Working with students requires you to know laws and ethics related to teaching. The content of this chapter orients students with FERPA, ADA, and IDEA. It includes a review of the ACA ethical guidelines and CACREP standards related to the roles and functions of Counselor Educators and Supervisors. Though the use of case study examples, readers have the opportunity to develop applied understanding of the ethical and legal guidelines related to the role of being an instructor and gatekeeper of the profession.

Shawn Lennie, Ethical Complexities in the Virtual World: Teacher Perspectives of ICT Based Issues and Conflicts, Doctor of Philosophy, CTL, OISE, 2013. Using a qualitative research methodology, this study explores the perceptions that K-12 teachers have on the ethical issues they have experienced as a result of, or in relation to, ICT. Participants included 10 practicing teachers who had identified experience with ICT based issues in their teaching practice. Each participant engaged in two semi-structured interviews focused on the research topic. The first interview explored the perceptions and experiences that the participants had with ICT based issues in their practice, while the second involved an examination of eight vignettes involving ICT based issues that were ethical in nature. The use of this approach provides a descriptive account of the experiences and perceptions of the participants in the study. Results from the study highlight the impact that ethical issues involving technology have on the moral work of teachers and the challenges that emerge as teachers attempt to identify morally responsible ways to respond to the complex and dynamic challenges that they face. Participants demonstrate a heightened sensitivity to ethical issues involving technology that compromise the safety and well-being of children, such as cyber-bullying, as well as those that compromise professional and academic integrity, such as plagiarism. Results also reveal the predominant use of subjective moral judgment when evaluating the moral significance of ICT based issues and reluctance on the part of teachers to challenge the inappropriate use of technology by their colleagues. This contrasts with a strong belief that teachers play an important role as moral models for students who are developing an understanding of what constitutes responsible digital behaviour. These results are significant to scholarship on teacher professionalism, digital ethics and citizenship, and policy development relating to ICT based issues.

Shawn Lennie, Ethical Complexities in the Virtual World: Teacher Perspectives of ICT Based Issues and Conflicts, Doctor of Philosophy, CTL, OISE, 2013. Using a qualitative research methodology, this study explores the perceptions that K-12 teachers have on the ethical issues they have experienced as a result of, or in relation to, ICT. Participants included 10 practicing teachers who had identified experience with ICT based issues in their teaching practice. Each participant engaged in two semi-structured interviews focused on the research topic. The first interview explored the perceptions and experiences that the participants had with ICT based issues in their practice, while the second involved an examination of eight vignettes involving ICT based issues that were ethical in nature. The use of this approach provides a descriptive account of the experiences and perceptions of the participants in the study. Results from the study highlight the impact that ethical issues involving technology have on the moral work of teachers and the challenges that emerge as teachers attempt to identify morally responsible ways to respond to the complex and dynamic challenges that they face. Participants demonstrate a heightened sensitivity to ethical issues involving technology that compromise the safety and well-being of children, such as cyber-bullying, as well as those that compromise professional and academic integrity, such as plagiarism. Results also reveal the predominant use of subjective moral judgment when evaluating the moral significance of ICT based issues and reluctance on the part of teachers to challenge the inappropriate use of technology by their colleagues. This contrasts with a strong belief that teachers play an important role as moral models for students who are developing an understanding of what constitutes responsible digital behaviour. These results are significant to scholarship on teacher professionalism, digital ethics and citizenship, and policy development relating to ICT based issues.

There is a distinct divide between theory and practice in American science education. Research indicates that a constructivist philosophy, in which students construct their own knowledge, is conductive to learning, while in many cases teachers continue to present science in a more traditional manner. This study sought to explore possible relationships between a socioscientific issues based curriculum and three outcome variables: nature of science understanding, reflective judgment, and argumentation skill. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to examine both whole class differences as well as individual differences between the beginning and end of a semester of high school Biology I. Results indicated that the socioscientific issues based curriculum did not produce statistically significant changes over the course of one semester. However, the treatment group scored better on all three instruments than the comparison group. The small sample size may have contributed to the inability to find statistical significance in this study. The qualitative interviews did indicate that some students provided more sophisticated views on nature of science and reflective judgment, and were able to provide slightly more complex argumentation structures. Theoretical implications regarding the use of explicit use of socioscientific issues in the classroom are presented.

