許多學者討論了現代社會之非正規移民；然而，我們對這些移民的主體性知之甚少。世界體系的發展令國家邊界及公民身份政治有所改變，當今世界有超過五千萬非正規移民，理解其生活的志向和追索其現實有一定意義。香港大約有七千名非華裔非正規移民，其中估計75%來自南亞，此研究通過分析香港法外移民的案例，探索非正規移民之理想的建構與達成。儘管香港自從1841年成為英國殖民地後，與這個次大陸關係密切，此現象僅僅追溯到十年前，部分原因來自於後9-11歐美西方的嚴格移民政策之變化。 / 在香港這個單一民族的社會，貧困的非華裔移民鶴立雞群，收到社會和政治的不公正待遇，為什麼這些移民還要過來？這裡的故事並非人們對非正規移民所想像的人口販賣、恐怖手段和暴力，而是關於移民文化所導致的需要研究出口移民的必要性，以及尋找全球和都市身份的媒體影響，和失足移民假扮成功人士，以掩蓋他們未能實現離家時許下的諾言的羞恥。儘管他們知道被罪化人生的風險和危險，也許還有更重要的未來等待他們的失敗，為什麼南亞人選擇在社會邊緣以非法公民的身份生存，而且繼續複製在海外出人頭地的神話？此研究基於一年的深入訪問和超過三個月的參與觀察，觀察香港非法南亞人的人生軌跡，分析他們如何建構非法的夢想，實現了什麼志願，以及如何延續由始至終以渴望成功打造的幻覺。 / Many scholars have discussed irregular migration in contemporary societies; however, we know little of the subjectivities of these migrants. With considerable developments in the world system marking changes in the policing of national borders and politics of citizenship, it is of some significance to understand the processes that drive the motivations and trace the realities of over fifty million irregular migrants living in the world today. This research sheds light on the construction and realization of aspirations for irregular migration by examining cases of extralegal migrants in Hong Kong, where estimates suggest that 75 percent of the approximately 7,000 strong irregular non-Chinese migrant population comes from the South Asia. Despite Hong Kong’s close connections to the subcontinent since the city’s establishment as a British colony in 1841, this particular phenomenon dates back only ten years, stemming partially from strict changes in migration in the post-9/11 Euro-American West. / In a society that is as ethnically homogenous as Hong Kong where the poorer non-Chinese immigrants clearly stand out and are open to social and political injustice, why do these migrants still come? The stories heard here are not of trafficking, terror and violence as one might expect from cases of irregular migrants, but instead, of cultures of migration creating obligations to engage in out-migration, media influence encouraging the search for global and cosmopolitan identities, and false aspirations created by fallen migrants feigning successes to hide the shame of not meeting promises they had once left home to pursue. Despite knowing the risks and dangers involved in living criminalized lives, and perhaps more importantly, of the failures that await them, why do South Asians choose not only to live their own lives at the margins of society as extralegal citizens, but also continue to reproduce the perpetual myth of success in the promised foreign land? Based on a year of in-depth interviews and over three months of participant research, then, this research looks at the life courses of extralegal South Asians in Hong Kong to examine how their dreams of illegality are constructed, what realities are met, and how the mirage of success is perpetuated by maintaining the thirst that first induced it. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Murgai, Gaurav. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 124-132). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / 摘要 (Abstract in Chinese) --- p.ii / Acknowledgements --- p.iii / Important Definitions and Glossary --- p.iv / Contents --- p.v / List of Figures --- p.vii / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / On Extralegality --- p.3 / Contribution of Study --- p.4 / Literature Review --- p.5 / Methodology --- p.13 / Sampling and Participant Observation --- p.14 / Collecting Data: Methods and Concerns --- p.16 / Ethical Concerns --- p.17 / Personal Statement --- p.18 / Thesis Organization --- p.20 / Chapter 2. --- Where Dreams are Made --- p.22 / Rites of Passage: Mobility and Responsibility --- p.24 / The Question of Money --- p.30 / Tradition, Development, and Instability --- p.35 / Conclusion --- p.41 / Chapter 3. --- The Places of Dreams --- p.43 / South Asian Migration --- p.44 / Cultures of Migration --- p.46 / Laws and Location --- p.48 / Global Awareness and New Media --- p.53 / Feigned Successes and Tempting Lies --- p.57 / Agents of Opportunities and Lies --- p.62 / Conclusion --- p.63 / Chapter 4. --- Below the Mark --- p.65 / The Meaning of “Making It“ --- p.66 / Remittances --- p.66 / Symbolic Prestige --- p.69 / Personal Goals --- p.70 / Success and Systems of Connection --- p.72 / Cultures of Migration --- p.72 / Meeting Points --- p.74 / Performing Friendships and Masculinities --- p.80 / Man, the Provider --- p.81 / Man, the Worker --- p.82 / Man, the Lover --- p.83 / Objective Reasoning and Subjective Truths --- p.85 / Conclusion --- p.86 / Chapter 5. --- Living at the Margins --- p.87 / Making People Il-/Extra-Legal --- p.88 / On Path for Extralegality in Hong Kong --- p.92 / Limiting Labour --- p.100 / Living at the Margins --- p.101 / Conclusion --- p.108 / Chapter 6. --- Hunting Mirages of Success --- p.110 / Bibliography --- p.124

