LOPES, Karla Karoline Vieira. Avaliação do ensino- aprendizagem nos projetos pedagógicos dos cursos de graduação da Universidade Federal do Ceará. 2013. 130f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza (CE), 2013. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-06-11T11:35:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_kkvlopes.pdf: 1550759 bytes, checksum: f72d69f6e34125338b8a515d10f5953b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-06-11T15:04:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_kkvlopes.pdf: 1550759 bytes, checksum: f72d69f6e34125338b8a515d10f5953b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T15:04:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_kkvlopes.pdf: 1550759 bytes, checksum: f72d69f6e34125338b8a515d10f5953b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Ante as alterações e desafios enfrentados pela educação brasileira, as universidades, como instituições que oferecem educação formal, buscam sempre mais, ofertar um ensino de qualidade aos seus alunos. Na tentativa de observar a consolidação de seus fins – quais sejam, o de promover formação humana e profissional aos estudantes, preservar e difundir conhecimentos científicos, artísticos, tecnológicos e culturais, formando pessoas aptas a exercitar sua cidadania e alcançar seu pleno desenvolvimento – os sistemas de ensino constituíram instrumentos para aferir esses objetivos. As avaliações buscam averiguar o ensino-aprendizagem e se este proporcionou o desenvolvimento de determinadas competências e conhecimentos exigidos nos testes, comparando-os àqueles, definidos pela comunidade acadêmica. Desse modo, este estudo se propõe analisar a avaliação do ensino-aprendizagem dos cursos de Graduação da Universidade Federal do Ceará - UFC, comparando princípios e objetivos institucionais com a percepção dos coordenadores de curso sobre a temática. O estudo é qualitativo, descritivo, e foi dividido em duas etapas: análise teórico-documental e entrevista semiestruturada com 11 coordenadores de vários cursos e áreas de saber, distribuídos pelas unidades acadêmicas da UFC. No primeiro momento, foram analisados o Plano Pedagógico Institucional – PPI, o Plano de Desenvolvimento Institucional – PDI e os projetos pedagógicos dos cursos, quanto aos princípios institucionais e norteadores, bem como os objetivos institucionais e individuais de cada curso. No segundo momento, foram realizadas entrevistas com os coordenadores desses 11 cursos, para o registro de suas percepções e posterior comparação com os dados coletados pela análise documental. A amostra utilizada para a coleta desses dados foram os projetos pedagógicos e entrevistas realizadas com os coordenadores dos cursos de Biotecnologia, Agronomia, Engenharia Ambiental, Letras, Direito, Ciências Econômicas, Enfermagem, Fisioterapia, Ciências Ambientais, Sistemas e Mídias Digitais e Gastronomia. Da comparação entre projetos pedagógicos e falas dos coordenadores de cursos, observou-se que há uma diferença entre a avaliação do ensino-aprendizagem praticada pelos professores e aquela definida nos projetos pedagógicos. Além dessa diferença, constatou-se que a avaliação dos cursos parece não estar bem articulada aos princípios e objetivos institucionais de formação e de cada curso. Outros pontos indicados pelos entrevistados e pela análise dos documentos foram: a necessidade de explicitar formas de acompanhamento das dificuldades de aprendizado dos alunos; o uso da avaliação como instrumento de poder e autoridade por parte do professor; a dificuldade de elaboração de instrumentos de avaliação, adequados e satisfatórios aos objetivos propostos por parte de cada curso e a falta de preparo dos professores para a docência do ensino superior, bem como o desafio em propor currículos flexíveis e adequados às atuais demandas sociais. Conclui-se que ainda há grande necessidade de planejamento coletivo das ações – com a discussão dos projetos pedagógicos dos cursos e dos objetivos institucionais – e de formação contínua dos professores, mediadas pela avaliação do ensino-aprendizagem como norteadora das mudanças pretendidas.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-06-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:19:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 mesquita_aaf_me_sjrp.pdf: 1232855 bytes, checksum: 7d408aa222772940ac977ca3fc94db83 (MD5) / Esta dissertação é parte do projeto temático “TELETANDEM BRASIL – Línguas Estrangeiras para todos”, desenvolvido pela UNESP (Campus de São José do Rio Preto) em parceria com várias instituições superiores internacionais e com o objetivo de colocar pares de alunos universitários estrangeiros em contato com alunos universitários brasileiros para aprenderem as línguas um do outro por meio dos recursos de leitura, escrita, áudio e vídeo do MSN Live Messenger, OOVO e Skype – um TELETANDEM. Assim, esta dissertação tem o objetivo de investigar as crenças sobre avaliação trazidas por uma interagente brasileira e uma mediadora ( aluna de doutorado) ao teletandem, e como essas interagem na construção do processo de ensino e aprendizagem no tandem a distância. Como fundamentação teórica, esta pesquisa apresenta estudos sobre: (a) crenças de ensino e aprendizagem e avaliação; (b) avaliação no processo de ensino e aprendizagem; (c) concepções e visões do erro no ensino de línguas; e (d) tecnologia aplicada ao ensino. Este trabalho é um estudo de caso de caráter qualitativo e de natureza etnográfica e para a coleta de dados, utilizaram-se os seguintes instrumentos: a) questionário, b) gravações em chats das interações, c) gravações em áudio das mediações, d) autobiografia dos participantes, e e) diários das interações e das mediações. Para a análise dos dados foi feita uma triangulação dos registros coletados. Por meio da análise dos dados foi possível inferir que a interagente, quando no papel de professora, predominantemente preocupava-se com a comunicação e não com a correção dos erros, apresentando assim, uma concepção de avaliação mais próxima dos princípios da avaliação mediadora. Porém, como aluna, apesar de a mediadora ter tentado demonstrar que cometer erros era algo natural no processo de ensino e aprendizagem... / This work is part of the project TELETANDEM BRASIL - Foreign Languages for all, developed by UNESP (Campus of São José do Rio Preto) in partnership with many international institutions and with the purpose of putting pairs of foreign university students in touch with Brazilian university students to learn the languages of each other through the resources of reading, writing, audio and video of the MSN Live Messenger, Skype and OOVO - a TELETANDEM. Therefore, this dissertation has the purpose of investigating the beliefs on evaluation brought by a mediator and one Brazilian Teletandem partner, and how they interact in the construction of the process of teaching and learning in the distance tandem. The theoretical underpinnings for this research are studies about: (a) beliefs of teaching and learning and assessment, (b) evaluation in the process of teaching and learning, (c) concepts and visions of error in language teaching, and (d) technology applied to education. For the data collection, the following instruments were used: a) questionnaires, b) chat recordings of the interactions, c) audio recordings of mediations, d) autobiography of the participants, e) diaries of the interactions and mediations. For the analysis of the data, a triangulation was made from the collected data, interactions were considered the primary data, and from them, all the other data were used for the confirmation or not of the points found. Through the data analysis, it was inferred that the Brazilian partner, when in the role of the teacher, was mainly concerned with communication and not with correction of errors, showing therefore, signs of an evaluation close to the principles of the mediator evaluation. However, as student, although the mediator tried to show her that there was no problem about making mistakes, she remained concerned about not making them. This behavior is a sign of traditional evaluation... