AbstractThe study aims to hear and represent the experiences of Afghan immigrant mothers in Malmö, Sweden. By focusing on the individual level, the research seeks to investigate the challenges of raising children and the strategies developed to overcome those challenges.  A qualitative research design was chosen for the study, using data from five semi-structured interviews and a focus group. The research is theoretically framed by Berry's acculturation theory and concepts of parenting. The finding indicates that Afghan immigrant mothers face challenges as individuals and as parents during their integration process. The key challenges include adapting to a new way of living, overcoming language barriers, changes in social position and lack of social networks. Additionally, Cultural influence on parenting, the difference between the collective and individualistic parenting styles in Swedish society, and differences in acculturation levels, authority and discipline were significant factors. Finally, the thesis implies immigrant mothers need structural support through access to language classes and community programs to navigate the Swedish system and professional support to integrate successfully into the Swedish community.

This thesis explores the experiences of belonging and waiting of young Hazara refugees from Afghanistan living in Sweden under temporary residence permits. The study aims to investigate the experiences of social and political belonging of young Hazara refugees with temporary residence permits, focusing on their experiences of waiting for permanent legal decisions in the context of their asylum process. The case study utilises a transformative worldview and delves into the young Hazara's narratives of social and political belonging amidst prolonged legal uncertainty through semi-structured interviews with four young Hazara refugees, aged 18-22, who arrived in Sweden as unaccompanied asylum-seeking children and have lived in Sweden since 2015. It focuses on themes such as the importance of Home, social networks, and the impact of legal liminality. It further explores the refugee's worry about deportation, challenges in pursuing education, experiences of waiting, and aspirations for the future. The findings highlight the experiences of legal uncertainty and its impact on their social and political belonging. Further research is needed on social and political belonging and waiting in the context of temporary border control. This can help improve policies for young Hazaras with temporary residency permits and other disadvantaged groups.

Under de senaste åren har omvärlden varit fylld av våldsamma konflikter, till följd av detta har miljontals människor flytt sina hem. Kriget i Syrien och den ryska invasionen av Ukraina har lett till att tusentals flyktingar sökt skydd i Sverige. Tidigare forskning kring invandring i tryckpress har påvisat att den generella inställningen gentemot flyktingar varit negativ. Syftet med uppsatsen utgår från denna kontext och söker svar på följande frågeställning: Hur konstrueras diskursen kring syriska och ukrainska flyktingar i Dagens Nyheter? Vilka subjektspositioner möjliggörs? samt Hur framställs och representeras dessa i diskursen utifrån ett ”vi och dem” perspektiv? Utifrån en diskursinspirerad innehållsanalys har jag totaltanalyserat 24 artiklar publicerade i Sveriges främsta morgontidning Dagens Nyheter, baserat på de två tidsperioderna som respektive flyktinggrupp flydde till Sverige. Genom diskurs- ochrepresentationsteorier fann jag att framställningarna av syriska- och ukrainska flyktingarskilde sig åt avsevärt utifrån ett ”vi och dem” perspektiv. Den förra skildrades som ett ”problem” som krävde restriktiva, politiska handlingar och den senare som ”jämlik” och priviligierad. Således visar min undersökning hur dessa två flyktinggrupper tilldelas skilda positioner inom samma diskurs, vilket praktiskt taget, avgör deras handlingsmöjligheter i Sverige. / In recent years, the world has been filled with violent conflicts, hence millions of people have fled their homes. The war in Syria and the Russian invasion of Ukraine have led to thousands of refugees seeking refuge in Sweden. Previous research on immigration in the print press hasshown that the general attitude towards refugees has been negative. The purpose of the essay is based on this context and seeks answers to the following questions: How is the discourse around Syrian and Ukrainian refugees constructed? Which subject-positions are enabled? and How are these portrayed and represented within the discourse based on an “us and them” perspective? Based on a discourse-inspired content analysis, I have analyzed a total of 24 articles published in Sweden's most prominent morning newspaper, Dagens Nyheter, during the two time periods of which each refugee group fled to Sweden. Through discourse and representation theories, I found that the representations of Syrian and Ukrainian refugees differed significantly from an "us and them" perspective. The former was portrayed as a "problem" that required restrictive, political actions and the latter as "equal" and privileged. Thus, my research shows how these two refugee groups are assigned different positions within the same discourse, which determines their possibilities for practical action in Sweden.

This thesis aims to discover and analyse the locals' perceptions of transit migrants in Necoclí and howthese perceptions influence their attitudes and behaviours towards the migrants. This research has beeninspired by the limited attention in existing literature towards the Colombian local communities impactedby transit migration through the Darien Gap, including their residents' perceptions and role in this type ofmigration. Ten semi structured interviews conducted to locals in Necoclí revealed the differentperceptions residents have of these migrants, varying from positive perceptions associated with economicimprovement to negative perceptions associated with tourism decline, disturbances and difficult access toresources. Locals also perceive transit migrants as human beings and as money or economy. The findingsreveal several attitudes and behaviours towards transit migrants from solidarity and empathy to suspicion,discrimination and xenophobia. Venezuelans are the transit migrants experiencing the most negativeperceptions, attitudes and behaviours from locals in Necoclí.