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-01-19T10:42:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Bruna de Oliveira Jeronimo.pdf: 758898 bytes, checksum: 7ee60418a7d9001ba9e3e3c0a15123cd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-19T10:42:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Bruna de Oliveira Jeronimo.pdf: 758898 bytes, checksum: 7ee60418a7d9001ba9e3e3c0a15123cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / This research is about teacher training for Youth and Adults studentes and the need to identify and analyze if the teachers who work with this modality at a given school in Volta Redonda carry out their teaching activities from the perspectives of law 10.639/2003 and the Curricular Guidelines for the Education of Racial-Ethnic Relations. For this purpose, I dedicated myself to historicizing the implementation of adult education, identifying and characterizing the skills and competencies required for a teacher of adult education, characterizing the relationship between the students, their teachers and ERERs and understanding how important teachers in this type of education grant to the Curriculum Guidelines for the Education of Racial-Ethnic Relations and how it manifests on the "ground of the school". From these actions, I sought to identify if there are political strategies for teaching qualification at SME in Volta Redonda focused on the implementation of Law 10.639/2003 in that city / Nesta pesquisa, abordo a forma??o docente para a Educa??o de jovens e Adultos (EJA) e discuto sobre a necessidade de identificar e analisar se os professores que trabalham com esta modalidade em determinada escola do munic?pio de Volta Redonda exercem suas atividades docentes nas perspectivas da Lei 10.639/2003 e das Diretrizes Curriculares Para a Educa??o das Rela??es ?tnico-Raciais. Para este fim, dediquei-me a historicizar a implanta??o da EJA, identificar e caracterizar as habilidades e compet?ncias exigidas para um professor do EJA, caracterizar as rela??es existentes entre a EJA, seus professores e as ERERs e entender qual a import?ncia que os professores dessa modalidade de ensino concedem ?s Diretrizes Curriculares para a Educa??o das Rela??es ?tnico-Raciais e como ela se manifesta no ?ch?o da escola?. A partir dessas a??es, busquei identificar se h? ou n?o estrat?gias pol?ticas de qualifica??o docente na SME de Volta Redonda voltadas para a implanta??o da Lei 10.639/2003 naquele munic?pio

This study examines the return of Japanese Americans to Portland, Oregon, following their mass incarceration by the United States Federal government between 1942 and 1945. This essay examines the motivations of both returning Japanese Americans and various groups within the white community with equal focus in the hopes of writing a history that provides agency to both groups. The return of Japanese Americans to Portland was an event with broader implications than a mere chapter in the history of Japanese Americans. The rise of the Japanese Exclusion League and other groups interested in preventing the return of Japanese Americans to Oregon had their roots partly in the Oregon progressive coalition of the 1930s known as the Oregon Commonwealth Federation (OCF). Unified behind the cause of public ownership of electricity distribution, racially exclusive progressives such as Oregon Governor Walter M. Pierce and civil rights progressives such as American Civil Liberties Union lawyer Gus J. Solomon sought to protect Oregon's producer class of farmers and workers from exploitation by Portland business interests. After the dissolution of the OCF in 1940 and the attack on Pearl Harbor, the two progressive factions took opposite sides on the issues of the rights of Japanese Americans. In 1945, anti-Japanese organizers across the state, including Pierce, American Legion officials, and Portland politicians called for the permanent exclusion of Japanese Americans. The racist rhetoric of these organizers drew the ire of the Portland Council of Churches, civic leaders, and War Relocation Authority officials, who formed the Portland Citizens Committee to Aid Relocation, the main white group to help returners find housing and employment. Their arguments for tolerance depended heavily on the story of Japanese American military service during World War II. Responding to the shape of debates within the white community, returning Japanese Americans community leaders, especially Toshi Kuge and George Azumano of the Portland Japanese American Citizen's League (JACL), used the rhetoric of military service to demonstrate their Americanness after World War II. The rhetoric of valorous military service provided the ideological center of both remerging Japanese American leadership organizations and connections between the Nikkei community and white civic leaders. After the reestablishment of Japanese American community organizations in Portland, Issei leaders lead a successful fundraising campaign to support a legal challenge to overturn the Oregon Alien Land Law and fund the Portland JACL. Subsequently, between 1946 and 1948, the Portland JACL served as liaisons between the Japanese American community and the white Portlanders interested in overturning laws that challenged Issei social and economic rights. Despite their efforts, Japanese Americans in the early postwar period, along with other Portland minority groups,faced significant discrimination in housing options, employment, and even blood supply. Their experience demonstrates both the power and limitations of arguments for racial tolerance in the early postwar period.