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Title: Student formative class evaluation Objectives: The master's thesis puts into concept a formative evaluation of students' teaching. It deals with its use in physical education, analyzes the contents of selected research papers from this area. Methods: The methods of analysis, comparison, induction, deduction and synthesis of collected knowledge are used. From a methodological point of view the master's thesis can be described as the survey work containing the elements of comparison. Results: There is still a strong emphasis on summative evaluation rather than on formative evaluation. However, among experts, there is a consensus that formative evaluation is more important. Usable methods of formative evaluation have been found, sorted, compared and described with particular attention paid to the applications in physical education. Conclusions: Formative evaluation of students' teaching is a valuable innovation of the educational process. The research of possibilities of this type of students' participation is only at the beginning. Keywords Evaluation of teaching, teacher evaluation, formative evaluation, physical education, feedback, reflection

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:33:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LUCIANE MARIS URVANEJA NAZARETH.pdf: 388657 bytes, checksum: 1e35f0f72e570b5c3f90f97996dcb570 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-24 / The need to learn a foreign language becomes increasingly present in both the day-to-day as in the world of work. The Training Course for Officers at Air Force Academy (AFA) in Pirassununga lasts four years and offers within its curriculum, English classes to the cadets. The field of oral mode of language is of paramount importance in the lives of future military pilots, since it is used in talk radio (phraseology) inside the aircraft and missions abroad. The dominance of English in the operational area of aviation is a key issue in terms of security. Several aircraft accidents, either on the ground or in flight, that were caused by miscommunication or misunderstandings between pilots and control tower. This study investigated the extent to which English course offered the cadets of the AFA (Course of general education and specific training), allows the acquisition of fluency in English required for competent performance of cadet airman. To achieve this goal we performed the documental analysis of Curriculum of English Language and English Instrumental Assessment Plan of the Air Force Academy and assessment tools applied to a class of 188 cadets at the end of 2nd and 4th years, between 2004 and 2006, aiming to derive if the targets with regard to the fluency of English were affected. Characterized, as well as a qualitative research, and was adopted as a methodological procedure to document analysis of curriculum in English with a focus on oral mode of language based on the Plan of Teaching Units, the Plan Evaluation Force Academy Air and Reports Analysis and assessment of quality teaching of the language course as well as official documents of the Air Force Academy and Air Force Command. After analyzing the results, the research indicates that between 2004 and 2006 the emphasis of the English course was in developing the skills of reading and writing, listening and speaking relegating the real focus of the course according to the Teaching Units Plan, the background. Thus, we obtained that the general objectives of the discipline, that would be to interpret written texts and oral presentations, and use speech acts in English and writing at advanced level were not achieved at the level proposed, which may have caused an insufficient learning and which might have affected the field of oral language. / A necessidade de aprender uma L?ngua Estrangeira se faz cada vez mais presente tanto no dia-a-dia como no mundo do trabalho. O Curso de Forma??o de Oficiais na Academia da For?a A?rea (AFA), em Pirassununga, tem dura??o de 4 (quatro) anos e oferece, dentro do seu curr?culo, aulas de L?ngua Inglesa aos cadetes. O dom?nio da modalidade oral da l?ngua ? de suma import?ncia na vida desses futuros pilotos militares, uma vez que ela ? usada na conversa via r?dio (fraseologia) dentro da aeronave e em miss?es no exterior. O dom?nio da L?ngua Inglesa no ?mbito operacional na ?rea da avia??o ? uma quest?o fundamental em termos de seguran?a. S?o v?rios os acidentes com aeronaves tanto em solo quanto em voo que ocorreram por falha de comunica??o ou mal-entendidos entre torre de controle e pilotos. O presente trabalho investigou at? que ponto o curso de Ingl?s oferecido as cadetes da AFA (Curso de forma??o geral e forma??o espec?fica), possibilita a aquisi??o da flu?ncia necess?ria em L?ngua Inglesa para a atua??o competente do cadete aviador. Para atingir este objetivo realizamos a analise documental do Curr?culo de L?ngua Inglesa e de Ingl?s Instrumental, do Plano de Avalia??o da Academia da For?a A?rea e dos instrumentos de avalia??o aplicados a uma turma de 188 cadetes, ao final do 2? e 4? anos, entre os anos de 2004 e 2006, visando auferir se as metas no que tange ? flu?ncia da L?ngua Inglesa foram atingidas. Caracterizou-se, assim, como uma pesquisa qualitativa, e adotou-se como procedimento metodol?gico a an?lise documental do curr?culo de L?ngua Inglesa com foco na modalidade oral da l?ngua tendo como base o Plano de unidades Did?ticas, o Plano de Avalia??o da Academia da For?a A?rea, e os Relat?rios de an?lise e avalia??o da qualidade pedag?gica do curso de idiomas, al?m de documentos oficiais da Academia da For?a A?rea e do Comando da Aeron?utica. Ap?s a an?lise dos resultados, a pesquisa aponta que entre os anos 2004 e 2006 a ?nfase do curso de ingl?s estava no desenvolvimento das habilidades de leitura e escrita, relegando audi??o e fala, os verdadeiros focos do curso segundo o Plano de Unidades Did?ticas, a um segundo plano. Dessa forma, pudemos auferir que os objetivos gerais da disciplina, que seriam interpretar textos escritos e exposi??es orais e empregar atos de fala e reda??es na l?ngua inglesa em n?vel avan?ado, n?o foram atingidos no n?vel proposto, fato que pode ter provocado uma aprendizagem insuficiente e que pode ter comprometido o dom?nio da modalidade oral da l?ngua.

