Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-01-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:43:39Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_lg_dr_jabo.pdf: 2434476 bytes, checksum: 7f35c972fe80e9df46284df3347b98ab (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A doença de Aujeszky (DA) é uma enfermidade conhecida na suinocultura pelo seu grande impacto produtivo e econômico. O Estado de São Paulo (SP) não é considerado área livre para DA, pois há evidências de circulação do vírus. Por isso, este trabalho teve como objetivo a identificação, o diagnóstico da situação epidemiológica e a avaliação de estratégias para a erradicação de focos de DA em sistema de produção de suínos no Estado de SP. Foram identificados dois focos da enfermidade no Município de Cerqueira César, um apresentou somente animais sororreagentes (Foco 1), e outro, casos clínicos da enfermidade (Foco 2). Para a erradicação da DA foram tomadas ações de defesa sanitária animal, sendo avaliadas duas estratégias: (A) eliminação de animais sororreagentes e (B) despovoamento gradual, com acompanhamento durante 12 meses. A erradicação por eliminação dos sororreagentes foi aplicada no Foco 1 e compreendeu: identificação por teste sorológico, isolamento e abate dos sororreagentes; vacinação dos negativos, reposição no plantel com animais livre de DA e avaliação dos índices produtivos. No início do estudo, 68% do plantel eram sororreagentes e, no final, 51%. No Foco 2 utilizou-se o despovoamento gradual; todos os animais foram enviados gradativamente ao abate sanitário, até que fosse estabelecido o vazio sanitário das instalações e, somente depois repovoado com animais livres da DA. Como essa última estratégia, apresentou maior eficácia, pois erradicou a DA no Foco 2, a mesma também foi aplicada no Foco 1, tendo em vista o insucesso da estratégia A inicialmente aplicada. Ao final, após monitoramentos sorológicos, concluiu-se que a DA foi erradicada em todos os focos identificados / Aujeszky´s disease (AD) is an important viral affection within the swine production, once it plays a significant role in economic losses. São Paulo state is not considered free of the disease, once evidences show that there is circulation of the virus. This study aimed to identify the epidemiologic situation and evaluation strategies for the eradication of outbreaks of AD in system of swine production in the state of Sao Paulo. Two outbreaks were identified in the Cerqueira César county, one of them only seroreagents were observed (Outbreak 1), and in the other, clinical signs were seen (Outbreak 2). In order to eradicate the disease, two sanitary strategies were tested: (A) eradication by means of positive serology and; (B) gradual depopulation, with a follow up of 12 months. The eradication by means of serology was used in the Outbreak 1, and included the identification, isolation and sacrifice of positives animals; vaccination of negative subjects, replacement with naive subjects, and assessment of production indices. At the beginning, 68% of animals were positive, and at the end 51% were positive. In Outbreak 2, gradual depopulation was employed, and all animals were sent to sanitary slaughter, until facilities were completely empty. Afterwards, animals free of the disease were used to repopulation. At the end of the study, it was observed that the last strategy was more effective, being, therefore, used in the outbreak 1. Finally, after serological monitoring, it was concluded that the AD was eradicated in all outbreaks identified

