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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
281

Síntese e caracterização de quantum dots de cobre / Syntheses and characterization of quantum dots of copper

Garrido, Lady Vanessa Quispe 21 January 2019 (has links)
O foco desta dissertação foi sintetizar nanopartículas de cobre plasmônicas que sejam estáveis no meio aquoso na escala de tamanho (≤ 5nm) e, a partir da investigação das propriedades fluorescentes que apresentam, estudar as diferenças entre as suas propriedades plasmônicas. Foi empregado o Ranelato (ligante de um metalofármaco) como agente estabilizante para a preparação das séries de sínteses que apresentam fluorescência com o método de redução química. Esse ligante, na forma de complexo de estrôncio, é um fármaco contra osteoporose. Na forma livre, mostrou-se altamente capaz de estabilizar diferentes estados de oxidação do cobre em um fino controle de síntese de nanopartículas de cobre, em meio aquoso, que foram altamente estáveis a oxidação, apresentando curiosamente duas populações de tamanho entre 1,8 e 15 nm. As nanopartículas apresentaram absorção de SPR no visível em 581 nm e foram caracterizadas por espectroscopia UV-Vis. Estas nanopartículas também apresentaram uma banda de emissão em 600 nm (quando excitadas em 581 nm) e foram caracterizadas por espectroscopia de fluorescência; a distribuição de tamanho por espalhamento de luz dinâmico (DLS) e o tamanho real das partículas bem como os estados de oxidação do metal, se caracterizaram por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão de alta resolução (HRTEM). Os mecanismos envolvidos na fluorescência e as possíveis transferências de energia foram estudados juntos por espectroscopia de fluorescência sincronizada. Além de todas estas técnicas utilizadas foram usadas outras técnicas como EPR e XPS de forma exploratória sem muito aprofundamento que também ajudaram na caraterização do material. Tais sínteses abrem novos e interessantes estudos sobre a natureza do ligante e a química de coordenação do ligante metal em superfície. O fenômeno de fluorescência que apresentaram as partículas nesta escala de tamanho cria futuras estratégias para aplicações biológicas, como na terapia fotodinâmica, por exemplo. / The focus of this dissertation was to synthesize copper nanoparticles plasmons in a way that they are stable in aqueous environment in size scale (≤ 5 nm) and from the investigations of the fluorescent properties they show, to study the differences among their plasmons properties. We employed Ranelate (a metalodrug ligand) as a stabilizer agent to the preparation of several syntheses that show fluorescence with the chemical reduction method. This ligand, in the form of strontium complex, is a drug against osteoporosis. In its free form, it showed high capacity of stabilizing different states of copper oxidation in a fine synthesis control of copper nanoparticles, in aqueous environment, that were highly stable oxidation, reporting, curiously, two populations of size between 1,8 and 15 nm. The nanoparticles reported absorption of SPR in the visible in 581 nm and they were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy. These nanoparticles also presented an emission band in 600 nm (when excited in 581 nm) and they were characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy; the distribution of size by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and the real size of the particles so as the copper oxidation states, by high resolution transmission electronic microscopy (HRTEM). The mechanisms involved in the fluorescence and the possible transferences of energy were studied together with synchronized fluorescence spectroscopy. In addition to all these techniques, other techniques such as EPR and XPS were used in an exploratory rather deep manner that also helped to characterize the material. These syntheses open new and interesting studies about the nature of ligand and the ligand-metal coordination chemistry at the surface. The phenomenon of fluorescence that reported the particles in this size scale might create future strategies for biological applications, such as in photodynamic therapy.
282

Unraveling the impact of IL1RAPL1 mutations on synapse formation : towards potential therapies for intellectual disability / Exploration de l’impact des mutations dans IL1RAPL1 sur la formation et la fonction des synapses : vers des thérapies potentielles pour la déficience intellectuelle