nÃo hà / A tese PrÃxis PedagÃgica UnitÃria: do conto musical âPedro e o loboâ à avaliaÃÃo reflexiva resultou do projeto Pedro e o lobo: da avaliaÃÃo reflexiva à ressignificaÃÃo da prÃtica pedagÃgica, executado para alterar as prÃticas no espaÃo da sala de aula. A avaliaÃÃo escolar à um tema fascinante, mas teorizaÃÃo, pesquisas, crÃticas, parecem ter contribuÃdo pouco para superar a pedagogia do exame que grassa nas instituiÃÃes de ensino. Muitos fatores contribuem para que o processo nÃo sofra a revoluÃÃo reclamada. Este trabalho defende a alteridade da prÃtica escolar inteira, ao mesmo tempo. Como recorte epistemolÃgico, partiu-se da crÃtica à lÃgica fragmentada dos processos e condiÃÃo de assujeitado do alunado ao professor à proposiÃÃo do modelo unitÃrio, com prÃxis em espaÃo e tempo reais. O modelo engloba pistas, sugestÃes e promessas de obras pÃblicas e acadÃmicas, acerca do que deve ser feito para mudar as prÃticas. Fundamental foi o conceito de professor reflexivo, que o pesquisador encarnou como postura metodolÃgica. Ao estudo, foi criado um caminho prÃprio, a pesquisa reflexiva de desenvolvimento, cujos aportes foram a concepÃÃo do profissional reflexivo, a fenomenologia, a teoria crÃtica e o sociointeracionismo. A principal tÃcnica foi a intervenÃÃo pedagÃgica; o principal protocolo, o diÃrio de campo; a meta, a (re)criaÃÃo de rotinas, processos, estratÃgias e instrumentos pedagÃgicos. Objetivou-se a anÃlise â do duplo sentido desse termo: decomposiÃÃo (para contar a vivÃncia) e interpretaÃÃo â da proposta de retotalizaÃÃo do planejamento, ensino-aprendizagem e avaliaÃÃo, na qual o alunado foi sujeito. O contexto foi o NÃcleo PedagÃgico Integrado, escola de educaÃÃo bÃsica da Universidade Federal do ParÃ, na qual o pesquisador atuou como professor de CiÃncias, numa classe de 5 sÃrie. A construÃÃo dos dados se estendeu de dezembro de 2000 a setembro de 2002. Na prÃ-intervenÃÃo, durante o Ãltimo bimestre de 2000, o pesquisador observou a rotina da turma de 4 sÃrie que, no ano seguinte, iria trabalhar. Ao final, entrevistou 50% das professoras e da classe. Na fase de intervenÃÃo, alÃm da aÃÃo pedagÃgica, outras tÃcnicas e instrumentos foram: a fotografia; o diÃrio de bordo; o portfÃlio. Durou todo o ano letivo de 2001, com direito a greve de cem dias âno meio do caminhoâ. ApÃs, foram efetuadas entrevistas com um terÃo do alunado, seis professoras e um professor da turma, para fixar pontos comuns e diferenciados entre as experiÃncias. A pesquisa teve dois horizontes. O primeiro, que focou a ressignificaÃÃo do planejamento do ensino (co-operativo), do ensino-aprendizagem e da avaliaÃÃo (reflexiva), foi atingido. Foi o tempo de reinvenÃÃo, com o desmonte dos velhos caminhos e a construÃÃo do novo. O segundo, que focou o desenvolvimento de processos, tÃcnicas, instrumentos e formas de anÃlise para se apreciar de forma reflexiva a qualidade das aÃÃes docente e discente, em nÃvel de auto e hetero-avaliaÃÃo, foi alcanÃado em parte. Um ano letivo nÃo foi suficiente para levar adiante o preceito de que avaliar à comparar (atà o que havia sido alvo de desenvolvimento). A lacuna foi assim interpretada: na retotalizaÃÃo dos processos, na ressignificaÃÃo do ato avaliativo, no exercÃcio da condiÃÃo de sujeito pelo aprendente, o tempo para o ensino-aprendizagem reflexivo à o dos ciclos de formaÃÃo, em vez do regime seriado. O estudo confirmou a tese defendida. Nas entrevistas, a maioria do alunado da 5 sÃrie nÃo lembrava como fora avaliado em CiÃncias. Quem lembrou, fez de forma reticente, com citaÃÃes de outras experiÃncias, que nÃo aquelas vivenciadas na PrÃxis UnitÃria. Quanto Ãs atividades de ensino e relaÃÃo professor-aluno, aspectos privilegiados na lÃgica alterada, as lembranÃas foram ricas em detalhes. NÃo-lembranÃas e lembranÃas confirmam o valor da Ãnfase no ensino-aprendizagem, em vez de na verificaÃÃo do que à ensinado, no trincamento do que à âtradiÃÃoâ nas escolas. Outras conclusÃes: o modelo unitÃrio favorece a interdisciplinaridade entres as disciplinas escolares e as prÃprias ciÃncias da natureza; o planejamento do ensino (com o alunado) e a avaliaÃÃo (com todos avaliando todos) perdem o carÃter inicial e terminal que tÃm e convertem-se em aÃÃes e operaÃÃes de ensino, com tendÃncia de internalizarem-se como formas de pensamento. A pesquisa conclui que o âsegredoâ para superar os problemas da lÃgica fragmentada dos processos, estÃ, filosoficamente, na mudanÃa de concepÃÃo de ciÃncia e, pragmaticamente, na alteridade das relaÃÃes entre aprendentes e ensinantes. / The thesis Pedagogical Praxis Unitary: from musical tale "Peter and the Wolf" to reflective evaluation resulted the project Pedro and the Wolf: from reflective evaluation to resignification the pedagogical practice, executed to change the practices of classroom space. The school evaluation is a fascinating topic, but theorizing, research, criticism, seem to have a little contributed to overcome the pedagogy exam which propagates in educational institutions. Many factors contribute to the process does not suffer the wanted revolution. This work supports the otherness of the whole school practice, at the same time. As an epistemological snnipet, begins the criticism of the fragmented logic processes and subjugated condition of the students to the teacher to the unitary model proposition, with practice in real space and time. The model includes tracks, suggestions and promises of public and academic works, about what should be done to change practices. Fundamental was the concept of reflective teacher, that the researcher incarnated as methodological approach. It was created a proper way to study, reflective research development, whose contributions were the design of the reflective practitioner, phenomenology, critical theory and social interactionism. The main technique was the pedagogical intervention; the main protocol, the field diary; the goal, the (re) creation of routines, processes, strategies and teaching tools. We sought to the analisys â the double meaning of the term: decomposition (to tell the experience) and interpretation â the (re)totalization proposal planning, teaching-learning and assessment, in which the student