This thesis examines the media strategies employed by leading figures and organizations in the Russian political opposition landscape, namely Alexei Navalny's Anti-Corruption Foundation (ACF), Dmitry Gudkov's Secretariat of European Russians, Mikhail Khodorkovsky's Russian Action Committee, Feminist Anti-War Resistance, and Ilya Ponomarev. Using critical discourse analysis as its core methodology, the study aims to unravel the complex dynamics between stated values and media strategies. The strategies analyzed include 'Investigative Outreach,' 'Diaspora Engagement,' 'Media Magnate Mobilisation,' 'Grassroots Guerrilla Artivism,' and 'Dual Role Diplomacy.' The study is framed within the theoretical constructs of social constructivism and media frame theory. These frameworks allow for a critical examination of how the media strategies of these entities are socially constructed and framed, thereby shaping public perception and narrative. Key findings reveal that although these strategies amplify political reach and influence, they also pose challenges such as dilution of core messages and ethical quandaries.

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This dissertation of limited scope explored via a qualitative reflective approach how pastoral therapy and care practices contributed to workplace transformation and ethics at a factory that had to be restored to profitability. In Chapter 1, the study's research curiosity questions how pastoral therapy and care practices could inform business in its resistance of workplace trauma and injustice. The epistemology of contextual theology and social constructionism is reviewed in Chapter 2 in its support of the research. Themes and ideas such as; participatory ethical care, ethics, the prophetic role, narratives, workplace culture, witnessing and participant awareness and empowerment are applied to workplace culture transformation. Chapter 3 explores the factory's dominant story of low morale, financial loss and feelings of no hope for the future in context of discourses of capitalism. In resistance to the dominant story, Chapter 4 focuses on practices and experiences that supported the factory's alternative story and Chapter 5 reviews the factory's alternative story in context of purposeful transformation practice. Chapter 6 concludes the study by reflecting on the research curiosity, the research aims and the researcher's development. / Practical Theology / M. Th ((Specialising Past Therapy) Practical Theology)

This dissertation of limited scope explored via a qualitative reflective approach how pastoral therapy and care practices contributed to workplace transformation and ethics at a factory that had to be restored to profitability. In Chapter 1, the study's research curiosity questions how pastoral therapy and care practices could inform business in its resistance of workplace trauma and injustice. The epistemology of contextual theology and social constructionism is reviewed in Chapter 2 in its support of the research. Themes and ideas such as; participatory ethical care, ethics, the prophetic role, narratives, workplace culture, witnessing and participant awareness and empowerment are applied to workplace culture transformation. Chapter 3 explores the factory's dominant story of low morale, financial loss and feelings of no hope for the future in context of discourses of capitalism. In resistance to the dominant story, Chapter 4 focuses on practices and experiences that supported the factory's alternative story and Chapter 5 reviews the factory's alternative story in context of purposeful transformation practice. Chapter 6 concludes the study by reflecting on the research curiosity, the research aims and the researcher's development. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M. Th ((Specialising Past Therapy) Practical Theology)

In an increasingly integrated global business arena, local singularities still play a crucial role in many aspects. Business ethics is affected by this duality in profound ways. Legislators have tried to provide uniform ethical guidelines for transnational companies. In this effort to streamline the ethical management of the multinational corporation, regulation could be thought of as an attempt to reduce the role of the leader. We argue that this solution mistakenly presumes a high degree of uniformity across countries. In this paper, we consider how different legal traditions can be used to explain the divergences in implementation and configuration of ethics hotlines. We find that although national regulators established a legal standard (Sarbanes Oxley Act) for global companies, significant differences exist across legal traditions, which sometimes go even deeper, to region and country specific nuances. Legal regulation may never substitute a leader in ethical matters. / Incluso en un mundo empresarial cada vez más globalizado, las singularidades locales aún desempeñan un papel crucial en muchos aspectos; por lo tanto, la ética empresarial se ve afectada por esta dualidad. El legislador ha intentado crearpautas uniformes para compañías de carácter internacional y en el marco de este esfuerzo por uniformizar la gestión ética de las empresas multinacionales, la regulación puede verse como un intento de reducir el papel del líder. Este trabajo plantea que esta solución presupone de manera errónea un alto grado de uniformidad entre países puesto que las diversas tradiciones legales pueden usarse para explicar las diferencias en implementación y configuración de las líneas éticas. A pesar de la instauración de un sistema legal al respecto (la Ley Sarbanes-Oxley) para las compañías transnacionales, aún existen diferencias importantes entre las distintas tradiciones legales, que a veces llegan a manifestarse en variaciones específicas a la región o el país. Es por esto que quizá la regulación legal no pueda llegar a sustituir al líder en temas de naturaleza ética.

PhD (Public Administration) / Department of Public and Development Administration / The study reviews and assess the impact of ethical leadership in promotion of good governance in the Limpopo Province in South Africa. Since the inception of the province in 1994, the provincial government witnessed an alarming statistics of unethical behaviour within its echelons. The media reports is frequently dominated by negative news of ethical transgression within the province’s public institutions. The reports on fraud and corruption scandals ranges from conflict of interests which manifest itself through payment of ghost workers, tardiness, weak institutions, lack of accountability and honesty by senior and subordinate public officials. In 2011, some of the provincial government’s departments were placed under “Administration”, meaning the control of province by the National Treasury. The placement of the departments under administration confirms the public perception that the province is engulfed by ethical challenges which result to poor governance of the province. The findings from the study confirm that although the province attempted to put strategies to minimise acts of unethical behaviour in the province, there is still a concern of ethical transgression that is ongoing and unabated. The study adopted the mixed methodology research design for data collection. The senior public managers and subordinate public officials were sampled as the population for the study. The aim is to assess the pivotal role that senior public managers as leaders play in fostering the organisational performance, hence good governance through modelling behaviour. The findings of the study assist to respond to the concern of why transgressions of ethical conduct occurs despite progressive legislative frameworks were introduced to promote good governance. The study recommended an Integrative Model of Ethical Leadership, which takes into account / NRF

