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Rates of prescription drug misuse in Texas are alarmingly high. One in five Texas high school students have taken prescription drugs without a doctor’s prescription. In 2015, Texas had the second highest total healthcare costs from opioid abuse in the nation ($1.96 billion), and Texas is home to four of the top 25 cities in the U.S. for opioid abuse. Meanwhile, only one in three prescribers is using the statewide Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP), leading to a massive loss of data. There is substantial need for increased infrastructure and prevention measures in Texas, especially related to the emergence of prescription drug misuse. This panel will describe the current landscape of prescription drug misuse and its consequences, discuss strategies to turn down misuse, and explain the proactive approach Texas is taking to enhance misuse prevention and data infrastructure across the state.

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<p>I många nätverk antas det att någon form av fix infrastruktur existerar och att nätverkets olika noder kan använda denna för att kommunicera med varandra. I ett ad hoc-nätverk antar man att det inte finns någon fix infrastruktur och att noderna måste använda varandra för att kunna kommunicera. Ett exempel på ett ad hoc-nätverk kan vara bärbara datorer sammankopplade med infraröda länkar under ett möte. När ad hoc-nätverket är mobilt innebär det att noderna rör sig.</p><p>I detta arbete har de tre protokollen Epidemic, GeoMean och GeoMove tillsammans med de två rörelsemodellerna Waypoint och den utökade slumpmässiga vandringen implementerats i en nyskriven simulator för denna typ av nätverk.</p><p>De två Geo-protokollen är nyutvecklade och syftar till att använda geografisk information för att underlätta kommunikationen i denna kategori av nätverk tillsammans med den nya utvidgade slumpmässiga vandringsmodellen.</p> / <p>In many networks, some kind of fix infrastructure is assumed to exist and the nodes of the network can use this infrastructure to communicate with each other. In an ad hoc network one assumes that there don't exist any kind of fix infrastructure and that the nodes must use each other to be able to communicate. One example of an ad hoc network could be laptops connected together with infrared links during a meeting. When an ad hoc network is mobile it implies that the nodes are moving.</p><p>In this work, the three protocols Epidemic, GeoMean and GeoMove together with the two mobility models Waypoint and Extended Random Walk, have been implemented in a newly written simulator for this kind of network.</p><p>The two Geo-protocols are newly developed and aim to use geographical information to aid communication in this category of networks together with the new Extended Random Walk model.</p>

I många nätverk antas det att någon form av fix infrastruktur existerar och att nätverkets olika noder kan använda denna för att kommunicera med varandra. I ett ad hoc-nätverk antar man att det inte finns någon fix infrastruktur och att noderna måste använda varandra för att kunna kommunicera. Ett exempel på ett ad hoc-nätverk kan vara bärbara datorer sammankopplade med infraröda länkar under ett möte. När ad hoc-nätverket är mobilt innebär det att noderna rör sig. I detta arbete har de tre protokollen Epidemic, GeoMean och GeoMove tillsammans med de två rörelsemodellerna Waypoint och den utökade slumpmässiga vandringen implementerats i en nyskriven simulator för denna typ av nätverk. De två Geo-protokollen är nyutvecklade och syftar till att använda geografisk information för att underlätta kommunikationen i denna kategori av nätverk tillsammans med den nya utvidgade slumpmässiga vandringsmodellen. / In many networks, some kind of fix infrastructure is assumed to exist and the nodes of the network can use this infrastructure to communicate with each other. In an ad hoc network one assumes that there don't exist any kind of fix infrastructure and that the nodes must use each other to be able to communicate. One example of an ad hoc network could be laptops connected together with infrared links during a meeting. When an ad hoc network is mobile it implies that the nodes are moving. In this work, the three protocols Epidemic, GeoMean and GeoMove together with the two mobility models Waypoint and Extended Random Walk, have been implemented in a newly written simulator for this kind of network. The two Geo-protocols are newly developed and aim to use geographical information to aid communication in this category of networks together with the new Extended Random Walk model.