was subjected. The context was the Integrated Educational Center, basic education school of the Federal University of ParÃ, in which the researcher worked as a teacher of sciences, in a 5th grade class. The construction of the data extended from December 2000 to September 2002. In the pre-intervention during the last two months of 2000, the researcher observed the routine of 4th grade class that the following year would work. At the end, he interviewed 50% of teachers and class. In the intervention phase, in addition to the pedagogical action, other techniques and instruments were: photography; the logbook; the portfolio. It lasted throughout the school year 2001, with the right to strike a hundred days "on the way". After interviews were carried out with a third of the students, six women teachers and one men teacher of the class, to set common points and differentiated between experiences. The research had two horizons. The first, which focused on the reinterpretation of the planning of education (co-operative), the teaching-learning and evaluation (reflective), was reached. It was reinvention time, with the dismantling of the old ways and the construction of the new . The second, which focused on the development of processes, techniques , tools and forms of analysis to enjoy reflectively the quality of teaching and student actions at the level of self and peer assessment, has been achieved in part. A school year was not enough to carry the precept that review is to compare (up what had been developing target). The gap was thus interpreted: the (re)totalization processes, in reframing the evaluative act, in the exercise of the condition of the subject by the learner, time for reflective teaching and learning is the training cycles, instead the serialize regimen. The study confirmed the thesis defended. In interviews, most of the students of the 5th grade did not remember as was evaluated in Science. Who remembered, made reticent way, with quotes from other experiences than those experienced in Praxis Unitary. As for teaching activities and teacher-student relationship, privileged aspects in the modified logic, the memories were rich in detail. No memories and recollections confirm the value of the emphasis on teaching and learning, rather than the verification of what is taught, in cracking what is "tradition" in schools. Other conclusions: the unitary model favors interdisciplinarity between school subjects and the very nature of science; planning of education (with the student body) and evaluation (with all evaluating all) lose their original character and terminal that they have and are converted into shares and educational operations, with a tendency to internalize as ways of thinking. The research concludes that the "secret" to overcome the problems of fragmented logic of process, is, philosophically, in changing conception of science and, pragmatically, the otherness of the relationship between learners and teachers.

Main scope of the present diploma thesis is co-operative and group teaching with the emphasis on teaching in the elementary schools. The theoretical part offers an overview of the organizational forms of teaching, defines the concepts of group and co-operative teaching, and presents the basic insight into group and co-operative teaching. The practical part is an action reasearch. The main objective of this part is to verify efficiency of the theoretical procedures and methods of group and co-operative teaching when self-prepared or adopted materials are used in practice. This part also provides a didactical material verified in practice. Furthermore, it concentrates on advantages and disadvantages of co-operative teaching, observes the progress of groups of pupils and that of individual pupils, differences in thinking during co-operative and frontal teaching, relation between co-operative, problematic and explorational approach to teaching. KEYWORDS Co-operative teaching, group teaching, teamwork, team, pupil, efficiency, communication, assessment

L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier l'interdépendance des ressources scolaires et des ressources individuelles dans la production du capital humain. À travers trois cas d'études sur données françaises, différentes méthodes sont proposées pour analyser l'effet des politiques éducatives tout en tenant compte des comportements des individus. Le premier chapitre montre que les politiques d'éducation prioritaire sont susceptibles de conduire les familles, notamment les plus avantagées socialement, à contourner les établissements traités. Ces stratégies d'évitement sont de nature à contrebalancer les effets des moyens supplémentaires sur les résultats des élèves. Le deuxième chapitre cherche à savoir si les choix d'orientation des élèves sont contraints par J'offre scolaire locale. Nous montrons que l'ouverture d'un nouveau lycée augmente la proportion d'élèves qui poursuivent leurs études dans le second cycle, notamment en voie professionnelle. Enfin, le troisième chapitre montre que les étudiants tiennent compte de l'information contemporaine dont ils disposent sur leurs notes lorsqu'ils évaluent les qualités pédagogiques de leurs enseignants. / The main objective of this thesis is to study the interdependence of school resources and individual resources in human capital production. In three empirical analyses using French data, various methods arc proposed to evaluate the impact of educational policies, taking individual behaviors into account. The first chapter shows that compensatory education policies may result in individual sorting. The fact that socially more advantaged families tend to avoid treated schools cancels out additional resources positive effects on academic achievement. The second chapter examines whether pupils are constrained by local school supply. We find that opening a new high school increases the proportion of pupils who continue in upper secondary education, particularly in a vocational track. Studying how students evaluate teaching, the third chapter shows that they take contemporaneous information about their grades into account when they evaluate teachers' pedagogical qualities.