Ramos, Mariana 09 October 2015 (has links)
L’intégrité des synapses neuronales est primordiale pour le développement et le maintien des capacités cognitives. Des mutations dans des gènes codant pour des protéines synaptiques ont été trouvées chez des patients atteints de déficience intellectuelle (DI), qui est une maladie neurodéveloppementale ayant des conséquences sur les fonctions intellectuelles et adaptatives. Ce travail de thèse porte sur l’étude de l’un de ces gènes, IL1RAPL1, dont les mutations sont responsables d’une forme non-syndromique de DI liée au chromosome X, et sur le rôle de la protéine IL1RAPL1 dans la formation et le fonctionnement des synapses. IL1RAPL1 est une protéine trans-membranaire qui est localisée dans les synapses excitatrices où elle interagit avec les protéines post-synaptiques PSD-95, RhoGAP2 et Mcf2l. De plus, IL1RAPL1 interagit en trans- avec une protéine phosphatase présynaptique, PTPd, via son domaine extracellulaire. Nous avons étudié les conséquences fonctionnelles de deux nouvelles mutations qui affectent le domaine extracellulaire d’IL1RAPL1 chez des patients présentant une DI. Ces mutations conduisent soit à une diminution de l’expression de la protéine, soit à une réduction de l’interaction avec PTPd affectant ainsi la capacité d’IL1RAPL1 à induire la formation de synapses excitatrices. En absence d’IL1RAPL1, le nombre ou la fonction des synapses excitatrices est diminué, ce qui mène à un déséquilibre entre les transmissions synaptiques excitatrice et inhibitrice dans des régions spécifiques du cerveau. Dans le cas particulier de l’amygdale latérale, nous avons montré que ce déséquilibre conduit à des défauts de mémoire associative chez la souris déficiente en Il1rapl1. L’ensemble des résultats qui font partie de ce travail montre que l’interaction IL1RAPL1/PTPd est essentielle pour la formation des synapses et suggère que les déficits cognitifs des patients avec une mutation dans il1rapl1 proviennent du déséquilibre de la balance excitation/ inhibition. Ces observations ouvrent des perspectives thérapeutiques visant à rétablir cette balance dans les réseaux neuronaux affectés. / Preserving the integrity of neuronal synapses is important for the development and maintenance of cognitive capacities. Mutations on a growing number of genes coding for synaptic proteins are associated with intellectual disability (ID), a neurodevelopmental disease characterized by deficits in adaptive and intellectual functions. The present work is dedicated to the study of one of those genes, IL1RAPL1, and the role of its encoding protein in synapse formation and function. IL1RAPL1 is a trans-membrane protein that is localized at excitatory synapses, where it interacts with the postsynaptic proteins PSD-95, RhoGAP2 and Mcf2l. Moreover, the extracellular domain of IL1RAPL1 interacts trans-synaptically with the presynaptic phosphatase PTPd. We studied the functional consequences of two novel mutations identified in ID patients affecting this IL1RAPL1 domain. Those mutations lead either to a decrease of the protein expression or of its interaction with PTPd, affecting in both cases the IL1RAPL1-mediated excitatory synapse formation. In the absence of IL1RAPL1, the number or function of excitatory synapses is perturbed, leading to an imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmissions in specific brain circuits. In particular, we showed that this imbalance in the lateral amygdala results in associative memory deficits in mice lacking Il1rapl1. Altogether, the results included in this work show that IL1RAPL1/PTPd interaction is essential for synapse formation and suggest that the cognitive deficits in ID patients with mutations on IL1RAPL1 result from the imbalance of the excitatory and inhibitory transmission. These observations open therapeutic perspectives aiming to reestablish this balance in the affected neuronal circuits.
283

Estimação dos parâmetros da máquina síncrona e seu sistema de excitação / Estimation of the parameter of synchronous machine and its excitation system

Tito Cari, Elmer Pablo 06 May 2005 (has links)
Neste trabalho propõe-se uma metodologia de estimação de parâmetros da máquina síncrona e do sistema de excitação baseada na técnica de sensibilidade de trajetória e sincronização de sistemas. Diversas metodologias de estimação de parâmetros foram propostas na literatura, cada uma com suas vantagens e desvantagens. Entretanto, poucas são adequadas para a estimação de parâmetros com o gerador em operação (on-line). A metodologia de sensibilidade de trajetória foi escolhida por permitir uma completa representação da máquina síncrona e do sistema de excitação incluindo as não linearidades como, por exemplo, os limites do sistema de excitação e a saturação do gerador. Foram propostas algumas alternativas para esta técnica visando uma futura aplicação on-line. Dentre as propostas destaca-se o uso da teoria de sincronização no processo de estimação de parâmetros. A metodologia desenvolvida é aplicada para identificar os parâmetros do gerador síncrono (modelo clássico, modelo de um eixo, e modelo de dois eixos). Também são relatados alguns dos problemas encontrados no momento de estimar vários parâmetros da máquina síncrona simultaneamente. A metodologia também é aplicada com sucesso para estimar os parâmetros do sistema de excitação (tipo ST1A e DC1). Por fim, analisa-se a influência dos parâmetros estimados na estabilidade transitória. Para tal objetivo são realizados testes de estabilidade em um pequeno sistema de potência sujeito a incertezas nos parâmetros / In this work a methodology to estimate parameters of synchronous machines and their excitation system based on trajectory sensitivity technique and system synchronization is proposed. Many methodologies for parameter estimation have been proposed in the literature, each one with advantages and desadvantages. However, only some of them are adequate to estimate parameters with generator in operation (on-line). The trajectory sensitivity methodology has been chosen as it allows a complete representation of generator and excitation system including non-linearities as, for instance, the limits of excitation system and saturation of generator. Some alternatives were proposed for this technique regarding a future on-line application. Among them, the use of synchronization theories in parameter estimation process is highlighted. The methodology developed is used to estimate the parameters of generators (classical model, one-axis model and two axis-model). Some problems to simultaneously estimate several parameters of a synchronous machine are also presented. The methodology is successfully used to estimate the parameters of the excitation system (type ST1A and DC1). Finally, the influence of the estimated parameters on transient stability is analyzed. For this aim, stability tests were performed in a small power system with uncertain parameters
284

