This thesis argues that the Gospel of Mark reflects a social location within the social boundaries of the Jewish ethnos and outlines relevant features of Mark’s configuration of Jewishness. It is divided into two parts. Part one provides a flexible definition of Jewishness in antiquity in order to assess what it meant to be Jewish and what characterized the boundaries between Jews and non-Jews. It makes an independent contribution to the study of Jewishness in antiquity by using a recent sociological model that explains how and why ethnicity matters in certain societies and contexts to map changes and features of Jewishness during the Hasmonean and Early Roman periods (129 BCE–132 CE) in the Southern Levant. It also addresses the relevant methodological issues for locating texts in relation to a social category such as “Jewish.” Part two addresses the Gospel of Mark through the same methodological lens and in light of the re-conceptualization of Jewishness. It both argues that Mark should be read as a Jewish text and addresses how Mark configures Jewishness. It shows that the categorical boundaries in the text reflect a common Jewish way of categorizing and ranking people. In particular, Mark’s narrative assumes a hierarchical relation between the Jews and other people groups (i.e., “gentiles” or “the nations”) in which Jews are to the nations as children are to dogs. In addition, Mark’s narrative employs the concept of the kingdom of God to remake the boundary system of Roman Judea in two ways. First, Mark attempts to overturn the hierarchical Roman/Jew boundary by presenting the kingdom of God as imminent, earthly, and entailing the end of Roman power. Second, Mark subdivides the Jewish ethnos by limiting kingdom membership to “righteous” members of the Jewish ethnos, a strategy shared with the majority of Jewish texts examined in part one. The concluding section addresses the configuration of Jewishness in Mark’s narrative in terms of six common features of ethnic identity. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / This thesis argues that the Gospel of Mark should be read as Jewish literature and examines how Mark configures Jewishness. Part one provides a flexible definition of Jewishness in the Southern Levant during the Hasmonean and Early Roman periods (129 BCE–132 CE). Part two shows that the categorical boundaries in the Gospel of Mark reflect a common Jewish way of categorizing and ranking people groups. It then examines how Mark uses the concepts of the kingdom of God and Torah observance to overturn the hierarchical Roman/Jew boundary and limit kingdom membership to the righteous ones among the Jewish people. While Mark may assume that non-Jews participate in the expected kingdom, the absence of direct evidence highlights the Jewish-centric perspective of Mark’s Gospel.

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences. / Department of Communication

Submitted by Divisão de Documentação/BC null (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-05-14T20:08:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Chris Lopes da Silva_PPGAS.pdf: 5200023 bytes, checksum: d20b074dac732f2ec2e6c7df46093e60 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC null (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-05-14T20:09:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Chris Lopes da Silva_PPGAS.pdf: 5200023 bytes, checksum: d20b074dac732f2ec2e6c7df46093e60 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC null (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-05-14T20:09:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Chris Lopes da Silva_PPGAS.pdf: 5200023 bytes, checksum: d20b074dac732f2ec2e6c7df46093e60 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC null (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-05-14T20:10:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Chris Lopes da Silva_PPGAS.pdf: 5200023 bytes, checksum: d20b074dac732f2ec2e6c7df46093e60 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T20:10:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Chris Lopes da Silva_PPGAS.pdf: 5200023 bytes, checksum: d20b074dac732f2ec2e6c7df46093e60 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-15 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work want to describe the circuit of production artifacts in workmanship Center Torü Cuagüpa Taũ, trying to show how a group of Ticuna ethnicity transforms and inserts its craft production in a market economy, highlighting the relevant aspects of domination and autonomy in the process. The Center is located in the village Bom Caminho, town of Benjamin Constant, the triple border between Brazil and Peru and Colombia. The Ticuna has a strong cultural tradition of manufacturing artifacts. The collective memory reproduces the emergence of humanity, Yoi'i and Ipi, cultural heroes, and his sisters and Mowatcha Aiküna, weaving artifacts while were in the knee of Ngutapa and, to touch the earth brought with them the first objects. In the material world, until the 80s, the production of artifacts in Bom Caminho followed the cultural tradition to meet the domestic context and keep small circuits of exchange established by inter-ethnic relations. By integrating projects and other grounded in the discourse of sustainable development production was and is being encouraged to market by modifying the traditional economy. The artisan as a social agent integrates an category external of Ticuna work culture, potentiated by hegemonic economic trough. However, artisans of Center Crafts work deconstructed this category assuming Ticuna identity. While ethnic group, built a network of relationships based upon a particular type of consumer ethnic borders, where goods and people circulate and have social life. / Este trabalho pretende descrever o circuito da produção de artefatos no Centro de Artesanatos , procurando mostrar como um grupo da etnia Ticuna Torü Cuagüpa Taũ transforma e insere sua produção artesanal na economia de mercado, destacando os aspectos de dominação e autonomia pertinentes nesse processo. O Centro fica localizado na aldeia Bom Caminho, município de Benjamin Constant, na tríplice fronteira do Brasil com o Peru e a Colômbia. O povo Ticuna possui uma forte tradição cultural de fabricação de artefatos. A memória coletiva reproduz que no surgimento da humanidade, e os heróis culturais, e suas irmãs e Ipi, Mowatcha Yoi‟i , teciam artefatos enquanto estavam no joelho de e, ao tocarem a AikünaNgutapa terra, trouxeram consigo os primeiros objetos. No mundo material, até a década de 80, a produção de artefatos em Bom Caminho seguia a tradição cultural para atender ao contexto doméstico e manter pequenos circuitos de trocas estabelecidos pelas relações interétnicas. Por meio de projetos integradores e outros alicerçados no discurso do desenvolvimento sustentável a produção foi e vem sendo incentivada para o mercado, modificando a economia tradicional. O artesão enquanto agente social integra uma categoria de trabalho exterior à sua cultura, potencializada pelo pensamento econômico hegemônico. Entretanto, os artesãos do Centro de Artesanatos desessencializaram esta categoria assumindo a identidade Ticuna. Enquanto grupo étnico, construíram uma rede de relações de fronteiras étnicas embasada num tipo especial de consumo, onde mercadorias e pessoas circulam e possuem vida social.