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-12-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:37:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 galdiano_lc_me_jabo.pdf: 205192 bytes, checksum: f0bd9954444531736e9a3aa83a73af4c (MD5) / Funep / O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter informações sobre o uso de diferentes produtos químicos, aplicados isolados ou em misturas, na maturação do canavial, no final da safra, na cultivar SP81-3250, em cana soca, no 5º corte do canavial. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, parcelas subdivididas, sendo os tratamentos principais constituídos pela: Testemunha, Glifosato (192 g ha-1), Trinexapaque etílico (200 g ha-1), Sulfometuron-metil (15 g ha-1), Trinexapaque etílico + Glifosato (100 g ha-1 + 96 g ha-1, respectivamente), Trinexapaque etílico + Sulfometuron-metil (100 g ha-1 + 7,5 g ha-1, respectivamente); Sulfometuronmetil + Glifosato (7,5 g ha-1 + 96 g ha-1, respectivamente), óleo fusel nas dosagens de 0,2 L ha-1; 0,4 L ha-1 e 0,8 L ha-1 e os tratamentos secundários constituíram-se das diferentes épocas de amostragens aos 30 e 15 dias pré aplicação (dpa), 0, 15, 30, 45 dias após a aplicação (daa) ocorrida em 12/10/07. Foram avaliados em cada amostragem, do caldo (Brix %, Pol %, Pureza % e Açúcar Redutor) e da cana (Fibra %, Pol %, Açúcar Teórico Recuperável (ATR)) e as Margens de Contribuição Agrícola e Industrial. Concluiu-se que a partir de 12/10/2007 (0 daa) ocorreram condições ambientais que culminaram com a redução da qualidade da matéria-prima, principalmente aos 45 daa (25/11/2007), assim, os maturadores utilizados não afetaram as variáveis tecnológicas da matéria-prima, sendo que aos 45 daa a aplicação dos produtos em mistura resultaram em melhores qualidades que a Testemunha. / This study evaluated to get information on the use of different chemical, applied products isolated or in mixtures, in the maturation of the canavial, the end of the harvest, in the variety SP81-3250 in sugarcane beats 5º cut. The experiment was arranged in randomized blocks with split split-plots, being the main treatments consisting of: Control, Gliphosate (192 g ha-1), Trinexapaque etílico (200 g ha-1), Sulfometuron-metil (15 g ha-1), Trinexapaque etílico + Gliphosate (100 g ha-1 + 96 g ha-1, respectively), Trinexapaque etílico + Sulfometuron-metil (100 g ha-1 + 7,5 g ha-1, respectively); Sulfometuron-metil + Gliphosate (7,5 g ha-1 + 96 g ha-1, respectively), fusel oil (0,2 L ha-1); fusel oil (0,4 L ha-1) and fusel oil (0,8 L ha-1) and the secondary treatments consisted of the following sample times: -30, -15, 0, 15, 30, 45 days after the application (daa) made at 2007, 10, 12. The Brix, Pol % broth and Pol % were evaluated in each sampling time. It was concluded that from 12/10/2007 (0 daa) ambient conditions had occurred resulting in raw material quality reduction, mainly at 45 daa. The chemical ripeners use had not affected the sugarcane agroindustrial parameters, 45 daa after the application of the products in mixture, the tested treatments were better than Control treatment in relation to raw matter quality.

Submitted by Maria Dulce (mdulce@ndc.uff.br) on 2014-05-16T20:24:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Mello, Juliana-Dissert-2014.pdf: 6892324 bytes, checksum: 2d27f11eeadb83bfb286e1f6be92c6c9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-16T20:24:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mello, Juliana-Dissert-2014.pdf: 6892324 bytes, checksum: 2d27f11eeadb83bfb286e1f6be92c6c9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Em 1962, o Rio de Janeiro (então Estado da Guanabara) foi palco de uma mudança radical na política urbana para as favelas. De uma prática clientelista das décadas anteriores que tolerava sua presença sem a integrar efetivamente na cidade, iniciou-se um período no qual o eixo central da intervenção estatal nas favelas passou a ser a erradicação e o deslocamento (forçado) de seus moradores para conjuntos habitacionais localizados em subúrbios distantes. Os moradores das favelas guanabarinas não assistiram passivos a preparação do cenário para o espetáculo remocionista. Ao contrário. Diante da necessidade de se organizar politicamente para resistir à anunciada política, em 12 de junho de 1963, fundam uma sociedade civil, a Federação das Associações de Favelas do Estado da Guanabara (FAFEG). Constituída por moradores de favelas, a FAFEG atuou ativamente em defesa da urbanização. Esta dissertação aborda a trajetória desta Federação desde sua fundação até o final da década de 1970, quando se encerra o programa de remoções de favelas. / In 1962, Rio de Janeiro (State of Guanabara then) was the stage of a radical urban policy change focused on the slums. During the previous decades, a patronage system was implemented, tolerating the slums ‘existence without effectively integrating them with the rest of the city. However, in the 1960’s a period of state intervention to eradicate the slums and evict its inhabitants – forcing them to move to distant suburbs – started. The inhabitants of the Guanabara’s slums did not watch passively though. Facing the need to politically organize their resistance against the State’s announced policy, on June 12th, 1963, they founded the civil society Federação das Associações de Favelas da Guanabara, FAFEG (Federation of the Associations of the Guanabara Slums). Formed by slums’ dwellers, FAFEG actively acted in defense of urbanization. This thesis discusses the history of this Federation from its founding in 1963 until late 1970’s when the slums eradication program ended.

