Orientador: Josue Pereira da Silva / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T07:21:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mariosa_DuarcidesFerreira_D.pdf: 1076099 bytes, checksum: 17d58b775e095902746f10a6a17be68a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Muitos erros no uso do conceito de crítica poderiam ser evitados se a base teórica e metodológica do trabalho de Florestan Fernandes fosse levada em consideração. Buscando fornecer uma melhor compreensão de sua sociologia, a pesquisa se fundamenta na discussão deste conceito e sua aplicação em seus trabalhos teóricos e de pesquisa empírica como, também, na análise da literatura que cuida de sua recepção. A conclusão é que o termo ¿crítica¿ pode ser observado na atitude crítica de Florestan Fernandes em relação tanto ao objeto do conhecimento quanto aos métodos da disciplina sociológica / Abstract: Many errors in the use of the concept of critique could be prevented if the theoretical and methodological bases of the work of Florestan Fernandes are taken into account. Aiming to provide a better understanding of Fernandes¿s sociology, the research starts with a discussion of this concept applying it to his theoretical and empirical works as well as to the literature related to their reception. The conclusion is that the term critique can be applied to Fernandes¿s critical attitude in relation to both his object of knowledge and the method for the discipline of sociology / Doutorado / Teoria sociologica e pensamento social

Abstract Title: Coach, vän eller både och? – en kvalitativ studie om coachning inom arbetslivet Authors: Jonas Näslund & David Öhrling Tutors: Ulla Moberg & Larsåke Larsson Purpose The purpose of this thesis is to examine how coaching in working life serves, aiming to find what influences the interaction between coach and client. To seek to answer the purpose we raised a number of research questions which discussed, among other the coach's intentions and the parties' relationship. Theories This thesis is based on a number of different theories, where the Leader-member Exchange Theory is considered the main theory. LMX is used when studying the relationship between a manager and an employee. Other theories used in this thesis are for example the Social exchange theory and one-on-one-coaching. Method The methods used in this thesis are semi-structured interviews, observations and recordings of coaching sessions. The interviews were conducted before and after three different coaching sessions. The participants were one coach and three clients, who all work at Tele Coaching, a company which offers manager and employee coaching. The recordings were transcribed and analyzed using a content analysis. Results The result shows that there is a difficult balance between the coach’s role as an expert and as a colleague and friend. How well the coach manages to handle this balance is crucial for the outcome of the coaching session. A strong relationship between coach and client can affect the coach’s possibilities to communicate a message to the client. The coach may withhold feedback, which he or she normally wouldn’t, in fear of damaging the relationship. Another risk is that the client doesn’t see the coach as an authoritarian. To prevent these risks we suggest that an external coach should be used when possible. Keywords Coaching, Leader-member Exchange theory, Qualitative interviews, Relationship, Coach, Client, Positioning, Communication.

Sammanfattning – ”Generation Ys drivkrafter på arbetsplatsen” Datum: 2/6-2017 Nivå: Kandidatuppsats i företagsekonomi, 15 ECTS Institution: Akademin för Ekonomi, Samhälle och Teknik, EST, Mälardalens Högskola Författare: Alexander Bäcklund, Bill Samuelsson och Simon Levander Titel: Generation Ys drivkrafter på arbetsplatsen Handledare: Kerstin Nilsson Nyckelord: Employer branding, Generation Y, Intern marketing, Loyalty, Social Exchange Theory. Frågeställning: Vilka incitament är det som påverkar den anställde att stanna på en arbetsplats?Matchar företagets employer branding-arbete med de anställdas motivationsfaktorer? Syfte: Syftet med undersökningen är att förklara de incitament som leder till att medarbetare väljer att stanna inom organisationen och jämföra det med företagets human resource-arbete för att behålla anställda. Metod: Undersökningen var av kvalitativ karaktär. Medarbetare samt human resource-chefer på tre företag intervjuades. Intervjumallen baserades på de valda teorierna samt den sekundära information som varit till underlag till studien. Intervjuerna analyserades genom en innehållsanalys och resultatet presenterades i de teman som varit återkommande i empirin. Slutsats: Undersökningen bekräftade den tidigare empirin om hur Generation Y som medarbetare karaktäriseras. Generationen är uppväxta med många möjligheter och är den högst utbildade generationen. Detta ger Generation Y större makt på arbetsmarknaden. Undersökningen visade att medarbetarna inom denna generation var mer drivna av kunskap än av finansiella mål. Att låta medarbetarna växa organiskt är därför ett av de viktigaste incitamenten för ökad lojalitet. Därför bör human resource-avdelningarna nischa sig mot vad Generation Y efterfrågar eftersom de är en majoritet på arbetsmarknaden.