Lin, Tat Kit. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 208-221). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.ii / Acknowledgements --- p.iv / List of Tables and Illustrations --- p.vi / Chapter Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Significance and Goals --- p.2 / Fieldsite Specification --- p.10 / Literature Review --- p.14 / Theories of Ethnicity / Religion and Ethnicity / Ethnic Studies in Hong Kong / Christianity and Ethnicity in Hong Kong / Christian and other Religious Studies in Hong Kong / Theoretical Orientation --- p.25 / Interpretive Approach / Constructivist Approach / Research Methods --- p.29 / Personal Interviews / Informal Interviews with Church Members / Participant Observation / Review of Church Publications / Structure of the Thesis --- p.34 / Chapter Chapter 2. --- "The Chaoshan Region, Chaozhou Immigrants, Swatow Baptists and the Compatriot Ethnic Churches in Hong Kong" --- p.37 / An Overview of the Chaoshan Region --- p.39 / Chaozhou Immigrants and the Teochiu in Hong Kong --- p.42 / The Compatriot Ethnic Churches in Hong Kong --- p.51 / Baptist Missionary Work in Hong Kong and the Chaoshan Region --- p.54 / Early Baptist Missionary Work in Hong Kong / Baptist Missionary Work in Shantou and Hong Kong / A Brief History of the Kowloon City Swatow Baptist Church --- p.62 / Summary --- p.65 / Chapter Chapter 3. --- Expressions of Chaozhou Identity in the Kowloon City Swatow Baptist Church --- p.69 / The Label --- p.70 / The External Features of Ethnic Identity --- p.73 / The Use of Chaozhou Language / Objects and Activities Linked to Chaozhou Origin / The Transformed Expressions of the Traditional Chaozhou Identity / Subtle Group Boundaries in Church Structure / Subtle Group Boundaries in the Wider Baptist Circle / The Subjective Experience of Church Members --- p.97 / The Spirit of Ethnic Solidarity in the Church / The Affirmation of Chaozhou Identity / Summary --- p.112 / Chapter Chapter 4. --- Reasons for Insisting on Chaozhou Language and Chaozhou Identity --- p.117 / Explanations Proposed by Church Members --- p.118 / "Explanation One---""Most people in this Church are Chaozhou; so of course we keep our Chaozhou identity """ / "Explanation Two----“We need to protect our Tradition """ / Explanation Three---“This is a practical way to absorb Chaozhou Christians and Chaozhou non-believers´ح / Explanation Four---“We need to take care of the aged Chaozhou members ´ة´ة / Explanation Five---“It's can opportunity to learn a language ´ة´ة / Psychocultural Interpretation --- p.132 / Psychocultural Explanation---“´ةm afraid of losing my Chaozhou identity´ح / Summary --- p.146 / Chapter Chapter 5. --- Church Mechanisms Reinforcing Ethnicity --- p.149 / Mechanisms of Naturalization --- p.150 / Religious Meeting as Co-Ethnic Member Meeting / Attendance Numbers of the Morning Service / Annual Celebration Dinner / Mechanisms of Persuasion --- p.160 / Chaozhou Identity Contested / Chaozhou Identity Reinforced / Summary --- p.181 / Chapter Chapter 6. --- Conclusion: The Role of Religion in Maintaining Ethnicity --- p.185 / Preserving Ethnicity in a Church Setting: Religion Helps --- p.186 / Maintaining Ethnicity under Disadvantageous Social Condition: Religion Stimulates --- p.196 / Insisting on Ethnicity without Flexibility: Religion Stunted --- p.201 / Bibliography --- p.208

<p>This study aims to examine how the students ethnic background affects them in their social relationships at school. The main research questions in this study have been: </p><ul><li>How does the ethnic background of students affect there social relationships with their friends at school?</li><li>How does the identity creates and develop in the context of social relationships?</li><li> What significance does the language that is spoken hold in the social relationships of the children</li></ul><p>The main research questions have been investigated based on the students perspective, where the two main methods were individual interviews and observation on the schoolyard during recess. The interviews and observations where carried out at eight informants with three different ethnic backgrounds. The three ethnic backgrounds were Swedish, Somali, and Syrian.           </p><p>The results of the study showed in the interviews that no one of the informants differentiated themselves from their friends who came from different ethnic backgrounds from which they did, they did not categorize themselves based upon their ethnicity. However, worth emphasizing is that the observations showed that what the students said in the interviews was not always, what happened in practice. The conclusion of this study is that ethnicity does not affect the students when choosing their friends, at least not in the same proportion as language does. In addition, the choice of friends was more affected by the residential area, which the informants lived in, more so than by their ethnic background. </p>

This study aims to examine how the students ethnic background affects them in their social relationships at school. The main research questions in this study have been:  How does the ethnic background of students affect there social relationships with their friends at school? How does the identity creates and develop in the context of social relationships?  What significance does the language that is spoken hold in the social relationships of the children The main research questions have been investigated based on the students perspective, where the two main methods were individual interviews and observation on the schoolyard during recess. The interviews and observations where carried out at eight informants with three different ethnic backgrounds. The three ethnic backgrounds were Swedish, Somali, and Syrian.            The results of the study showed in the interviews that no one of the informants differentiated themselves from their friends who came from different ethnic backgrounds from which they did, they did not categorize themselves based upon their ethnicity. However, worth emphasizing is that the observations showed that what the students said in the interviews was not always, what happened in practice. The conclusion of this study is that ethnicity does not affect the students when choosing their friends, at least not in the same proportion as language does. In addition, the choice of friends was more affected by the residential area, which the informants lived in, more so than by their ethnic background.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2004. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 200-203). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

Thesis (doctoral)--Uppsala universitet, 2002. / "Uppsala 2001." Includes bibliographical references (p. 237-248).

There has been much debate over the nature of relations between the different ethnic and racial groups in the United States. Some argue that the United States is a genuinely multi-cultural nation where the opportunity for universal socio-political and economic advancement still exists. Others, however, paint America as a nation fundamentally split down a black'/'white' middle, despite the recent arrival of vast numbers of immigrants from Asia and Latin America and maintain that racially-determined discrimination has irrevocably undermined its pluralist ambitions. It is my belief that neither position offers an entirely accurate portrait of the nature of relations between different ethnic and racial groups, because neither offers a suitably complex and flexible model for boundary or identity construction. Using Bakhtin's theory of 'dialogics' I argue that detective fiction can provide this kind of model because the novel is "heteroglot" and as such reflects all the voices present in society, and the detective acts as a kind of cultural mediator who moves between and thus draws together the different racial and ethnic groups. I also explore the formal and thematic characteristics of detective fiction produced by writers of African-American, Chicano, Cuban and Jewish descent in order to establish how their experiences have been different. Yet, it is not my aim to seal off the various groups in pure ethnic enclaves; rather, to assess whether and where the areas of commonality exist. To this extent, I theorize 'race' and 'ethnicity' as overlapping yet diverging categories. I argue that the ethnic detective novel acknowledges this situation and offers a model for identity construction which both recognizes the extent of racial divisions but which is also flexible enough to acknowledge that significant group interplay does also take place.

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