This study focuses on the question of the epidemiology of resistance to antibiotics in Acinetobacter baumannii, which is nowadays one of the most problematic bacterial patho- gens associated with failing antimicrobial therapy. Its aim was to define population-genetic properties, epidemiology and the nature of multidrug resistance for a sample of the current population of A. baumannii from Czechia. A total of 55 isolates were collected in eight medi- cal facilities in central Bohemia from October 2016 to May 2018. The isolates were assessed for their identity at the species, clonal and strain levels as well as resistance phenotype and genotype; they were classified into five clonal groups, each of which encompassed isolates that were likely to be epidemiologically related. The 55 isolates studied belonged, nearly exclusively, to global clone ECII, with 53 % of them forming a genetically relatively homoge- neous group characterized by extensive resistance to antibiotics (susceptible only to col- istin), the presence of genes encoding ArmA a OXA-23 (resistance to all aminoglycosides and carbapenems) and spread in all locations. The in-depth epidemiological analysis of isolates from the city of Příbram and its vicinity indicated the regional spread of two strains, one of which belonged to the...

Influenza is a highly contagious viral disease with epidemic and pandemic spread of the character, which annually affects 10% of the world's population, in the course of a pandemic even 40-50%. The originator of the disease is a virus that is present as a type A, type B or type C. Source of infection is the man to transfer air or contaminated objects. Susceptibility is widespread. The disease predominantly affects the respiratory tract, has a sudden beginning and manifests itself primarily with fever, chills, muscle pain, joint pain and headache. The most common complication is inflammation of the lungs. In the diagnosis are rapid tests for the detection of the Antigen. Treatment is symptomatic, antivirals are available the type of neuraminidase inhibitors M2, which easily gives rise to a resistance of influenza virus. The basis for the prevention of influenza is annual vaccination, which dramatically reduces the risk of hospitalization and death, especially among the elderly and the chronically ill. Coverage in our population is low, and that despite the fact that the flu is the cause of the deaths of thousands of people around the world. A year in the Czech Republic will die according to qualified estimates the flu one to two thousand people. Due to the possible prevention of influenza, it is important to disseminate information on the possibilities of prevention by vaccination and educate the general public about the seriousness of this disease. Diploma thesis discusses influenza disease as such and on the issue of vaccination against influenza among the elderly in connection with the adoption of the NAP to increase vaccination coverage against the flu. The theoretical part summarises the commonly known knowledge on the causative agent of the disease, the way of transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, complications, treatment, and prevention by vaccination.

