alter flavonoid contents in two varieties of spinach. Taking together, the results showed that supplemental lighting and its spectral quality had significant effect on the phytochemical contents of lettuce but not spinach, and the impact varied depending upon the variety or species. Study 3: Traditionally, cancer research is primarily relied on in vitro 2D monolayer cell culture and in vivo animal model studies. Given a flat 2D cell culture that usually lacks 3D microenvironmental cell-cell interaction and considering an animal model that is typically expensive and time-consumed, an alternative 3D cell culture has been promising. This pilot study was to develop a novel 3D hydrogel cell culture model of human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells or colorectal adenocarcinoma SW480 cells by treating with chlorogenic acid (CGA) at 0-40 M. The results showed both HepG2 and SW480 cells grew much better in 3D hydrogel culture system than 2D by extended exponential phase and high proliferation. CGA treatment resulted in a dose- and time-response inhibition of HepG2 and SW480 growth in exponential phase, while HepG2 cells were more susceptible than SW480 cells. Establishment of this novel 3D hydrogel culture model for future phytochemical function may bridge the gap between 2D cell culture and in vivo animal model studies. Taken together, this dissertation of three studies focused on phytochemicals from quantitation analysis in vegetables in response to environmental factors of high tunnel and light spectra to a novel 3D hydrogel cell culture development for potential phytochemical anti-cancer function. The conclusions, i.e., (1). high tunnel application reduced phenolic or carotenoid contents in special genotype of lettuce or tomato varieties; (2). lighting and its spectral quality had significant effect on the phytochemical contents of lettuce but not spinach; (3). establishment of a novel 3D hydrogel culture model for phytochemical treatment may bridge the gap between 2D cell culture and in vivo animal model studies, could be of particular significance in health-promoting phytochemical research and functional food application.