MCom (Human Resource Management) / Department of Human Resources Management and Labour Relations / The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between ethical leader behaviour and the five factors of personality in Vhembe District, South Africa. This research used a quantitative method. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from a stratified random sample of n=202 participants. All categories from selected government departments of the Vhembe District were included in the strata meaning that junior and senior employees both participated. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 was used for descriptive and inferential statistics (Correlation and ANOVA) to determine relationships between ethical leadership and personality factors of agreeableness, consciousness, neuroticism, extroversion and openness to experience. The Personality Factor Scale was used to collect data on the five factors of personality, and the ethical Leaders Scale was used to collect data on the dependent variable of ethical leader behaviour. The findings of this study confirmed that out of the five factors of personality, consciousness had the most a positive significant relationship with ethical leader behaviour. Therefore, this study concludes that selected government departments of the Vhembe District should exhibit ethical leadership to their employees. The study also discovers that fairness, role clarifications and power sharing were the aspect of ethical leadership which is required in every leader to become ethical. / NRF

Abstracts in English, Afrikaans and Xhosa / This research analyses the role of Christian leaders in the schisms that occurred in the African Methodist Episcopal Church in Southern Africa, from 1899 to 1908. The study assesses whether their character and conduct were in keeping with the requirements of the law of the Church and the model of ethical leadership developed in this dissertation. The study assesses the different reasons for the schisms, as well as the impact of these schisms on the community, taking into consideration the socio-cultural contexts of the time. The dissertation discusses how Christian leaders ought to act and evaluates the consequences of the decisions made by the relevant leaders. Finally, the study explores pathways towards the restoration of separated churches. The study argues that the spiritual and moral formation of Christian leaders is essential for both the restoration of the AME Church and the prevention of schisms in the future / Hierdie navorsing ontleed die rol van Christelike leiers in die breuke wat van 1899 tot 1908 in die Afrika-Metodiste- Episkopale Kerk in Suidelike Afrika voorgekom het. Die studie assesseer of hul karakter en optrede ooreengestem het met die vereistes van die wet van die Kerk en die model van etiese leierskap wat in hierdie dissertasie ontwikkel is. In die studie is die verskillende redes vir die breuke geassesseer, sowel as die impak van hierdie skeurings op die gemeenskap, met inagneming van die sosio-kulturele kontekste van die tyd. Die dissertasie bespreek hoe Christelike leiers veronderstel is om op te tree en evalueer die gevolge van die tersaaklike leiers se besluite. Laastens bied die dissertasie ʼn blik op moontlike maniere om kerke wat geskei geraak het, te herstel. Die studie voer aan dat die spirituele en morele formasie van Christelike leiers noodsaaklik is vir sowel die herstel van die AME-kerk as die voorkoming van skeurings in die toekoms. / Olu phando luphengulula indima yeenkokheli zobuKrestu kuqhekeko olwenzeka kwinkonzo yamaWesile eyaziwa ngokuba yiAfrican Methodist Episcopal Church in Southern Africa, kwiminyaka ephakathi kowe-1899 nowe-1908. Esi sifundo sivavanya indlela ezi nkokheli zaziphatha ngayo, nokuba ingaba zayilandela njani imigaqo nemithetho yeCawa. Isifundo esi sikwaqwalasela, zizame ukuphuhlisa indlela emsulwa yobunkokheli. Esi sifundo siqwalasela izizathu ezahlukeneyo zoqhekeko, nefuthe lolu qhekeko eluntwini, phakathi kweemeko zentlalo nenkcubeko yelo xesha. Uphando olu luxoxa ngokuba iinkokheli zobuKrestu zifanele ukuziphatha njani kwaye lukwavavanya iziphumo zezigqibo ezathathwa ziinkokheli ezazithatha inxaxheba ngelo xesha.Ekugqibeleni, olu phando luqwalasela iindlela zokubuyelana kweecawe ezaqhekekayo. Isifundo esi sibeka elokuba ubume bomoya nesimilo seenkokheli zobuKrestu bungundoqo kwaye bubalulekile ekubuyiseleni iCawe iAME nokunqanda ukuba kungaze kuphinde kubekho uqhekeko. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Christian leadership)

While the stakeholders’ awareness about how companies act sustainably has increased, the business code has gained greater importance. With a functioning business code in a company, it can help guide the behavior of its employees to maintain an ethical company culture. In the study, the companies’ implementation of the business code in the employees’ daily work based on ethical core values, a formal ethics program and ethical leadership has been examined. As previous research in the field deals with whether there is a business code or not, and whether it has an effect on the employees, it is therefore interesting to investigate in this study how the business code is actually implemented in daily operations and whether companies make full use of the business code.  In order to achieve the purpose of the study, the study has targeted larger companies with a clearly designed business code. The data collection consists of 10 interviews with respondents who are familiar with the business code. The theory consists of previous research in CSR and about which approach is required to implement the business code in daily work. Research in ethical core values, a formal ethics program and ethical leadership are also mentioned.  The result of this study shows that more emphasis is placed on the ethical core values and ethical leadership and that the business code is overshadowed. On the other hand, the business code is included indirectly in the employees’ daily with through everyday communication around the ethical core values and a value-driven leadership. The study also contributes to an understanding of how the three different areas complement each other and highlights the area’s complexity.