Carrion’s disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by Bartonella bacilliformis, a vector-borne pathogen restricted to the Andean valleys of Peru, Ecuador and Colombia. Carrion’s disease is a biphasic illness; in the acute phase the case-fatality rate can be as high as 88 %, related to high parasitemia, arriving to almost all erythrocytes, and secondary bacterial infections close related with the development of transient immunosuppression in the earlier illness phases. In addition, there are an undefined number of asymptomatic carriers that are reservoirs of the etiological agent of Carrion’s disease in endemic areas, they make take into account due to they are the perpetuators of this disease. The actual scenario of Carrion’s disease, in which the illness is arriving to new areas, due to the expansion of the vector’s distribution, suggests that now may be a crucial time to design a strategy focusing on its elimination.

The HIV-1 reservoir is the major barrier to eradication and cure of HIV-1 infection. The aim of this thesis was to characterise the HIV-1 reservoir in PHI and to investigate two potential reservoir clearance strategies. Sensitive Q-PCR assays that quantify HIV-1 DNA reservoir level were developed and applied to characterise the HIV-1 reservoir in acutely infected patients enrolled in the SPARTAC trial. HIV-1 DNA levels were found to be a useful biomarker for predicting clinical progression and the time of viral remission in patients, after HAART interruption. Since low HIV-1 DNA reservoir levels were clinically beneficial, potential therapies aimed at decreasing the reservoir burden were investigated. Thermotherapy was employed as a possible method for increasing CTL killing ability of HIV-1-infected cells. This may increase the likelihood of virological control and functional cure. SPION uptake impacted negatively on the natural killing ability of CTL that expressed the high affinity 868-TCR. However, localised thermotherapeutic heat generation was insufficient to cause direct thermal ablation of bound target cells or to enhance the natural killing ability of CTL. 868-TCR transduced CTL were employed directly as a means to target the latent viral reservoir by the ‘kick and kill’ hypothesis. Latent HIV-1 was reactivated in a variety of latent cell line models, but inconclusively in a primary model. 868-TCR transduced CTL killing of latently infected cells was observed. However, reactivation of latent virus did not necessarily relate to increased antigenicity of latent cells, perhaps in part due to anti-latency drug-induced alterations in MHC class I expression. Despite recent and sustained interest in HIV-1 cure strategies, the prospect still remains elusive. Only through the development of sensitive assays that measure the HIV-1 reservoir and their application to novel and innovative cure strategies will HIV-1 ever be functionally cured or eradicated in patients on a large scale.

Magister Public Health - MPH / Poliomyelitis (polio) is an infectious disease of high public health importance. In 1988, the World Health Organization (WHO) set the goal of polio eradication worldwide through the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI). A threeyear period of zero indigenous wild poliovirus in all countries, in the presence of highquality acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance, is the basis of an independent commission’s determination of when a WHO region or a country can be certified as polio free. AFP surveillance being one of the critical elements in polio eradication campaign, aims to report and investigate all cases of acute flaccid paralysis occurring in children aged less than 15 years using clinical, epidemiological and laboratory methods. The information collected is cleaned and entered, into a database and maintained in EPI Info format at the WHO country office of each of the 46 countries, the three sub regional offices or Inter country Support Teams (IST) offices and the WHO African Regional Office. In addition, data from sixteen polio laboratories in various African countries maintain records of the laboratory findings and results of confirmed polio cases. The quality of data generated through AFP surveillance and maintained in the African regional data base has not been critically and systematically reviewed and documented. This study therefore was designed to gather information and document the quality of AFP data base, a key component of the global polio eradication effort. A cross-sectional descriptive study involving the retrospective review of clinical and laboratory databases of AFP surveillance over a five year period (2004 - 2008) was designed. In this study, databases of CIFs containing clinical and laboratory data from AFP cases reported from all 46 countries of the WHO African Region comprising of 57,619 clinical and 59,843 laboratory records were critically reviewed.