Einleitung Der Einsatz und die Beliebtheit von 3D-Visualisierungen im Fachgebiet der Anatomie und Veterinäranatomie sind in den vergangenen Jahren stetig gewachsen. Vor allem vor den Hintergrund einer potentiell besseren und leichteren Wissensrezeption von räumlichen Informationen durch den Einsatz von 3D- im Vergleich zu 2D-Modellen wurden diverse Studien zum Lernerfolg mit diesen Medien durchgeführt. Ziele der Untersuchung Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, ein Lehr- und Lernprogramm, das „Laminitis Tool“ als Modul des „Equine Hoof Explorers“ in Kooperation mit der Effigos AG zu entwickeln und nachfolgend zu evaluieren. Das Programm soll die morphologischen Veränderungen (mikroskopisch und makroskopisch) während der einzelnen Hufrehephasen ausgehend von den physiologisch anatomischen Gegebenheiten durch 3D-Visualisierungen sowie eine modular aufbereitete Zusammenfassung der Forschungsergebnisse zur Hufrehe in Textform präsentieren. Die Hypothese des Lernvorteils durch das 3D-Programm im Vergleich zu illustrierten Texten wurde überprüft. Material und Methoden 3D-Visualisierungen und Texte für das „Laminitis Tool“ wurden auf Basis von Literaturquellen erstellt, die einen Rückschluss auf den klinischen Grad der Hufrehe und das verwendete Versuchsmodell bzw. die Ätiopathologie erlaubten. Die Evaluation des „Laminitis Tools“ wurde in zwei Durchläufen (Crossover-Design) durchgeführt. Dazu wurden 87 Studierende des 2. Fachsemesters (2. FS) und 26 Studierenden des 4. Fachsemesters (4. FS) den Gruppen A und B zugeteilt. Jede Gruppe enthielt in etwa gleichgroße Anteile aus jedem Fachsemester. Alle Teilnehmer:innen mussten vorab eine subjektive Einschätzung zu ihren Vorkenntnissen zur Hufrehe geben. Retrospektiv wurden anhand dieser Angabe sowie der angegebenen Fachsemester die Wissensgruppen „mit Vorkenntnissen“ (mVK) und „ohne Vorkenntnisse“ (oVK) sowie 2. FS und 4. FS gebildet. Im Durchgang 1 (DG 1) arbeitete Gruppe A mit dem Text und Gruppe B mit dem Tool. Dies wechselte im Durchgang 2 (DG 2). Vor Beginn des Tests erhielt die jeweilige Toolgruppe eine kurze Einführung in die Bedienung des Tools. Nach Arbeit mit dem entsprechenden Medium wurde ein Single-Choice-Test durchgeführt. Ergebnisse Das „Laminitis Tool“ ist eine 3D-Visualisierungssoftware, die ein animiertes 3D-Modell des Hufes von außen (Modell „Klinik“) und innen (Modell „Huf“) sowie des Hufbeinträgers (Modell „Histologie“) vor und während einer Hufreheerkrankung zeigt. Alle Modelle werden durch einen modularisierten Text begleitet. Ein Video zeigt die Veränderungen an der dermo-epidermalen Grenze des Hufbeinträgers. In Gruppe A gaben 56,4 % und in Gruppe B 48,3 % der Teilnehmenden an, Vorkenntnisse zur Hufrehe zu haben. Im DG 1 ist die Anzahl der Fragen, die von Gruppe A signifikant besser beantwortet wurden als von Gruppe B, mit drei von zehn Fragen größer als in DG 2, wo es nur eine von zehn Fragen war. Betrachtet man die Gesamtheit der Fragen konnte Gruppe A im DG 1 ein signifikant besseres Ergebnis (p = 0,0286) erzielen als Gruppe B, wohingegen im DG 2 kein signifikanter Unterschied (p = 0,2071) zwischen den Gruppen bestand. Teilnehmer:innen der Gruppe A aus dem 2. FS und aus der Wissensgruppe oVK konnten ihre Gesamtleistung von DG 1 zu DG 2 steigern. Teilnehmer:innen der Gruppe A aus dem 4. FS und aus der Wissensgruppe mVK erzielten im DG 2 ein geringeres Gesamtergebnis als im DG 1. Schlussfolgerungen Teilnehmer:innen aus Gruppen mit geringem oder keinen Vorkenntnissen (Gruppe B; 2. FS; oVK) erhielten möglicherweise einen Lernvorteil durch die Arbeit mit dem Tool und konnten so den Wissensunterschied zu wissensstärkeren Gruppe (Gruppe A; 4. FS; mVK) ausgleichen.:1 Einleitung 1 2 Literaturübersicht 3 2.1 Hufrehe, Pododermatitis aseptica diffusa 3 2.1.1 Definition 3 2.1.2 Der Hufbeinträger, Apparatus suspensorius ossis ungulae 3 2.1.2.1 Dermale Anteile 4 2.1.2.2 Epidermale Anteile 4 2.1.2.3 Die Basalmembran 4 2.1.3 Makroskopisch-anatomische Veränderungen des Hufes während einer Hufreheerkrankung 6 2.1.4 Mikroskopisch-anatomische Veränderungen des Hufbeinträgers während einer Hufreheerkrankung 8 2.1.5 Metabolisch-induzierte Hufrehe 10 2.1.6 Toxininduzierte Hufrehe 12 2.1.7 Belastungsinduzierte Hufrehe 15 2.2 Mediendidaktik – Begriffsbestimmung 17 2.2.1 Digitale Medien 17 2.2.2 Multimedia 17 2.2.3 E-Learning, Blended Learning und didaktisches Design 17 2.3 Von der Theorie zur Praxis - Gestaltungsmerkmale auf Basis klassischer Lerntheorien und deren Anwendung in E-Learning-Programmen 18 2.3.1 Der Behaviorismus 18 2.3.2 Der Kognitivismus 19 2.3.3 Der Konstruktivismus 20 2.4 Codierungsformen (der Computertechnologie): 3D-Bilder, Animationen und Hypertext 21 2.4.1 Bilder (Definition, 3D-Bilder, Animation, Video) 21 2.4.2 Hypertext (Definition, Aufbau, Gefahren und Potentiale) 22 2.5 Lernen mit Text und Bild 23 2.5.1 Gestaltungsempfehlungen für Bilder und Texte 26 2.6 Interaktivität und selbstgesteuertes Lernen 27 2.6.1 Graphical User Interface 28 2.7 Interaktive Lehr- und Lernprogramme in der Veterinärmedizin 28 3 Material, Methoden 30 3.1 Entwicklung des Lehr- und Lernprogramms 30 3.1.1 Allgemeiner Herstellungsprozess 30 3.1.2 Formulierung von