The impact of religion on reproductive behaviour Abstract Religion is one of the reproductive behaviour determinants examined in literature. The aim of this thesis is to find a relation between religion, religiosity and a level of fertility. Using the method of Poisson regression, the thesis analyses data from "European Value Study" comparing the Czech Republic, Italy, Germany and Poland and data from research "Detraditionalitization and individualization of religion in the Czech Republic in 2006". Using literature, established hypotheses assume a higher level of fertility among religiously active population. Affiliation with a denomination, frequency of church service visits, importance of religion in life, demographic and socioeconomic indicators are used as variables. Part of the thesis is devoted to a qualitative researched focused on young believers with academic education. The research deals with their attitude to the Church and opinions on religious teaching, norms and prohibitions. Key words: religiosity, religion, fertility, qualitative research, European Values Study

Sambandet mellan individers klassbakgrund och utbildningsbakgrund med nuvarande värderingar i sociokulturella respektive socioekonomiska dimensioner undersöks. En genomgång av tidigare forskning, såväl kvantiativ, kvalitativ, som samhällsteori, ger flera konkreta hypoteser som testas. Sociokulturella värderingar operationaliseras genom Ingleharts postmaterialism-index. Socioekonomiska värderingar genom ett egenskapat index för socioekonomisk interventionism. Metoden är en multivariat regression med landfixa effekter, på data från European Values Survey, ur vilket väljs 21 europeiska OECD-länder. Förutom demografiska kontroller kontrolleras för nuvarande klass och utbildning. För socioekonomiska värderingar visar resultatet på små eller icke-existerande effekter för klassbakgrund och utbildningsbakgrund. Den starkaste effekten ges istället av nuvarande klassposition. För sociokulturella värderingar är resultatet att klassbakgrund har starkt förklaringsvärde för nuvarande värderingar, även efter kontroller för utbildning och klass. Denna effekt är jämförbar med utbildning och minst lika stark som den för klass. Andelen förklarad varians i samtliga modeller är samtidigt mycket låg. För kvantitativ värderingsforskning har resultaten implikationen att modeller för sociokulturella värderingar inte bara kan undersöka klass och utbildning, utan även måste även ta hänsyn till klassbakgrund. För teorier om primärsocialisering bekräftar vi en viktig och bestående roll, men också att enbart en liten del av variationen kan förklaras av variablerna vi använder. Slutligen ger de skilda mönster vi finner för värderingarna skäl att tro att dessa tillägnas genom olika mekanismer.

This thesis investigates the occurrence of a shift in the EU’s narration about the Self and Ukraine after the Russian invasion in 2022. Previous research points toward the EU as having a diminishing outlook on Eastern Europe and constantly keeping Ukraine at arm’s length. Furthermore, the EU has imagined Eastern Europe gazing longingly and admiringly toward the EU. However, this thesis contends there has been a shift in this view regarding Ukraine compared to 2014, after the Russian annexation of Crimea. Theoretically, Europe is conceptualized as a community of values, a signifier, and a lacking subject without a complete identity. This theorizing leaves the demarcation of the EU’s identity borders contingent. The analysis discerns that the EU in 2022 narrates the Self as a project and a dream, with Ukraine displaying European values and vitality to this dream. This narration leaves space for the signifier Europe to expand its scope to Ukraine. The gaze that reflects at the EU is not of naive admiration but of strength and endurance, compelling the EU to narrate Ukraine as part of the Self. Moreover, this changed Ukrainian gaze strengthens the European identity based on values because Ukraine shows that European values are worth dying for.

The aim of this work is to provide a theoretical overview of research studies on cultural differences and their critical evaluation. The quantitative research on national and cultural comparison of generations X and Y in the Czech Republic will be implemented on the basis of a reduced questionnaire used in the research of European Values Survey in 2008. The data analysis will focus both on the current research and creating a time series of selected variables, using the results of previous research within European Values Survey. The starting point for comparing the behaviour of Generation X and Generation Y will be the national-cultural model of World Values Survey, and the results will be applied to marketing mix. The conclusion provides an overview and evaluation of the particular generations in terms of cultural performance as well as of marketing.

Western society has undergone a major developments in human values, social norms and the degree of tolerance to various manifestations of human behavior after the World War II. and this development naturally continues until today. With this is connected a permissive society, society with so free normative structure, that it tolerates almost all kinds of social behavior. For some people is exaggerated liberality harmful and threatens normative system and values asociated with moral decline. The thesis will be about permissiveness and tolerance to some kinds of people's action in Czech republic. At the very beginning of the theoretical part I will explain the basic concepts. Then I'll make a probe into the past and explain social revolution which led to formation of permissive society with all important causes. After that I'll focuse on main symptoms of permissive society. Theoretical part will be ended by historical look at the conditions for permissiveness in post-war Czech. In analytical part I will use data from European values study, my based on that quantitative research from year 2014 and other available data. There will be general anaylisis about development of permissivenes since 1991 till today. My 2014 data will be also used in more detailed analysis using sociodemographic characteristics. Powered...

The European Values Education (EVE) project is a large-scale, cross-national, and longitudinal survey research program on basic human values. The main topic of its first stage was "work" in Europe. Student teachers of several universities in Europe worked together in multicultural exchange groups. Their results are presented in this issue.

1. Background information 2. Explanations during the lessons 3. Deepening under standing in some assignments 4. Conclusion

1. Critical thinking in curriculum framework 2. A general look at critical thinking 3. How critical thinking take s place in the classroom and some specific examples 4. Suggestions 5. Conclusion

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1. Eastern Europe: the case of Czech Republic and Slovakia 2. Turkey 3. The EVE Curriculum Framework - Developments on the second phase (Clare Brooks) 4. Evaluations 5. Main changes to the curriculum Framework 6. Looking Forwards