Background: As a nurse, when caring for children with cancer, you need to offer the best care for the child and in the meantime focus on family centered care in order to meet the thoughts and wishes the family carries. Caring for children with cancer might contain many obstacles and difficulties. Communication, education and to understand one's role as a nurse is important when caring for these children. Aim: To identify nursing experience when caring for children with cancer. Method: A literature overview has been done and ten studies were gathered through the databases PubMed and Cinahl. The analysis of these studies created four categories with associated subcategories. Results: It came through those nurses faced difficulties in pediatric care in different situations. These situations created categories which were: Ethical issues, Education, Cooperation with the family and Nurses emotions and support. Conclusion: Factors found in this study were nurses' experience of lacking the necessary preparation, the need of emotional support and the importance of working close to the families. It is found that nurses felt unprepared for their work and dealing with tough situations. The relationship between the nurse and the patient's family is important to provide high quality care. Nurses expressed the need for support from colleagues and family members in order to grow as a nurse and as a person.

Reliable data is the strongest driving force of the modern Smart City. To get access to relevant information that will allow building a long-term management policy, the city is filled with sensors and video cameras connected to a high-speed data transmission infrastructure. Today, even the inhabitants themselves are turning into sources of information: users' mobile devices - there are 7.7 billion registered mobile subscribers in the world - produce terabyte streams of data about the location, purchases and interests of individuals in real time. The city management system gets a chance to become truly human-centered. The fact that smart cities depend on tracking and analyzing vast amounts of previously untapped data on the movements and activities of urban populations means that, as attractive as smart city visions may be, they remain largely utopian and can quickly become dystopian in practice. The benefits of smart cities have been praised, loud and clear. But the truth is that the introduction of fully integrated data-driven technologies into urban infrastructure and governance poses a serious threat to human rights. Therefore, smart city developers regularly face a number of ethical issues. Based on the analysis of H22 project of city of Helsingborg and digitalization policy of Copenhagen, this research aims at revealing the issues, and providing possible solutions for a number of them within a theoretical framework, that considers surveillance capitalism, implications of big data, and citizen involvement.

Background Ethical dilemmas in palliative care is a common issue for nurses to handle. Nurses have the responsibility to provide care that is in the best interest for the patient and to enhance the quality of life in the end-of-life stage. Dilemmas occur when differing opinions exist about what is in the best interest for the patient. Previous research indicates that nurses play a significant and crucial role in managing ethical dilemmas in palliative care, many of them experience conflicts when their sense of what is right clashes with their perceived duties. Aim The aim of this study was to describe strategies that nurses use for dealing with ethical dilemmas in palliative care. Method A literature-based study where eleven articles have been analyzed according to Friberg's five-step model. Results The findings of this study indicates that the primary strategies nurses use for addressing ethical dilemmas in palliative care was to establishing trusting relationship with the patients and also with their relatives. Collaboration with colleagues is also crucial and fostering effective teamwork, creating an environment for collective reflection to exchange experiences and knowledge. Conclusion Effective teamwork and strong patient relationships are essential in palliative care, leadong to an increased well-being for the patient and the ability to tailor care needs individually. Nurses in palliative care require ongoing professional development to feel secure in their professional roles and to foster confident healthcare relationships. / I strävan att uppnå optimal vård för patienter i palliativ vård står sjuksköterskor inte sällan inför komplexa etiska dilemman. Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva de strategier sjuksköterskor använder för att hantera etiska dilemman inom palliativ vård. Resultatet visar att genom att mötas i samtal och att lyssna noggrant uppstår tillitsfulla relationer till både patienter och närstående. Hanteringen av etiska dilemman underlättas när sjuksköterskorna skapar en personcentrerad vårdmiljö utifrån patienters och närståendes önskemål. En annan strategi var samarbete i det tvärvetenskapliga vårdteamet. Ett teams olika kompetenser behövs för att tillgodose patienters vårdbehov. Etiska dilemman har ingen enkel lösning och för att skapa en gemensam förståelse och strategi krävs att teamet kan diskutera samt reflektera tillsammans och dela med sig av erfarenheter. Studien identifierade behovet av kontinuerlig kompetensutveckling inom etik för sjuksköterskor inom palliativ vård. Att vara rustad med djupare kunskap inom etiska teorier och metoder gav sjuksköterskorna större trygghet att fatta svåra beslut och att agera som patientadvokater. Slutligen framkom det att tid för reflektion var viktigt när sjuksköterskor stod inför etiska dilemman. Regelbundna reflektioner ökade medvetenheten hos sjuksköterskor, hur deras egna etiska värderingar påverkade deras beslut i vården av patienter i palliativt skede. Studiens resultat grundades på en sökning av elva vetenskapliga artiklar från databaserna Pubmed och Cinahl. Efter noggrann granskning och analys av artiklarna sammanställdes resultatet i två huvudteman och sex subteman. Dessutom diskuterades personcentrerat förhållningssätt, samtalets betydelse, sjuksköterskors ansvar att hålla sig uppdaterade, teamarbetets betydelse och normmedvetet och hållbarhet. Slutsatsen indikerar att genom tillämpning av dessa strategier kan sjuksköterskor hantera etiska dilemman och därigenom öka välbefinnandet för patienter inom palliativ vård.