As a Marxist contribution to research on the concept of religious diaspora, this paper seeks to explore whether Muslims can be understood as a nationally oppressed people with an economic basis for organising collectively as a group. Drawing from a Marxist analysis of religion and national struggle, the paper seeks to explore the concept of an ethnicity formation premised on religious affiliation, namely that of the Muslim Ummah, and its organisational potential within a national struggle paradigm. Utilising the Hegelian Marxist concept of Aufhebung, or dialectical return, the study resituates the parameters of anti-colonial struggle beyond nation to the transnational arena, recapturing the economic basis of the Ummah and enabling an understanding of its contemporary emergence within and alongside national struggle mobilisations at both localised and transnational levels.

This study explores the influence of social media on Iranian students’ migration decisions, specifically choosing Sweden as their study destination. The study contributes to addressing identified gaps in understanding major factors and drivers of migration decisions and social media’s potential role in the process. A quantitative approach was utilized to collect data through the online survey of Iranian students currently residing in Sweden. The online survey aimed to research the key migration influencers and assess the impact of social media on respective decisions. The analysis indicates that migration decisions are influenced by a combination of internal and external factors. Generally, migration decisions are influenced by economic factors, related to the country of relocation, political climate, and personal development potential. Social media, specifically Instagram and Telegram, was a valuable source of information and social interactions; its impact was moderate compared to identified influencers. Despite a clear role in creating migration perceptions, economic, social, and safety factors drive these decisions to this point.

Today, the world faces its worst refugee crisis since the Second World War. The number of forcibly displaced people globally has hit a historic high, with half of them being children. Most refugees seek shelter in neighboring host countries where they encounter barriers to accessing their fundamental right to education, resulting in the emergence of refugee-led educational initiatives. The 4A framework coupled with Nussbaum’s list of capabilities guides our analysis by applying the criteria of - availability, accessibility, acceptability, adaptability - and assesses the potential of refugee-led education among the Rohingya community. Building on a case study of education amongst displaced Rohingyas in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, this research adds to the existing literature on refugee education. This study comprises semi-structured interviews with Rohingya refugees and humanitarian workers from Cox’s Bazar’s education sector as well as academic and grey literature to triangulate the findings. Situated within the academic subfield of migration studies, it contributes to ongoing peace and development efforts, highlighting the importance of global refugee education. The research finds that while refugee-led education initiatives in Cox’s Bazar demonstrate greater availability, accessibility, and adaptability to the Rohingya community’s context compared to traditional models, challenges remain in ensuring full capability development due to limited resources and government restrictions.

This paper explores the employment integration of Syrian refugees in the Swedish labor market, focusing on Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmö. As the largest migrant group in Sweden, Syrians face significant challenges in labor market integration. Understanding the key factors influencing their employment is crucial. By utilizing existing quantitative survey data collected from Syrian refugees in these cities, the study seeks to understand what key factors influence their employment levels. The study’s findings demonstrate that education and language proficiency often correlate with higher employment levels. Regional context also plays a role, with geographic location affecting employment prospects. Moreover, subjective discriminatory experiences are shown to negatively impact employment outcomes, highlighting the need for inclusive practices. Gender disparities are evident, with males consistently demonstrating higher employment levels than females, posing questions on gender roles. This research highlights avenues for improving the employment integration of Syrian refugees.

The purpose of this study is to examine how the values at an independent school with a religious profile influence teaching, classroom climate, and work culture from the teachers' perspectives. Using a qualitative research approach with semi-structured interviews, data was collected from teachers at the school. The analysis was conducted using thematic analysis, resulting in three main themes: the impact on teaching and classroom climate, the influence of values on the environment and interaction in the classroom, and reflection in collaboration and work culture. The results show that the values play a central role in creating an inclusive and respectful learning environment. Teachers use the school's religious profile to reinforce value principles, contributing to a cohesive and supportive school environment.  The study also identifies challenges in integrating values within a multicultural context. Limitations of the study include a gender imbalance among interviewees and the unique context of the specific school, which may affect generalizability. Future research should focus on exploring how different types of schools can work with their values to promote an inclusive and supportive learning environment. / Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur värdegrunden på en fristående skola med religiös profil påverkar undervisningen, klassrumsklimatet och arbetskulturen ur lärarnas perspektiv. Genom en kvalitativ forskningsansats med semistrukturerade intervjuer har data samlats in från lärare på skolan. Analysen genomfördes med hjälp av tematisk analys, vilket resulterade i tre huvudteman: påverkan på undervisning och klassrumsklimat, värdegrundens påverkan på miljön och interaktionen i klassrummet samt reflektion i samarbete och arbetskultur. Resultaten visar att värdegrunden spelar en central roll i att skapa en inkluderande och respektfull lärandemiljö. Lärarna använder skolans religiösa profil för att förstärka värdegrundsprinciperna, vilket bidrar till en sammanhängande och stödjande skolmiljö.  Studien identifierar även utmaningar med att integrera värdegrunden i en mångkulturell kontext. Begränsningarna i studien inkluderar en snedfördelning av kön bland intervjupersonerna och den specifika skolans unika kontext, vilket kan påverka generaliserbarheten. Framtida forskning bör fokusera på att undersöka hur olika typer av skolor kan arbeta med sina värdegrunder för att främja en inkluderande och stödjande lärandemiljö.

Doctorat en sciences sociales, politiques et économiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished