Orientador: Lin Chau Ming / Banca: Izabel de carvalho / Banca: Natália Hanazaki / Resumo: O presente trabalho teve por objetivo realizar levantamento das plantas medicinais utilizadas pela Associação de Produtores Orgânicos da Região de Botucatu, SP e sistematizar, organizar e registrar tais informações. O período de realização do trabalho de campo foi de janeiro a dezembro de 2003; foram entrevistados quinze produtores, com intervalo médio de uma visita semanal. A metodologia utilizada constou de entrevistas semi-estruturadas e estruturadas, através de questionários e observação participante. Os dados foram anotados em caderneta de campo; foi realizada uma caminhada com cada informante aos locais de coleta e registro fotográfico. O material botânico coletado foi devidamente prensado no campo por indicação e na presença do informante. Os resultados indicam o uso de plantas medicinais para os primeiros cuidados com a saúde. Obteve-se no total 76 plantas citadas de uso medicinal, distribuídas em 39 famílias botânicas. As famílias Asteraceae e Lamiaceae apresentaram espécies com maior número de citações. A maioria das plantas possui hábito de crescimento herbáceo, origem exótica e são cultivadas. Dentre as partes vegetais empregadas, a folha é a mais utilizada, e a principal forma de preparo de remédios é chá (infusão). As indicações terapêuticas mais destacadas foram para doenças do aparelho digestivo e respiratório. / Abstract: The present work has as objective to make a survey of the medicinal plants used by the growers of the Organic Association of the Area of Botucatu, SP, to systematize, to organize and to register such information. The accomplishment period was from January to December of 2003, fifteen growers were interviewed through weekly visits. The used methodology was semi-structured and structured interviews, through questionnaires, and participant observation. The data were logged in field notebook; a walk was accomplished with each informant to the collection places and there was also a photographic registration. The collected botanical material was pressed properly in the field by indication and presence of the informant. The results indicate the use of medicinal plants for the first cares with the health. It was obtained in the total 76 plants mentioned to medicinal using and distributed in 39 botanical families. The families Asteraceae and Lamiaceae presented species with higher number of citations. Most of the plants possesses habit of herbaceous growth, exotic origin and cultivated. Among the plants parts employed, the leaf is the more used, and tea is the main form that is used to prepare medicines (infusion). Diseases of the digestive and breathing system were the more outstanding therapeutic indications. / Mestre

Submitted by Kamila Costa (kamilavasconceloscosta@gmail.com) on 2015-06-09T19:40:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese-Antonia Lima da Silva.pdf: 3076920 bytes, checksum: 62d6d4a0a063f9934665ac686d458f20 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-06-10T15:31:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese-Antonia Lima da Silva.pdf: 3076920 bytes, checksum: 62d6d4a0a063f9934665ac686d458f20 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-06-10T15:39:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese-Antonia Lima da Silva.pdf: 3076920 bytes, checksum: 62d6d4a0a063f9934665ac686d458f20 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-10T15:39:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese-Antonia Lima da Silva.pdf: 3076920 bytes, checksum: 62d6d4a0a063f9934665ac686d458f20 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-30 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Currently researchers from all over the world are seeking alternatives for the treatment of malaria, especially that caused by Plasmodium falciparum, which has shown resistance to quinine derivatives in several regions of the world. The artemisinin revives the prospect of be found in the amazon environment, some effective specie for the treatment of malaria, among the many used by local residents from the region, as has already occurred with the cinchona tree. These studies, in traditional communities of Boca do Acre city in the state of Amazonas, will contribute to rescue the knowledge and concepts developed on the use and cultivation of antimalarial plants, and contribute positively to the conservation of these plant resources and local culture, as the cities have suffered a large reduction of flora and destruction of habitats, as well as the change in the popular culture of the people living in this biome, due to the big impact of agricultural and livestock practice. The objective was to identify the traditional knowledge through ethnobotanical approach associated with the cultivation, use, management and conservation of antimalarial plant species by traditional communities of Boca do Acre city in the state of Amazonas. The study was conducted in Boca do Acre city, in the area of influence of the middle Purus, selected according to the occurrence of malaria, based on the Annual Parasitic Index (IPA) 2010, provided by the Health Surveillance Foundation (FVS). It was made visits in the houses for the collection of information on respondents, knowledge about malaria and the plants used for prevention, treatment or cure through semi-structured interviews. The collected data were tabulated in Excel. In total 61 people were interviewed, between men and women. The residents of the main communities of this research, have an empirical knowledge about the malaria disease, and its possible implications in their daily lives. Among the group of people selected for the interviews, it was observed that women are the main holders of knowledge related to the use of medicinal plants and that 75% were born in the own city. The age and gender of respondents influence on the use of plants related to the treatment of malaria and associated ills and about 27 people said to have livestock activity as main source of income and 17 people said they had never contracted malaria. Among the informants, malaria is also known as ague and paludismo and the symptoms of malaria cited were fever, body pain, weakness, headache, loss of appetite, cold, bitter mouth, dizziness, eye pain, anemia, liver pain, and malaise. In total were cited 70 plant species used for malaria and its associated maladies, being 23 exclusively for the use of malaria. From the total of cited plants, the majority are from exotic origin, with herbaceous growth habit, cultivated by these populations in their yards. The leaves and barks are the main parts of the plants used in the preparation of medicines, especially in the form of infusion. With regard to medicinal plant production systems, some concern with maintaining local biodiversity was observed. The results of this study show that the concern with maintaining the biodiversity of the Amazon region is true, because the region still has a large number of species with medicinal potential, but still unknown by pharmaceutical companies. The traditional knowledge associated with the use of plants will actually help in the discovery of chemical compounds directed to diseases, especially malaria. / Atualmente pesquisadores de diversas partes do mundo vêm buscando alternativas para o tratamento da malária, principalmente daquela causada por Plasmodium falciparum, a qual vem apresentando resistência aos derivados de quinino em diversas regiões do mundo. A artemisinina reanima a perspectiva de se encontrar no ambiente amazônico, alguma espécie efetiva, dentre as inúmeras utilizadas pelos habitantes da região, para o tratamento da malária, a exemplo do que já ocorreu com a quina. Esses estudos, em comunidades tradicionais do município de Boca do Acre, no estado do Amazonas, contribuirão para resgatar os conhecimentos e conceitos desenvolvidos sobre o uso e cultivo de plantas antimaláricas, além de contribuir positivamente na conservação desses recursos vegetais e da cultura local, pois os municípios vêm sofrendo uma vasta redução da flora e destruição dos habitat, assim como a alteração da cultura popular das pessoas que vivem desse bioma, decorrente do grande impacto causado pela prática agropecuária. O objetivo do trabalho foi de identificar o saber tradicional através do enfoque etnobotânico associado ao cultivo, uso, manejo e conservação de espécies vegetais antimaláricas por comunidades tradicionais do município de Boca do Acre no Estado do Amazonas. O estudo foi realizado no município de Boca do Acre, na área de influência do médio Purus, selecionado de acordo com a ocorrência de malária, com base no Índice Parasitário Anual (IPA) de 2010, fornecido pela Fundação de Vigilância Sanitária (FVS). Foram realizadas visitas às casas, para o levantamento de informações sobre os informantes, conhecimentos sobre malária e as plantas utilizadas para prevenção, tratamento ou cura, através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Os dados coletados foram tabulados em Excel. Ao todo foram entrevistados 61 pessoas, entre homens e mulheres. Os moradores das comunidades foco desta pesquisa possuem um conhecimento empírico sobre a doença da malária, e suas possíveis implicações em seu cotidiano. Entre o total das pessoas selecionadas para as entrevistas, foi observado que as mulheres são as principais detentoras do conhecimento relacionado ao uso de plantas medicinais e que 75% nasceram no próprio município. A idade e gênero dos entrevistados influenciam sobre o uso de plantas voltadas para o tratamento da malária e males associados e cerca de 27 pessoas disseram ter a atividade da pecuária como fonte de renda principal e 17 pessoas afirmaram nunca ter contraído a malária. Entre os informantes, a malária também é conhecida como sezão e paludismo e os sintomas da malária citados foram febre, dor no corpo, fraqueza, dor de cabeça, falta de apetite, frio, boca amarga, tontura, dor nos olhos, anemia, dor no fígado, e mal estar. Ao todo foram citadas 70 espécies de plantas utilizadas para a malária e seus males associados, sendo 23 exclusivamente para o uso da malária. Da totalidade de plantas citadas a maioria são de origem exótica, com hábito de crescimento herbáceo, cultivadas por essas populações em seus quintais. As folhas e as cascas são as principais partes das plantas usadas na preparação de remédios, principalmente na forma de infusão. No que se refere aos sistemas de produção de plantas medicinais, foi observado a preocupação com a manutenção da biodiversidade local. Os resultados deste estudo mostram que a preocupação com a manutenção da biodiversidade da região Amazônica é verdadeira, pois a região ainda apresenta um vasto número de espécies com potencial medicinal, mas ainda desconhecidas pelas indústrias farmacêuticas. O conhecimento tradicional associado ao uso de plantas irão de fato ajudar na descoberta de compostos químicos voltados para doenças, principalmente a malária.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2015-08-08T00:17:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??oFinal.CORRIGIDA.Regina.pdf: 7075716 bytes, checksum: 23fbdf64abf1f7854256e33234630f36 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-08T00:17:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??oFinal.CORRIGIDA.Regina.pdf: 7075716 bytes, checksum: 23fbdf64abf1f7854256e33234630f36 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-31 / Communities living around the areas of access to natural resources hold important information about the use and potential of useful plants available, as well as the skills and techniques adopted for collection. However, overpumping of plants can modify their population structure and change the dynamics of the individual in the long term. Thus, this study collected data on knowledge, use and collection techniques of candomb? (Vellozia sincorana L.B.Sm. & Ayensu), an endemic plant of the rocky fields of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil, used by locals as fuel to start burning in wood stoves, and evaluate their population structure in collection areas suggested by local collectors, whose populations are under varying degrees of accessibility. The study was outlined to answer the following questions: a) To what purpose the residents of local communities in the Chapada Diamantina use candomb?? b) The uses listed vary by occupation and gender of the informants? c) What are the most used categories of use in communities? d) What are the main sites for the extraction of the species? e) What are the techniques used to cut and plant selection? f) There are differences in the densities, heights and diameters of the individual populations of V. sincorana two operating environments? We interviewed 37 key informants in six rural communities in the Chapada Diamantina. The usage category "Fuel" was the most reported with 55 citations, followed by trade (12) technology (10) ritual (2). Both men (G = 14.1272, p <0.01), compared to women, as the ex-miners (G = 32.643, p <0.001) compared to other occupations seem significantly better understand the utility of the species indicating that probably the difficult access to candomb?, associated with its location in the vicinity of the old mining areas benefited men to better knowledge of candomb?. We sampled 814 individuals of V. sincorana the six populations studied. Environments more distant tracks presented density (ind.m?) is significantly higher compared to the environments closest track, indicating that the environments more accessible to the resource are more disturbed, but now seem to be being replaced by more distant areas, which can be found higher plant density and individuals with characteristics preferred by collectors. It can be inferred that currently candomb? has no economic importance, but has great cultural significance for human populations in rural communities of the Chapada Diamantina, which hold techniques and skills for collecting the resource that are relevant to subsidize actions management and conservation of V. sincorana, since this species populations showed changes in structure between different access environments the species. / Comunidades que vivem nos arredores de ?reas de acesso a recursos naturais det?m informa??es importantes sobre o uso e potencial de plantas ?teis dispon?-veis, assim como as t?cnicas e habilidades adotadas para coleta. No entanto, a extra??o exagerada de plantas pode modificar a sua estrutura populacional e alte-rar a din?mica do indiv?duo em longo prazo. Desta forma, o presente estudo le-vantou informa??es sobre conhecimento, uso e t?cnicas de coleta do candomb? (Vellozia sincorana L.B.Sm. & Ayensu), planta end?mica dos campos rupestres da Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brasil, utilizada por moradores locais como combus-t?vel para iniciar queima em fog?es a lenha, al?m de avaliar a sua estrutura po-pulacional em ?reas de coleta sugeridas por coletores locais, cujas popula??es est?o sob diferentes graus de acessibilidade. O estudo foi esquematizado para responder as seguintes perguntas: a) Para qual finalidade os moradores de co-munidades locais da Chapada Diamantina utilizam o candomb?? b) Os usos indi-cados variam de acordo com a ocupa??o e g?nero dos informantes? c) Quais s?o as categorias de uso mais utilizadas nas comunidades? d) Quais s?o os principais locais para extra??o da esp?cie? e) Quais s?o as t?cnicas usadas para corte e sele??o da planta? f) H? diferen?as nas densidades, alturas e di?metros dos indi-v?duos de popula??es de V. sincorana em dois ambientes de explora??o? Entre-vistaram-se 37 informantes-chave em seis comunidades rurais da Chapada Dia-mantina. A categoria de uso ?combust?vel? foi a mais reportada com 55 cita??es, seguida de com?rcio (12), tecnol?gico (10) e Ritual (2). Tanto os homens (G=14,1272; p<0,01), em rela??o ?s mulheres, quanto os ex-garimpeiros (G=32,643; p<0,001), em rela??o ?s demais ocupa??es parecem significativamente conhecer melhor as utilidades da esp?cie, indicando que provavelmente o dif?cil acesso ao candomb?, associado ? sua localiza??o no entorno das antigas ?reas de minera??o beneficiou os homens para melhor conhecimento do candomb?. Foram amostrados 814 indiv?duos de V. sincorana nas seis popula??es estudadas. Os ambientes mais distantes das trilhas apresentaram densidade (ind.m?) significativamente maior em rela??o aos ambientes mais pr?ximos da trilha, indicando que os ambientes mais acess?veis ao recurso s?o mais perturbados, por?m atualmente parecem estar sendo substitu?dos por ?reas mais distantes, onde pode ser encontrada maior densidade de plantas e indiv?duos com caracter?sticas preferidas por coletores. Pode-se inferir que atualmente o candomb? n?o possui import?ncia econ?mica, mas tem grande import?ncia cultural para as popula??es humanas de comunidades rurais da Chapada Diamantina, que det?m t?cnicas e habilidades para coleta do recurso que s?o relevantes para subsidiar a??es de manejo e conserva??o de V. sincorana, uma vez que as popula??es desta esp?cie apresentaram altera??es na sua estrutura entre os diferentes ambientes de acesso a esp?cie.

Thesis (M. A. (Anthropology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2016 / The baobab tree (Adansonia digitata), with more than 300 cultural and ethnobotanical uses in Africa has been identified as one of the most important savanna trees to be conserved, domesticated and valorised on the continent. A decline in baobab populations due to overexploitation could have a significant negative effect on African livelihoods. Therefore, it is important to determine potential strategies for the conservation of this tree species. The study aimed to explore the cultural significance and ethnobotanical use, as well as conservation of baobab trees by the Sagole community in the Vhembe District of the Limpopo Province, South Africa. Furthermore, the conservation efforts of this community and the provincial government were also elucidated. In the Sagole community 40 local community members, aged 20 years and older, were selected via convenience sampling. A semi-structured questionnaire was employed to collect information on the cultural significance of baobab trees to members of this community. Research questions focussed specifically on identifying folk taxonomy, the transfer of species-specific information to younger generations, and cultural taboos pertaining to the baobab. It has been discovered that young people of Sagole are not well versed in the cultural value pertaining to baobabs. Furthermore, members of the community and the village head (chief) have limited knowledge related to taboos associated with this species. Thus, when individuals transgressed a taboo related to this tree species there is no formal punishment. Sagole community members use baobab trees for various purposes such as food and medicine. The species is used medically to cure various ailments. Most inhabitants in the community harvest this tree. The most common plant parts harvested for cultural use are the fruits, bark, roots and leaves. However, community members have limited knowledge about the taboos related to harvesting of this majestic tree.

Native plants still play an important part in the lives of some American Indians. This thesis describes recent foraging practices which persist among the Harney Valley Paiute, a group of Northern Paiute Indians which formerly occupied all of Harney Valley in southeastern Oregon. The field research was conducted from 1973 to 1978. The traditional seasonal harvest round is described as well as the identification, habitat, distribution, and seasonality of forty-one plant species. Native plant use, subsistence and the role of plants, foraging techniques, implements, processing, preservation, intertribal relations, trade patterns, and tribal movements are also presented.

No description available.

Life was difficult in Te Wai Pounamu before European contact. Food collecting had to return more calories than were expended in the efforts of acquisition. Areas where food was available were conserved as well as enhanced and were exploited seasonally in such a way as to optimise each season's take. It is suggested that the absence of kumera cultivations south of the Opihi river, prior to the introduction of the potato towards the end of the 18th Century, was clearly reflected in Maori life-style and social structure. Hapu were resource based rather than regional, and the resources of various hapu might be intermingled over a wide area or indeed, in some cases, shared (see: Anderson, 1980). The "orthodox" view (Anderson, 1980, etc.) is one of "Hunters and Gatherers" who exploit available resources. I argue that the resources were, in fact, managed with a view to sustainable and optimal harvests in the future. I shall apply Harris' (1987:75) optimal foraging theory in an endeavour to show that there are signs of the quality of life as a result of a low per capita human energy input into food production. This is principally evidenced by the foods eaten just for pleasure (kai rehia) and the time available for optional activities. Accordingly, kai and the practices to control them differed from the often better documented food resources of more Northern parts of Te Wai Pounamu and Aotearoa. Nevertheless, the absence of horticulture in the south and the concomitant peripatetic life-style did not result in a lack of stewardship of resources. Based substantially on the analysis of a series of mahika kai lists, collected from elders early in the contact period, and details of traditional practices that have been handed down, this thesis argues that by 1780, when Captain Cook introduced European goods, southern Kai Tahu had in place effective procedures and practices for the sustainable use of renewable resources.

Wood identification can serve a role wherever wood has been separated from other diagnostic plant structures as a result of cultural or taphonomic processing. In disciplines that study material culture, such as museum anthropology and art history, it may serve to augment and verify existing knowledge, whilst in fields like palaeobotany, zoology and archaeology, wood identification may test existing paradigms of ecology and human behaviour. However, resources to aid wood identification, particularly of non - commercial species, are sorely lacking and, in Australia, there are only a handful of xylotomists, most of whom are attached to Forestry organisations. In addition, wood fragments are commonly the limit of material available for identification. They may be the physical remains of a wider matrix - as may often appear in biological, archaeological, palaeobotanical or forensic contexts - or a splinter removed from an ethnographic artefact or antique. This research involved the development of an updateable, interactive, computer - based identification tool to the wood of 58 arid Australian species. The identification tool comprises a series of keys and sub - keys to reflect the taxonomic hierarchies and the difficulty of separating wood beyond family or genus. The central Sub - key to Arid Australian Hardwood Taxa is comprised of 20 angiosperm taxa which include families and single representatives of genera. The treated taxa in this key are defined by 57 separate characters. They are split into sets of like characters including four sets based upon method of examination : anatomical ( scanning electron microscopy ), anatomical ( light microscopy ), chemical observations and physical properties. These character sets follow a logical progression, in recognition of the variability in available sample size and that noninvasive techniques are often desirable, if not essential. The use of character sets also reflects that this variability in sample size can affect the range of available characters and the available method of identification, and their diagnostic potential tends to increase with the complexity of the identification method. As part of the research, the identification tool is tested against wood fragments removed from several Aboriginal Australian artefacts from central Australia and case studies are provided. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2005.

<p>Botanical pesticides are agricultural pest management agents which are based on plant extracts. In modern times these have been used as alternatives to synthetic chemicals in organic pest management. The practice of using plant materials against field and storage pests however has a long history in many indigenous and traditional farming communities across the world. During February and March 2009 a field study was conducted in Babati district in Manyara region, Tanzania to investigate the local use of botanical pesticides. The results from the field study were subsequently analyzed and contextualized in Nicanor Perlas model The Seven Dimensions of Sustainable Agriculture which was used as a framework theory. The analysis indicates that there are a variety of thresholds for the use of botanical pesticides in sustainable agriculture in Babati district besides the more obvious practical aspects. The latter parts of the paper discuss the differences between reductionist and holistic, indigenous and scientific ways of achieving knowledge with regard to plant based pesticides. The study concludes that ecological pest management is a holistic method based on the synergy of a variety of farming practices. Indigenous knowledge which is holistic, site-specific and experience based has therefore much to offer modern endeavours to practice a more sustainable agriculture and pest management strategies which consider the welfare of both humanity and the environment.</p>

Botanical pesticides are agricultural pest management agents which are based on plant extracts. In modern times these have been used as alternatives to synthetic chemicals in organic pest management. The practice of using plant materials against field and storage pests however has a long history in many indigenous and traditional farming communities across the world. During February and March 2009 a field study was conducted in Babati district in Manyara region, Tanzania to investigate the local use of botanical pesticides. The results from the field study were subsequently analyzed and contextualized in Nicanor Perlas model The Seven Dimensions of Sustainable Agriculture which was used as a framework theory. The analysis indicates that there are a variety of thresholds for the use of botanical pesticides in sustainable agriculture in Babati district besides the more obvious practical aspects. The latter parts of the paper discuss the differences between reductionist and holistic, indigenous and scientific ways of achieving knowledge with regard to plant based pesticides. The study concludes that ecological pest management is a holistic method based on the synergy of a variety of farming practices. Indigenous knowledge which is holistic, site-specific and experience based has therefore much to offer modern endeavours to practice a more sustainable agriculture and pest management strategies which consider the welfare of both humanity and the environment.