Yes / The use of the internet and social media have changed consumer behavior and the ways in which companies conduct their business. Social and digital marketing offers significant opportunities to organizations through lower costs, improved brand awareness and increased sales. However, significant challenges exist from negative electronic word-of-mouth as well as intrusive and irritating online brand presence. This article brings together the collective insight from several leading experts on issues relating to digital and social media marketing. The experts’ perspectives offer a detailed narrative on key aspects of this important topic as well as perspectives on more specific issues including artificial intelligence, augmented reality marketing, digital content management, mobile marketing and advertising, B2B marketing, electronic word of mouth and ethical issues therein. This research offers a significant and timely contribution to both researchers and practitioners in the form of challenges and opportunities where we highlight the limitations within the current research, outline the research gaps and develop the questions and propositions that can help advance knowledge within the domain of digital and social marketing.

The purpose of this dissertation research is to study the experience of adjustment of Colombian immigrant children to living in the U.S. In order to understand the changes they have experienced as immigrants, the research focuses on the ways in which they talk about the food they eat hereand on the foods they ate in Colombia. Because of the symbolic importance of food in the construction of ethnic and personal identities, a study of how the children talk about food illuminates the process of blending elements from the immigrant culture with those of the U.S. Based on the symbolic interactionism approach to culture, this study assumes that participants' representations of foods are shaped by their own experiences through interactions with others. Representations of food result from the interactions between participants and the researcher in the research settings. With a participatory approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted with twelve girls and eight boys, and three group sessions with three girls and eight boys. Participants were reached at the Taller Intercultural Hispano Americano and through their parents at the Center for Family Health. Data were analyzed qualitatively following first a process of data reduction and then transforming the interviews and the group sessions into narratives. Analysis of the data shows that participants' changes and adjustment are characterized by an emerging process of creolization, a concept proposed by Foner (1997) to explain patterns of acculturation of immigrant families. Creolization is the central idea articulating and providing meaning to participants' representations of food changes. Colombian immigrant children living in the U.S. are agents actively blending elements from their immigrant culture with elements they encounter in the U.S. context from which new food patterns reflecting their changing circumstances are emerging. Likewise, Tampa in particular and Florida in general provide a context that facilitates and promotes such blending of meanings both in private spaces such as home and in public ones such as restaurants, due to the presence of long-established Spanish-speaking communities of varying degrees of acculturation.

The year 2000 saw many dot-com companies created and many existing companies going into E-commerce. However, with many companies failing, it is clear that companies need to follow a well thought out strategy for E-commerce. The main research aim was to assist companies towards a successful E-commerce strategy. This research was sponsored by NSB Retail which offers software solutions to high street retailers. Published literature on E-commerce was studied to determine success and failure factors in establishing a viable E-commerce business and lessons that can be learned from this. As a result of the studies of E-commerce company experiences a strategy formulation framework was created to help companies carry out feasibility study and form a strategy for implementing E-commerce. At the heart of this framework were twenty key questions for managers considering entering E-commerce and twelve critical success factors needed for sustained E-commerce success. This strategy formulation framework was tested by applying the initial stages in a feasibility study for an established, traditional retail company to determine whether it should move into E-commerce. The later stages of the framework were then retrospectively applied to successful and unsuccessful E-commerce companies. The case studies were also used to investigate whether traditional business and marketing theory could still be applied to an E-commerce company. To further test the concepts behind the strategy formulation framework, a series of papers were submitted to peer reviewed conferences and journals. Feedback from the reviews of these papers and from the audiences at the conferences was very positive and showed that the experiences of experts in the E-commerce field generally agreed with the findings. Investigations from the research has also revealed there is a shortage of case study material for training E-commerce workers. Three case studies used in this research were published in an MBA course book to be used by Ball State and other universities. It is concluded that this research has made a valuable contribution for companies contemplating an investment in E-commerce, and further work is identified to continue to assist companies to form a strategy for E-commerce implementation in the future.