Exit is an inevitable part of any business relationship. However, despite its importance, exit in buyer–supplier relationships is still a poorly understood phenomenon. Building on previous studies, this thesis addressed these concerns by empirically: a) identifying the economic and social antecedents that influence the exit decision; and b) validating how the antecedents of exit are related with the choice of exit strategies. To achieve these objectives, first, a systematic literature review was conducted to identify 82 studies that documented existing research on exit in buyer–supplier relationships. Second, informed by Transaction Cost Economics and Social Exchange Theory, a set of 88 testable hypotheses was developed and a survey captured data from 505 recently terminated relationships involving UK based firms. Finally, for data analysis, statistical techniques were employed including: a) analysis of variance; b) independent sample t–tests; c) multiple logistic regression; and d) multi–nomial logistic regression. The empirical findings of this thesis validated that: a) there are 8 economic and 14 social antecedents that influence the exit decision; b) lending support to extant research on exit, 57 hypotheses were accepted; c) 12 multiple logit models confirmed the relationship between a set of antecedents and exit strategies; and d) 6 multinomial logit models validated the relationship between a set of antecedents and a choice of one exit strategy over another. The results suggest that the influence of antecedents on the choice of exit strategies was subject to how the antecedents were analysed. The contributions of this research to Supply Chain Management literature are that we know now: a) which economic and social antecedents influence the exit decision; b) how individual antecedents affect exit strategies; c) how antecedents combine to affect exit strategies; and d) how antecedents combine to affect the choice of one exit strategy over another. This work provides an exit management tool box comprising a combination of data collection instrument, empirically derived framework and models that enables the managers to timely review the strength and weaknesses of their business relationships and their management processes.

This thesis evaluates why the implementation of a tree plantation project in Chiapas, Mexico, called Scolel Te failed in its attempt to participate in the CDMs scheme. The Scolel Te project brings together farmers and local organisations into a network of exchange of resources that aims at producing an outcome that is only possible through the co-ordination and co-operation of all participants: the emission of carbon certificates. This thesis studies the co-ordination problems that local actors face at the moment of establishing the carbon projects by identifying how formal and informal mechanisms such as contracts, economic incentives, trust, and reputation, create or solve co-ordination problems in the Scolel Te network. The thesis also describes how changes in the distribution of power among actors affect the functioning of the network and how individual's interests and strategic alliances have the potential of derailing the aims of the environmental project. For such purposes, this thesis analyses the exchange relationships among actors at the micro level and identifies how exchange relationships evolve over time. Then an overall picture of the exchange relationships is presented (macro level) with focus in understanding how and why power in the network is exerted. Findings suggest that relying on economic incentives as the main mechanism to generate commitment among communities has failed to create stable exchange relationships in the long term. Trust and reputation are stronger mechanisms to achieve commitment. Moreover, we find that the ability to generate commitment depends highly on the generation of interdependencies between tree plantation projects and the main economic activities of local actors. However, type of land tenure, main economic activity, and pre-existing power relationships embedded at local level are also the principal factors that determine the dynamism of the social exchange relationships and commitment in the long-run. This thesis considers that co-ordination failure occurs because a lack of knowledge about the real dependencies between local actors and their natural resources in the design of CDMs. At macro level, this thesis found that the lack of accountability of the unregulated local carbon market at local level has created unintended incentives for actors to adopt less environmentally responsible strategies and disincentive participation in the CDMs.

Relationen mellan elev och lärare i grund- och gymnasieskolan och dess betydelse för eleverna är ett stort forskningsområde, motsvarande relation i högre utbildning har dock inte undersökts i samma omfattning och särskilt inte utifrån Leader-Member exchange teorin. Syftet med denna studie var att med hjälp av intervjuer identifiera, belysa och analysera tidigare studenters upplevelser av student-lärarrelationen utifrån LMX-teorin. Studien har en kvalitativ ansats med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Respondenterna har tidigare genomfört en distansutbildning inom det samhällsvetenskapliga området. Av resultatet framgår att respondenterna har något skilda upplevelser av student-lärarrelationen och att behovet av en god och nära relation med lärarna varierar, men att den i huvudsak upplevts som positiv och betydelsefull för bland annat respondenternas motivation. Däremot upplever respondenterna att distansformen utgör ett hinder för att skapa dessa relationer samt att de inte får bli för nära då studenten befinner sig i beroendeställning. Resultatet bekräftar till stor del tidigare forskning på området. Fortsatt forskning kring student-lärarrelationen ur ett LMX-perspektiv, under en längre tidsperiod och med fler deltagare skulle kunna bidra till ökad förståelse för hur dessa relationer skapas och utvecklas över tid samt vilken betydelse dessa har för studenterna, särskilt för distansstudenter. / <p>Betygsdatum 2021-06-07</p>