Variação da temperatura cinética em átomos aprisionados bombeados por campos externos / Variation of kinetic temperature of cold magnetically trapped atoms excited by external electromagnetic fields

Henn, Emanuel Alves de Lima 10 March 2004 (has links)
Neste trabalho apresentamos o estudo da variação da temperatura cinética de átomos aprisionados magneticamente bombeados por campos eletromagnéticos externos. Aprisionamos átomos de Sódio em uma armadilha magnética de quadrupolo e submetemos esses átomos a um campo magnético externo oscilante. Medimos a temperatura e o número dos átomos remanescentes na armadilha a partir de imagens de tempo de vôo. O processo de medida consiste em desligar a armadilha, deixando a nuvem atômica expandir balisticamente e então fazer uma imagem da fluorescência desses átomos gerada por um pulso de luz próximo da ressonância atômica. Do tamanho da nuvem e do número de fótons capturados podemos obter a temperatura e o número de átomos da amostra. Observamos um significativo resfriamento para algumas freqüências de oscilação do campo externo e posterior aquecimento para freqüências um pouco maiores. Observamos ainda simultaneamente ao resfriamento uma grande perda de átomos da armadilha. Por fim, apresentamos algumas simulações numéricas que reproduzem o fenômeno observado, bem como um modelo que explica os experimentos baseado em excitação seletiva dos átomos confinados pelo campo magnético externo. / In this work we present a study of the shift of the kinetic temperature of magnetically trapped atoms, excited by external electromagnetic fields. We trapped Sodium atoms in a quadrupole magnetic trap and applied an oscilating magnetic field to these atoms. We mesured the temperature and the number of the remaining atoms from time of flight images. The measure is done turning off the trap, leaving the cloud of atoms in a ballistic expansion and making an image of the fluorescence of these atoms after the shot of a near ressonant light. From the size of the cloud and the number of photons captured we can measure the temperature and number of atoms in the sample. We observed cooling of the atoms for some frequencies of the external field and heating for frequencies a bit larger. We observed that a high number of atoms were lost from the trap simultaneously with the cooling. Finally, we present numerical simulations that reproduce the observed phenomena and a model that explains the experiments\' results based on selective excitation of the trapped atoms by the external field.
285

Projeto de sinais de excitação para identificação multivariável de plantas industriais. / Excitation signal for multivarible plant identification.