Introduction: Bacteria are the most common pathogens responsible for pulpal necrosis and periapical disease conditions. The importance of eradicating bacteria and their endotoxic by-products has been highlighted in numerous studies. Aim: The aim of this in vitro study was to establish the efficacy of six endodontic disinfection protocols in eradicating Enterococcus faecalis from single root canals of human teeth. Materials and Methods: Endodontic access cavities were prepared on 86, extracted, single rooted, human teeth. Root canal preparation was done using nickel titanium rotary files. Each tooth was sterilised, inoculated with E. faecalis and randomly allocated to one of seven groups (n = 12). The six disinfection protocols were 3% sodium hypochlorite solution (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine digluconate solution (CHX), Chlor-XTRA, 3% NaOCl combined with 2% CHX, 3% NaOCl followed by photo-activated disinfection (PAD) and PAD alone. The seventh group was irrigated with sterile water (control). The roots were fractured longitudinally. Dentine samples from coronal, middle and apical sections of one half of each root were plated onto brain heart infusion (BHI) plates. These were incubated anaerobically at 37⁰C for five days. The colony-forming units (cfu) were counted. The second half of each root was prepared for Scanning Electron Microscopy. The Pairwise Wilcoxon Rank Sum test and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare the cfu counts of the seven groups to one another. Results: Two per cent CHX, Chlor-XTRA, combination of 3% NaOCl and 2% CHX and irrigation with 3% NaOCl followed by PAD were able to eradicate E. faecalis from the coronal levels of the root canals. A combination of 3% NaOCl and 2% CHX and irrigation with 3% NaOCl followed by PAD were able to eradicate E. faecalis from the middle levels of the root canals. None of the disinfection protocols were able to eradicate E. faecalis from the apical levels of all root canals. The regimen of 3% NaOCl followed by 2% CHX was slightly more efficient in eradicating E. faecalis from the root canals than the other disinfection regimens. Dentine erosion and precipitate formation were two incidental observations in some of the samples upon SEM examination. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / Odontology / unrestricted

The purpose of the study is to present a valid definition of how the struggle against the Cathars was portrayed in papal propaganda between 1179-1236. This is seen as important because of the contradictory state of research and deserves an answer. One line in the research field claims it was a genocide, another claims it was not and another line claims that the whole idea of a genocide definition in this struggle is anachronistic. This study seeks to explore how this struggle against the Cathars could be explained in its time as well as an explanation for our time.   The results shows that the main goal was to defend the Church and its unity, one sub goal was to convert and to offer opportunities for renunciation, and another sub goal was annihilation. The sources admit that both an eradication of the view if self and of the collective group were a general line. The Cathars could make an apology, if they did they escaped death. The study claims it was not a genocide because of this. But an intention was eradication. This is seen as a tenable historical definition. It´s an example of religious persecution in it´s most violent form.  The study further claims that the organization and planning were systematic in order to accomplish the goals. There are some aspects of these results that indicate that new knowledge has been presented. The society was characterized by religious intolerance, the actions of the papacy must be seen in this context.

No description available.

This thesis applies lessons drawn from a historical-cultural analysis of rural power structures in Afghanistan to understand the nature of the threat posed by that country's opiate economy and to assess the counter-narcotics policies of the United Kingdom, the Government(s) of Afghanistan, and the United States. It argues that that the opiate economy should be considered an Afghan-specific problem involving narcotics, not a "drug war" problem involving Afghanistan. Specific lessons are taken from a chapter dedicated to Afghan culture, history, and rural power structures, and applied in chapters analyzing the opiate economy and current counter-narcotics policies. Several insights that are critical to sound policy, and that are not found in existing literature, are developed. Overall, the current policy emphasis on aggressive eradication of opium poppy is incongruent with local cultural and political realities and undermines central government stability. Counter-narcotics policy makers should adopt a roll-back strategy, eliminating cultivation from minor-cultivation provinces first for democraticgovernance, cultural, and counter-narcotics reasons. Counter-trafficking should be prioritized over eradication efforts and should particularly target anti-government forces, many of which are legacy groups of the anti-Soviet jihad and are not accountable to or culturally integral to rural society.