Submitted by Jamile Barbosa da Cruz (jamile.cruz@ucsal.br) on 2017-01-17T17:50:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO COSETE.pdf: 922415 bytes, checksum: e7926e11b5b74b6e1f8c5d5b54144e94 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rosemary Magalhães (rosemary.magalhaes@ucsal.br) on 2017-01-18T16:56:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO COSETE.pdf: 922415 bytes, checksum: e7926e11b5b74b6e1f8c5d5b54144e94 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-18T16:56:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO COSETE.pdf: 922415 bytes, checksum: e7926e11b5b74b6e1f8c5d5b54144e94 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-07 / Desde a sua descoberta em 1981, a epidemia da infecção pelo vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV) e Aids vem se mostrando como um fenômeno global, contínuo, instável e dinâmico. Em pouco tempo, essa epidemia se transformou em um grave problema de saúde pública mundial em razão dos altos índices de morbi-mortalidade. A característica epidêmica fortemente masculina dessa patologia, com a maioria das vitimas homens, tanto homossexuais quanto heterossexuais vem mudando o seu perfil, e, cada vez mais a população feminina tem sido acometida: segundo dados da UNAIDS, no mundo, as mulheres jovens representam mais de 60% de todos os jovens que vivem com HIV e na África essa taxa chega a 72%. Diante desses dados, suscitou-se ao seguinte questionamento: Será que a vulnerabilidade das mulheres relacionada ao gênero vem contribuindo com o processo de feminização do HIV/Aids no município de Salvador no estado da Bahia? A partir de então, traçou-se como objetivo geral dessa pesquisa: descrever valores, atitudes, crenças, comportamentos e contextos historico-socio-culturais que possam ter vulnerabilizado mulheres para a infecção pelo vírus HIV/Aids em Salvador, no estado da Bahia. E, como objetivos específicos: identificar com mulheres já contaminadas, no município de Salvador, valores, atitudes, crenças, comportamentos e contextos historico-socio culturais que vulnerabilizaram as mulheres ao processo de infecção ao HIV/Aids; buscar com mulheres já contaminadas sua percepção frente a contaminação pelo HIV/Aids com relação ao homem, a idade, a renda e ao bairro; examinar com mulheres contaminadas as ações de saúde que poderiam ser realizadas na intenção de minimizar o processo de feminização do HIV/Aids. A metodologia adotada foi a qualitativa, com abordagem exploratória, tendo como foco a feminização da AIDS, adotando o gênero como recorte analítico. Essa pesquisa foi desenvolvida no antigo Centro de Referencia em DST/ AIDS do Estado da Bahia (Creaids), instituição pública do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). A população foi composta por um quantitativo mínimo de 14 mulheres cadastradas no serviço, no período de 2004 (momento do início do funcionamento da unidade) a agosto de 2011. / Since its discovery in 1981, the epidemic infection by the Human Immunodeficiency vírus (HIV) and AIDS presentes itself as a continuous, dynamic, and unstable global phenomenon. In a short space of time, this epidemic became a serious worldwide public health problem due to the high rates of morbidity and mortality. This epidemic that was heavily male with most victims both heterosexual and homosexual men is increasingly female: according to data from UNAIDS, in the world, young women represent over 60% of all young people living with HIV in Africa and this rate reaches 72%. Given these data, raised to the following question: Does the vulnerability of women related to gender has contributed to the process of feminization of HIV / AIDS in the city of Salvador in Bahia? From then drew up the general objective of this research: to describe values, attitudes, beliefs, behaviors and contexts historico-socio-cultural factors that may have vulnerabilized women to HIV infection / AIDS in Salvador, state of Bahia. And, as specific objectives: to identify with women already infected, in the city of Salvador, values, attitudes, beliefs, behaviors and socio-historical contexts cultural that may have vulnerabilized women to the process of infection with HIV / AIDS; seeking women already infected with their perception against contamination by HIV / AIDS in relation to men, age, income and neighborhood; examine women infected health actions that could be undertaken in an attempt to minimize the process of feminization of HIV / AIDS. The methodology was qualitative, with exploratory, focusing on the feminization of AIDS, adopting gender as analytical approach. This research was developed in ancient Reference Center for STD / AIDS State of Bahia (CREAIDS), a public institution of the Unified Health System (SUS). The population was composed of a minimum quantity of 14 women enrolled in the service, from 2004 (the time of initial operation of the unit) to August 2011.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:35:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2430887 bytes, checksum: 46c97cae3636842e90c00b8d31b6f16a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-09 / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / The dramatic resurgence and emergence of epidemic dengue and dengue hemorragic fever in the last two decades neatly define a global pandemic. The dispersion of dengue viruses combines local infections of humans bited by infective mosquitoes inside a city with long-range transmissions to non-infective vectors that feed the blood of infected people arriving from other urban areas. In the present work a cellular automata model for dengue epidemic is proposed and investigated through large-scale computer simulations. The model takes into account the main features concerning the population dynamics of mosquitoes and humans and the disease transmission cycle. Furthermore, the model is defined on a scale-free network in which each node is a square lattice in order to properly describe the environment as urban centers interconnected through a national transportation system. A nonzero epidemic threshold is found and it is approached with a power law behavior by the density of infected individuals, as observed in the small-world network of Watts and Strogatz. Also, it is studied the importance of three parameters for the dengue spreading: the diffusivity of the mosquitoes, the probability of a mosquito bites humans, and the travel's probability of people between two interconnected cities. Finally, maps of infected individuals are obtained in order to caracterise the epidemic spreading. / O dramático ressurgimento e a emergência da epidemia de dengue e dengue hemorrágica nas últimas duas décadas claramente definem uma pandemia global. A dispersão do vírus da dengue combina infecções locais dos seres humanos picados por mosquitos infectados dentro de uma cidade com transmissões de longo alcance por vetores não-infecciosos que se alimentam do sangue de pessoas infectadas provenientes de outras zonas urbanas. No presente trabalho um modelo de autômatos celulares para epidemias de dengue é proposto e investigado através de siulação por computador, em larga escala. O modelo leva em conta as principais características relativas à dinâmica das populações de mosquitos e seres humanos e o ciclo de transmissão da doença. Além disso, o modelo é definido em uma rede livre de escala, em que cada nó é uma rede quadrada, a fim de descrever adequadamente o meio ambiente como os centros urbanos interligados através do sistema de transporte nacional. Um limiar epidêmico diferente de zero é encontrado e é aproximado com um comportamento tipo lei de potência pela densidade de indivíduos infectados, como observado na rede mundo-pequeno de Watts-Strogatz. Também, é estudada a importância de três parâmetros na dispersão da dengue: a difusividade do mosquito, a probabilidade do mosquito picar um ser humano, e a probabilidade de viagem de pessoas entre duas cidades conectadas. Por fim, mapas de indivíduos infectados são obtidos a fim de caracterizar a difusão da epidemia.