Kuramoto, André Seichi Ribeiro 08 November 2012 (has links)
Neste trabalho são discutidos e avaliados métodos de construção de conjuntos de sinais de excitação para identificação de sistemas. Esse estudo é realizado tendo como objetivo aplicações na indústria de processos, particularmente no refino de petróleo. As restrições operacionais da indústria de refino de petróleo estão cada vez mais severas em virtude do aumento da demanda energética, qualidade de derivados, variações de preço de petróleo, concorrência no mercado de derivados e outros fatores econômicos, ambientais e de eficiência energética. Nesse cenário, é crescente o uso de técnicas de controle preditivo por modelos e, consequentemente, a demanda por identificação de plantas de processamento. As características particulares das plantas de processamento e de sua operação impõem restrições ao projeto e à aplicação de sinais de excitação. Vários métodos de construção de sinais encontrados na literatura e outros três propostos neste trabalho são avaliados e comparados com referência ao atendimento a essas restrições. Uma das principais restrições para a aplicação de sinais de excitação para identificação é relativa ao tempo disponível para excitação da planta. Assim, para o bom uso desse período, faz-se necessário garantir o sucesso de um experimento previamente à sua realização. Na literatura, encontram-se várias medidas de desempenho de sinais de excitação possíveis de serem obtidas previamente ao experimento de identificação. Neste trabalho, s~ao propostas duas novas medidas que complementam essas na avaliação dos conjuntos de sinais previamente ao experimento. A eficácia dos métodos de construção e das medidas de desempenho de sinais de excitação é avaliada por meio de simulação de identificação multivariável de duas plantas típicas de refinarias. As conclusões deste trabalho apresentam em síntese essas avaliações, como também sugestões de trabalhos futuros que visam à continuidade da pesquisa desenvolvida aqui. / In this work methods for generating sets of excitation signals for system identification are discussed and evaluated. This study is focused on applications in the process industries, particularly in oil refining. The operational constraints of the oil refining industry are becoming increasingly severe due to increased energy demand, quality of products, oil price variations,market competition and other economic, environmental and energy efficiency factors. In this scenario the use of model predictive control techniques is increasing, thus the demand for plant identification as well. The particular characteristics of the processing plants impose restrictions to the project and application of excitation signals. Various methods for generating signals accessible in the literature and three new others proposed in this work are compared with reference to these restrictions. One of the main constraints for applying excitation signals for identification is relative to the period available for excitation of the plant. Thus, for the proper use of this time interval, it is necessary to ensure the success of an experiment prior to its implementation. In the literature there are several performance measurements for evaluation of sets of excitation signals prior to the experiment. This work proposes two new measures to complement the evaluation. The effectiveness of the generating methods and performance measurements for excitation signals is evaluated by simulation of multivariable identification of two typical oil refining plants. The conclusions of this work briefly present these evaluations, as well as some suggestions of future work for the continuity of the current research.
286

"Espectro de excitação para modelos quânticos na rede" / "Excitation Spectra for quantun models on the lattice"

Anjos, Petrus Henrique Ribeiro dos 22 October 2004 (has links)
Consideramos nesse trabalho questões relativas a parte inferior do espectro de energia-momento para o modelo de teoria campos na rede com tempo imaginário, associado ao sistema ferromagnético de spins clássicos de $N$-compontentes definido na rede $d$ dimensional: O Modelo de Spin O$(N)$. Esses sistemas são caracterizados por uma distribuição de probabilidade de spin por sítio. Tratamos apenas da região de altas temperaturas. O espectro de energia e momento deste modelo apresenta curvas de dispersão isoladas, que podem ser interpretadas como quasi-partículas. Em particular, estudaremos os estados de uma e duas quasi-partículas. Para o espectro de uma partícula, obteremos a curva de dispersão e a massa de uma partícula. Esse resultado mostra a existência da chamada 'lacuna espectral'. Ainda trabalhando no espectro de uma partícula, demonstraremos a existência de uma banda de espectro contínuo, associada a estados de duas partículas livres, e determinaremos a largura desta banda. Nossa análise de duas partículas é restrita a uma aproximação em escada da equação Bethe-Salpeter. Usando essa aproximação mostraremos que a existência e a localização de estados ligados depende da verificação da dominação gaussiana para a função de correlação de quatro pontos. É sabido que estados ligados de duas partículas aparecem abaixo da banda de duas partículas se não vale a dominação gaussiana. Mostraremos que estados ligados de duas partículas aparecem acima da banda de duas partículas, caso a dominação gaussiana seja verificada. Além disso, mostramos como o padrão espectral de duas partículas para desses modelos podem ser compreendido através da correspondência entre a equação Bethe-Salpeter e um operador hamiltoniano de Schrödinger de duas partículas na rede com potenciais atrativos ou repulsivos do tipo delta e dependentes dos indices de spin. Uma transformação de staggering é utilizada para relacionar os casos de potenciais atrativos e repulsivos e o espectro dos hamiltonianos e suas autofunções. / In this work, we consider the low-lying energy-momentum spectrum for the imaginary-time lattice quantum field model associated with d-dimensional lattice ferromagnetic classical N-component vector spin systems: The O(N) Spin Model. Each system is characterized by a single site 'a priori' spin probability distribution. We work only at high temperature region (0<&#946;<=1). The energy-momentum spectrum exhibits isolated dispersion curves which are identified as single particles and multi-particle bands. In particular, we study states of one and two-particles. For the single particle spectrum, we obtain the dispersion curve and the particle mass. This result show the existence of the so called 'low spectral gap'. Still working with the single particle spectrum, e show the existence of a continuum spectra band, associated to states of two free partciles, and we obtain the band width. Our two-particle bound state analysis is restricted to a ladder approximation of the Bethe-Salpeter equation, and the existence of bound states depend on whether or not Gaussian domination for the four-point function is verified. It is known that two-particle bound states appear below the two-particle band if Gaussian domination does not hold. Here, we show that two two-particle bound states appear above the two-particle band if Gaussian domination is verified. We also show how the complete two-particle spectral pattern for these models can be understood by making a correspondence between the Bethe-Salpeter equation and a two-particle lattice Schrödinger Hamiltonian operator with attractive or repulsive spin-dependent delta potentials at the origin. A staggering transformation is used to relate the attractive and repulsive potential cases, as well as their associated Hamiltonians spectrum and eigenfunctions.
287

Variational method for excited states =: 一个处理激态的变分法. / A Variational method for excited states =: Yi ge chu li ji tai de bian fen fa.