Anforderungskriterien und Festlegung von inhaltlichen Schwerpunkten für das Modul 30 3.1.3 Formulierung der Texte 32 3.1.4 Erstellen von Abbildungen für die Texte 33 3.1.5 Graphische Inhalte - 3D-Modelle, Animationen und Video 35 3.1.5.1 Entwicklung von 3D-Modellen 35 3.1.5.2 Animation der 3D-Modelle 37 3.1.5.3 Entwicklung des Videos „Hufrehe an der dermo-epidermalen Grenze“ 39 3.1.6 Entwicklung der Benutzeroberfläche (GUI) 40 3.1.7 Formatierung der Texte 42 3.1.8 Einpflegen der Modulelemente und Validierung 45 3.2 Evaluation des Lehr- und Lernprogramms 45 3.2.1 Testvorbereitung 45 3.2.1.1 Akquise der Studienteilnehmer:innen 45 3.2.1.2 Geräte 45 3.2.1.3 Test mit Single-Choice-Fragen 46 3.2.2 Studienteilnehmer:innen 46 3.2.3 Studiendesign 47 3.2.4 Gruppen, Abschnitte der Studiendurchgänge 47 3.2.4.1 Abschnitte erster Durchgang – Übersicht 48 3.2.4.2 Abschnitte zweiter Durchgang - Übersicht 49 3.2.5 Statistische Auswertung 49 4 Ergebnisse 51 4.1 Das „Laminitis Tool“ 51 4.1.1 Inhaltsverzeichnis 51 4.1.2 Texte und Abbildungen für die Texte 51 4.1.3 Graphische Inhalte: 3D-Modelle, Animationen, Video 52 4.1.3.1 3D-Modelle: Allgemeine Eigenschaften 52 4.1.3.2 3D-Modell und Animation „Klinik“ 53 4.1.3.3 3D-Modell und Animation „Huf“ 53 4.1.3.4 3D-Modell und Animation „Hufbeinträger“ 54 4.1.3.5 Video „Hufrehe an der dermo-epidermalen Grenze“ 56 4.1.4 GUI des Themenbereichs „Klinik“ 58 4.1.5 GUI des Themenbereichs „Huf“ 60 4.1.6 GUI des Themenbereichs „Histologie“ 61 4.1.7 Weitere Bedienelemente 62 4.2 Evaluation des Lernprogramms 62 4.2.1 Präevaluation 62 4.2.2 Eigenschaften der Studienteilnehmer:innen in den Gruppen 63 4.2.3 Einteilung in Wissensgruppen 64 4.2.4 Aufgabenqualität und Reliabilitätsprüfung des Tests mit Single-Choice-Fragen 65 4.2.5 Test mit Single-Choice-Fragen, Testergebnisse der Text- und Toolgruppe 66 4.2.6 Test mit Single-Choice-Fragen, Testergebnisse der Wissensgruppen für die Attribute „Fachsemester“ und „Vorkenntnisse“ 71 5 Diskussion 76 5.1 Entwicklung des „Laminitis Tools“ 76 5.1.1 Kooperation mit der Effigos AG 77 5.1.2 Toolinhalt und Inhaltsverzeichnis 78 5.1.3 Texte und Abbildungen für die Texte 81 5.1.4 Benutzeroberfläche – Navigation und Orientierungshilfen 82 5.1.5 Benutzeroberfläche – Konsistente und intuitive Bedienbarkeit 83 5.1.6 3D-Modelle 85 5.1.7 Animationen 86 5.1.8 Video 87 5.2 Lernförderlicher Effekt des „Laminitis Tools“ im Vergleich zu einem konventionellen Text 88 5.2.1 Einteilung von Wissensgruppen 89 5.2.2 Vergleich der Gruppen 89 5.2.3 Entwicklung der Gruppen im Verlauf der Studie 91 5.2.4 Betrachtung der Fachsemester 92 5.2.5 Betrachtung der Einzelfragen 93 5.2.6 Betrachtung der Fragengruppe 94 5.2.7 Aussagekraft der Evaluation 94 5.3 Fazit 95 6 Zusammenfassung 97 7 Summary 99 8 Literaturverzeichnis 101 9 Anhang 121 9.1 Entwicklung des Lernprogramms 121 9.1.1 Skript des Videos „Hufrehe an der dermo-epidermalen Grenze“ 121 9.1.2 Beispiel einer Änderungsanweisung für den Bauplan zum Design und zur Funktion der GUI 123 9.2 Evaluation des Lernprogramms 129 9.2.1 Studienaufruf 129 9.2.2 Anweisung zur Nutzung des Tools 130 9.2.3 Fragebogen zur Präevaluation 131 9.2.4 Angaben zum Ausbildungsstand der Studienteilnehmenden 132 9.2.5 Single-Choice-Fragen 133 9.2.6 Aufgabenqualität und Reliabilitätsprüfung des Tests mit Single-Choice-Fragen 139 9.2.7 Test mit Single-Choice-Fragen, Testergebnisse der Text- und Toolgruppe 151 9.2.8 Test mit Single-Choice-Fragen, Testergebnisse der Wissensgruppe für das Attribut „Fachsemester“ 152 9.2.9 Test mit Single-Choice-Fragen, Testergebnisse der Wissensgruppe für das Attribut „Vorkenntnisse“ 160 / Introduction In recent years the use and popularity of three-dimensional (3D) visualizations has grown substantially in the field of anatomy and veterinary anatomy. 3D anatomical models providing a potentially better and easier reception of spatial information compared to two-dimensional (2D) anatomical models was subject of various studies looking into the learning success. Objectives Aim of this study was to develop and subsequently evaluate a 3D anatomical program („Laminitis Tool“) as a module of the „Equine Hoof Explorer“ in cooperation with the Effigos AG. The „Laminitis Tool“ was designed to demonstrate the morphological changes (microscopic and macroscopic) before and during each stadium of equine laminitis by 3D visualizations and text modules summarizing the state of scientific knowledge. The hypothesis that the 3D learning program leads to a better learning success than a text was tested. Material und Methods Development of 3D visualizations and texts for the „Laminitis Tool“ was based on references allowing conclusions regarding clinical phase and experimental set up or cause of equine laminitis. The „Laminitis Tool“ was evaluated in two trials. 