The aim of this dissertation is to examine inter-ethnic relations between organizationally active people with different ethnic backgrounds. I focus on relations that are based on a mutual interdependence between parties, mutual respect, common procedural rules, real opportunities that expressly approve or reject a proposal in a decision or deliberation situation free from compulsion, where people, who have different ethnic backgrounds, strive after insight and understanding in their relations. In this dissertation I present three empirical cases about cooperation, consultation and participation as forms of inter-ethnic relations from the organizational fields in the society. These cases are examples of what I characterize as “organizing inter-ethnicity”, or organizing people with different ethnic backgrounds around common concerns. Organizing inter-ethnicity is in turn a part of organizing and integrating diversity in society. Drawing on the results of three case studies, I distinguish between opportunities and barriers. My case studies clearly illustrate that the tensions that influence the patterns of and variation in opportunities and barriers have sources that reach well beyond ethnicity. Tensions between old and new organizations, between working immigrant organizations and refugee organizations, between organizations from same group or between organizations that have conflicts from their members’ countries of origin provide some examples of the difficulties that generate barriers to broad interest constellations between organizations.

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No abstract available. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2011.

Thesis (M.Th.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2007.

Recent histories of cultural encounters in colonial America emphasize how interactions between native Americans and Europeans altered both cultures. In order to facilitate such an investigation, scholars employ ethno history-a multidisciplinary approach that uses methods and sources from anthropology, archeology, and history. While it remains the dominant methodology for studying cultural encounters, others are critical of such studies pointing to the dangers of using European sources in order to understand native American culture. Some literary scholars argue that the only information that historians can gain from European texts and images are representations of the indigenous population. Using cultural encounters between English missionaries and Wampanoag Indians on Martha's Vineyard between 1642 and 1727 as my case study, I combine these seemingly incompatible methodologies to analyze relations in three cultural arenas: religion, gender, and literacy. I argue that through their resistance to English power, the Indians were able to continually adjust to life in their ever-changing new world. Even though their culture changed dramatically during this period, there were also able to resist full acculturation by maintaining a distinct Wampanoag identity. / Department of History

The twentieth century has been called the century of the refugee. The sheer size, scope and persistence of refugee movements was a defining feature of that century because at no other time in history have people so regularly been forced to flee their homes in search of safety. The plight of refugees - both in their flight from home and in their search for a place of exile - is suggestive of the power of ideas about identity in deciding who belongs and who is displaced, stateless and alien. This study explores the significance of these ideas about identity through a case study of the arrival, settlement and experiences of two groups of Spanish and central European refugee children in Britain between 1937 and 1945. It begins by tracing a discourse on Englishness that betrays a contemporary concern for the future survival of the English nation and goes on to investigate how these concerns shaped negotiations for the arrival of refugee children. The principal aim of these negotiations, it is argued, was to ensure the protection of English national identity. The specific form of protection required varied according to the specific group of children under discussion and was based on stereotypical representations of the two groups of children. These representations of the children inscribed them with identities, measured them against the qualities of Englishness and justified the intervention of government in order to guarantee the continued health, peace and prosperity of England. For the Spanish/Basque children the government priority was to protect national health and the political stability of national life. For the Jewish children the aim of government policy was not to stimulate anti-Semitism by exceeding the national 'absorptive capacity'. The resulting carefully controlled settlement of the children, drawn up with various refugee agencies and covering housing, health and education, is analysed in detail throughout this study. In this study attention is also given to the role that the children's cultural and educational capital played in their adaptation to exile. It analyses how children were able to adapt to their experiences in exile by drawing on their own cultural and educational agency. In doing so it questions accounts of migration that focus on assimilation and explores instead the hybrid identities that were developed by refugee children who became adept at negotiating with the culture of Englishness.

No description available.