This study explores the relationship between journalists and NGOs in news making from a social exchange theory perspective. Drawing on semi-structured reconstruction interviews with journalists from Swedish media and representatives from the communications departments of Swedish NGOs, it examines motivations, contextual influences, and trust building processes that shape the relationship. The findings from the thematic analysis suggest three main characteristics of the journalist-NGO relationship. Firstly, the actors are motivated to interact due to a mutual dependency despite having separate goals. Secondly, the interactions are marked by an initiative imbalance caused by the contextual norm of a ruling media logic. Thirdly, trustworthiness is established between the actors through successful social exchanges which tend to reoccur and rationalize professional processes, ergolong-term relations lead to trust and efficacy. This thesis further concludes that journalists hold an upper hand in the news making process which NGOs accommodate to be recognized by media. Simultaneously, the NGOs play an important part in supplementing and substituting journalistic shortages which enhances their influence on news content. This leads to a relationship of mutual dependency which is sustained through reciprocal social exchanges that build trust and enable efficiency on both an interpersonal micro level, and an organizational meso level.

Building on previous research into the relationship between Leader-Member Exchange Theory and Transformational Leadership as well as decades’ worth of LMX-research, this study sets out to investigate the connection between high-quality leader-member exchanges and developmental leadership. The need for such a study arose from the lack of critical examination of the current leadership within the Swedish Armed Forces, as well as the central position given to the Developmental Leadership Theory. In order to examine the correlation between LMX and developmental leadership a questionnaire based on LMX-7 and the Developmental Leadership Questionnaire was constructed. Conscripts from the 1st Marine Regiment, the Artillery Regiment, the Life Guards Regiment and the Norrbotten Regiment were chosen as the study’s sample. Because of late rescheduling, ongoing field exercises and current restrictions due to the ongoing pandemic, only conscripts from the Norrbotten Regiment were able to partake in the study. Using data from 31 conscripts, this study found that there is a positive correlation between high-quality LMX-exchanges and subjection to developmental leadership. The data analysis of Pearson’s correlation coefficient resulted in r=0,66, denoting a moderate correlation. Due to the lacking response rate this result cannot be considered statistically significant, though. As a result, further studies into the relationship between Leader-Member Exchange Theory and Developmental Leadership Theory are required. The questionnaire used in the current study needs further evaluation and would benefit from being subjected to translation and back-translation procedures in order to verify its validity.

AbstractPersonalomsättning i svenska förskolor har ökat kraftigt under de senaste åren. Forskning visar att hög personalomsättning kan påverka negativt när det kommer till barns utveckling och lärande. Syftet med föreliggande examensarbete är att undersöka faktorer för personalomsättning i Malmös förskolor under en viss period. Vad är det som leder till att det hela tiden sker personalbyte i förskolans värld? Dessutom undersöks huruvida personalomsättningen skiljer sig mellan två olika stadsdelar i Malmö. Studiens forskningsmaterial har samlats genom en kvalitativ forskningsmetod där en enkätundersökning med några frågor gjordes på ett antal utvalda förskolor, i två olika stadsdelar i Malmö. Det empiriska materialet har analyserats med hjälp av en ledarskapsteori, leader-member exchange theory. Resultatet av föreliggande studie visar att personalomsättning alltid har funnits i svenska förskolor men den har ökat under senaste åren. Det kan finnas åtskilliga faktorer för personalomsättning i förskolan men en svag och/eller dålig relation till ledningen, arbetstillfredställande, privata faktorer såsom lön och närhet till hemmet samt arbetsförhållanden är de största anledningar som leder till personalomsättningen i Malmös förskolor.

Marketing executives of traditional retail firms who lack strategies to expand e-commerce business, can experience inhibited growth, higher transaction costs, and a loss of competitive advantage. The purpose of this qualitative single case study was to explore marketing strategies that marketing executives of a traditional retail firm used to improve online sales. Eight purposefully selected marketing executives in the head offices of a large traditional retail business in South Africa who had implemented effective marketing strategies to improve online sales participated in the study. Social exchange theory was the conceptual framework for the study. The data collection process entailed face-to-face semistructured interviews and review of company and industry-specific documentation. Data were coded and analyzed to identify emergent themes: the use of customer relationship management to drive marketing strategies; positive exchange relationships that are primarily measured in economic and benefit-orientated terms; trust that relies on safety, security, and privacy of transactions; and reciprocity in the relationship that is facilitated through electronic word of mouth and social media. The implications for positive social change from increased profitability include increased employment opportunities in the local community, improved working conditions and benefits for employees, and increased charitable contributions locally, thereby improving the quality of life for employees and the community.