87 students of the second semester (2nd SM) and 26 students of the fourth semester (4th SM) were randomly allocated into group A and B. Each group consisted of nearly the same number of students from both semesters. In advance all participants had to subjectively assess their preexisting knowlegde of equine laminitis. According to the prior assessment groups „with preexisting knowledge“ (mVK) and „without preexisting knowledge“ (oVK) as well as groups 2nd SM and 4th SM were formed retrospectively. In the first trail (DG 1), group A was working with the illustrated text and group B with the 3D program. The set up was vice versa in the second trial (DG 2). The respective tool group received a brief instruction in how to use the program. After working with the particular medium students had to undergo a single choice test. Results The „Laminitis Tool“ is a 3D visualization software showing an animated 3D model of the outside (model „clinic“) and inside (model „hoof“) of the equine hoof as well as of the suspensory apparatus of the distal phalanx (model „histology“) before and after the onset of equine laminitis. Each model is accompanied by a modularized text. A video is providing information about the morphological changes at the dermo-epidermal layer of the suspensory apparatus of the distal phalanx. 56.4 % of the participants in group A and 48.3 % in group B ware rated mVK. In the first trial group A achieved a significantly better result in three out of ten questions than group B. Whereas there was only a significant difference in one out of ten questions in the second trial. According to the overall result group A was significantly better than group B (p = 0.0286) in the first trial, but there was no significant difference (p = 0.2071) between groups in the second trial. Participants in group A from the 2nd FS and from the knowledge group oVK were able to increase their overall performance from DG 1 to DG 2. Participants of group A from the 4th FS and from the knowledge group mVK achieved a lower overall result in DG 2 than in DG 1. Conclusion Participants of groups with lower knowledge (group B; 2nd SM; oVK) may have received a learning advantage from working with the tool and thus were able to compensate for the knowledge gap with more knowledgeable groups (group A; 4th SM; mVK).:1 Einleitung 1 2 Literaturübersicht 3 2.1 Hufrehe, Pododermatitis aseptica diffusa 3 2.1.1 Definition 3 2.1.2 Der Hufbeinträger, Apparatus suspensorius ossis ungulae 3 2.1.2.1 Dermale Anteile 4 2.1.2.2 Epidermale Anteile 4 2.1.2.3 Die Basalmembran 4 2.1.3 Makroskopisch-anatomische Veränderungen des Hufes während einer Hufreheerkrankung 6 2.1.4 Mikroskopisch-anatomische Veränderungen des Hufbeinträgers während einer Hufreheerkrankung 8 2.1.5 Metabolisch-induzierte Hufrehe 10 2.1.6 Toxininduzierte Hufrehe 12 2.1.7 Belastungsinduzierte Hufrehe 15 2.2 Mediendidaktik – Begriffsbestimmung 17 2.2.1 Digitale Medien 17 2.2.2 Multimedia 17 2.2.3 E-Learning, Blended Learning und didaktisches Design 17 2.3 Von der Theorie zur Praxis - Gestaltungsmerkmale auf Basis klassischer Lerntheorien und deren Anwendung in E-Learning-Programmen 18 2.3.1 Der Behaviorismus 18 2.3.2 Der Kognitivismus 19 2.3.3 Der Konstruktivismus 20 2.4 Codierungsformen (der Computertechnologie): 3D-Bilder, Animationen und Hypertext 21 2.4.1 Bilder (Definition, 3D-Bilder, Animation, Video) 21 2.4.2 Hypertext (Definition, Aufbau, Gefahren und Potentiale) 22 2.5 Lernen mit Text und Bild 23 2.5.1 Gestaltungsempfehlungen für Bilder und Texte 26 2.6 Interaktivität und selbstgesteuertes Lernen 27 2.6.1 Graphical User Interface 28 2.7 Interaktive Lehr- und Lernprogramme in der Veterinärmedizin 28 3 Material, Methoden 30 3.1 Entwicklung des Lehr- und Lernprogramms 30 3.1.1 Allgemeiner Herstellungsprozess 30 3.1.2 Formulierung von Anforderungskriterien und Festlegung von inhaltlichen Schwerpunkten für das Modul 30 3.1.3 Formulierung der Texte 32 3.1.4 Erstellen von Abbildungen für die Texte 33 3.1.5 Graphische Inhalte - 3D-Modelle, Animationen und Video 35 3.1.5.1 Entwicklung von 3D-Modellen 35 3.1.5.2 Animation der 3D-Modelle 37 3.1.5.3 Entwicklung des Videos „Hufrehe an der dermo-epidermalen Grenze“ 39 3.1.6 Entwicklung der Benutzeroberfläche (GUI) 40 3.1.7 Formatierung der Texte 42 3.1.8 Einpflegen der Modulelemente und Validierung 45 3.2 Evaluation des Lehr- und Lernprogramms 45 3.2.1 Testvorbereitung 45 3.2.1.1 Akquise der Studienteilnehmer:innen 45 3.2.1.2 Geräte 45 3.2.1.3 Test mit Single-Choice-Fragen 46 3.2.2 Studienteilnehmer:innen 46 3.2.3 Studiendesign 47 3.2.4 Gruppen, Abschnitte der Studiendurchgänge 47 3.2.4.1 Abschnitte erster Durchgang – Übersicht 48 3.2.4.2 Abschnitte zweiter Durchgang - Übersicht 49 3.2.5 Statistische Auswertung 49 4 Ergebnisse 51 4.1 Das „Laminitis Tool“ 51 4.1.1 Inhaltsverzeichnis 51 4.1.2 Texte und Abbildungen für die Texte 51 4.1.3 Graphische Inhalte: 3D-Modelle, Animationen, Video 52 4.1.3.1 3D-Modelle: Allgemeine Eigenschaften 52 4.1.3.2 3D-Modell und Animation „Klinik“ 53 4.1.3.3 3D-Modell und Animation „Huf“ 53 4.1.3.4 3D-Modell und Animation „Hufbeinträger“ 54 4.1.3.5 Video „Hufrehe an der dermo-epidermalen Grenze“ 56 4.1.4 GUI des Themenbereichs „Klinik“ 58 4.1.5 GUI des Themenbereichs „Huf“ 60 4.1.6 GUI des Themenbereichs „Histologie“ 61 4.1.7 Weitere Bedienelemente 62 4.2 Evaluation des Lernprogramms 62 4.2.1 Präevaluation 62 4.2.2 Eigenschaften der Studienteilnehmer:innen in den Gruppen 63 4.2.3 Einteilung in Wissensgruppen 64 4.2.4 Aufgabenqualität und Reliabilitätsprüfung des Tests mit Single-Choice-Fragen 65 4.2.5 Test mit Single-Choice-Fragen, Testergebnisse der Text- und Toolgruppe 66 4.2.6 Test mit Single-Choice-Fragen, Testergebnisse der Wissensgruppen für die Attribute „Fachsemester“ und „Vorkenntnisse“ 71 5 Diskussion 76 5.1 Entwicklung des „Laminitis Tools“ 76 5.1.1 Kooperation mit der Effigos AG 77 5.1.2 Toolinhalt und Inhaltsverzeichnis 78 5.1.3 Texte und Abbildungen für die Texte 81 5.1.4 Benutzeroberfläche – Navigation und Orientierungshilfen 82 5.1.5 Benutzeroberfläche – Konsistente und intuitive Bedienbarkeit 83 5.1.6 3D-Modelle 85 5.1.7 Animationen 86 5.1.8 Video 87 5.2 Lernförderlicher Effekt des „Laminitis Tools“ im Vergleich zu einem konventionellen Text 88 5.2.1 Einteilung von Wissensgruppen 89 5.2.2 Vergleich der Gruppen 89 5.2.3 Entwicklung der Gruppen im Verlauf der Studie 91 5.2.4 Betrachtung der Fachsemester 92 5.2.5 Betrachtung der Einzelfragen 93 5.2.6 Betrachtung der Fragengruppe 94 5.2.7 Aussagekraft der Evaluation 94 5.3 Fazit 95 6 Zusammenfassung 97 7 Summary 99 8 Literaturverzeichnis 101 9 Anhang 121 9.1 Entwicklung des Lernprogramms 121 9.1.1 Skript des Videos „Hufrehe an der dermo-epidermalen Grenze“ 121 9.1.2 Beispiel einer Änderungsanweisung für den Bauplan zum Design und zur Funktion der GUI 123 9.2 Evaluation des Lernprogramms 129 9.2.1 Studienaufruf 129 9.2.2 Anweisung zur Nutzung des Tools 130 9.2.3 Fragebogen zur Präevaluation 131 9.2.4 Angaben zum Ausbildungsstand der Studienteilnehmenden 132 9.2.5 Single-Choice-Fragen 133 9.2.6 Aufgabenqualität und Reliabilitätsprüfung des Tests mit Single-Choice-Fragen 139 9.2.7 Test mit Single-Choice-Fragen, Testergebnisse der Text- und Toolgruppe 151 9.2.8 Test mit Single-Choice-Fragen, Testergebnisse der Wissensgruppe für das Attribut „Fachsemester“ 152 9.2.9 Test mit Single-Choice-Fragen, Testergebnisse der Wissensgruppe für das Attribut „Vorkenntnisse“ 160

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:32:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANTONIO CARLOS SILVA MOURA.pdf: 541052 bytes, checksum: d1f869d689bf0cbb5911b727574b03a2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-20 / This piece of work aims to show the results of a research on learning evaluation in graduation courses. It was carried out at the State University of Londrina, July 2006 through May 2007, and is chiefly linked up to a research type named as Studies on Education. Firstly, one presents both a historical approach on the city and on the State University of Londrina. Secondly, one salvages not only some important features about the history of learning evaluation, learning-based theories, background-related evaluation into university teaching, but also an analysis regarding Political/Pedagogical Projects and courses selected. Thirdly, one shows the results of questionnaires which were applied to the graduation-spanning faculty of the university and based upon the National Center for Researches. Through the institution s documents and the professors? research replies scrutinized, one could dwell upon hurdles over the research referred to as how close the university s and the faculty s points of view may be. One also aims to verify any possible changes between graduation background and professors? evaluation practice and what theories are the basis for such a practice. Thus, this research ends up being important due to its bethink-causing elements on learning evaluation into university teaching, ways to enrich the subject analyzed as well as other views that may arise in order to develop new researches on learning evaluation. / Este trabalho apresenta resultados de pesquisa sobre a avalia??o da aprendizagem em cursos de gradua??o, desenvolvida na Universidade Estadual de Londrina, entre julho de 2006 a maio de 2007 e inserida na linha de pesquisa denominada Estudos em Avalia??o. Apresentam-se, primeiramente, um hist?rico da cidade e da Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Em seguida, resgatam-se alguns aspectos relevantes da hist?ria da avalia??o da aprendizagem, seguido de um resgate de teorias relacionadas com a aprendizagem e com a avalia??o formativa no ensino superior, juntamente com an?lise dos Projetos Pol?tico-Pedag?gicos Institucional e dos cursos investigados. Apresentam-se, em seguida, o resultado da an?lise de question?rios aplicados aos docentes de cursos de gradua??o da universidade, abrangendo as diferentes ?reas, segundo a classifica??o do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq). Os problemas de pesquisa referem-se ao grau de proximidade entre os discursos da Institui??o e os dos docentes, revelados, respectivamente, nos documentos investigados e nas respostas obtidas dos sujeitos de pesquisa. Procura-se verificar se houve ou n?o mudan?as entre a forma??o acad?mica dos sujeitos e suas pr?ticas avaliativas enquanto docentes na educa??o superior e que teorias pedag?gicas e epistemol?gicas embasam essas pr?ticas. A contribui??o desta pesquisa torna-se relevante por fornecer elementos para a reflex?o sobre a avalia??o da aprendizagem na educa??o superior, apontando caminhos para o crescimento dentro da tem?tica pesquisada e suscitar outras quest?es que possibilitem o desenvolvimento de novas pesquisas e novos avan?os nas discuss?es sobre a avalia??o da aprendizagem.