January 1992 (has links)
by Chan Kwan Leung. / Parallel title in Chinese characters. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 168-169). / by Chan Kwan Leung. / Acknowledgement --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / Chapter 1. --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Objective of our variational method --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Outline of the content --- p.5 / Chapter 2. --- Formulation of the new variational method / Chapter 2.1 --- Formulation --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2 --- Motivation --- p.15 / Chapter 3. --- The variational method applied to the anharmonic oscillator problem / Chapter 3.1 --- Formalism --- p.18 / Chapter 3.2 --- Relationship with usual variational method --- p.32 / Chapter 3.3 --- Relationship with W.K.B. approximation --- p.37 / Chapter 3.4 --- Perturbative corrections --- p.45 / Chapter 3.5 --- Diagonalization of non-orthogonal basis --- p.57 / Chapter 3.6 --- Perturbative corrections using the non-orthogonal basis --- p.72 / Chapter 3.7 --- Some previous works on the anharmonic oscillator problem --- p.85 / Chapter 4. --- The variational method applied to the helium-like atomic problem / Chapter 4.1 --- Previous work on the problem --- p.90 / Chapter 4.2 --- Formulation of the variational method on the problem --- p.95 / Chapter 4.3 --- Zeroth order results for atomic helium --- p.103 / Chapter 4.4 --- Diagonalization using the non-orthogonal basis --- p.109 / Chapter 4.5 --- Results for some helium-like ions --- p.136 / Chapter 4.6 --- Possibility of generalization to systems with more electrons --- p.140 / Chapter 5 --- Concluding remarks / Chapter 5.1 --- Range of applicability of our variational method --- p.164 / Chapter 5.2 --- Ground state problem --- p.165 / Chapter 5.3 --- Completeness of our 'basis' --- p.166 / References --- p.168
288

Modelling of fluid structure interaction by potential flow theory in a pwr under seismic excitation / Modélisation des interactions fluide structure par écoulement potentiel dans un cœur de REP sous séisme

Capanna, Roberto 07 December 2018 (has links)
Une modélisation efficace et une connaissance précise du comportement mécanique du cœur du réacteur sont nécessaires pour estimer les effets de l'excitation sismique sur une centrale nucléaire. La présence d'un écoulement d'eau (dans les REP) engendre des phénomènes d'interaction fluide structure. La modélisation des interactions fluide structure sur les assemblages combustible revêt donc une importance fondamentale pour la sécurité des réacteurs nucléaires. L’objectif principal du projet de thèse présenté dans ce document est d’étudier les interactions fluide structure afin de mieux comprendre les phénomènes impliqués. La modélisation et l'approche expérimentale sont considérées. Un nouveau modèle linéaire simplifié pour les interactions fluide structure est développé en utilisant la théorie de l'écoulement potentiel pour la modélisation des forces fluide, tandis que le modèle de poutre d'Euler-Bernoulli est utilisé pour la partie structurelle. Le modèle est d'abord développé pour un seul cylindre et il est validé avec des ouvrages de référence dans la littérature. Les effets de la taille de confinement et du nombre d'onde sont examinés. Le modèle d'écoulement potentiel développé pour un seul cylindre est ainsi étendu à une géométrie multicylindre. La démarche expérimentale est donc nécessaire pour valider le modèle développé. Une nouvelle installation expérimentale, ICARE, a été conçue pour étudier les phénomènes d’interaction fluide structure sur des assemblages combustible à demi-échelle. Dans ce document, les résultats fournis par les mesures de déplacement et de LDV sont largement analysés. Le comportement dynamique de l'assemblage combustible et les effets de couplage sont étudiés. Les calculs sont comparés aux résultats expérimentaux afin de valider le modèle et d’en analyser ses limites. Le modèle est en accord avec les résultats expérimentaux concernant l'effet de masse ajouté. De plus, le modèle prédit qualitativement les effets des couplages dans différentes directions. Par contre, le modèle d'écoulement potentiel ne permet pas de prédire des effets d'amortissement ajouté, principalement dus aux forces visqueuses. Enfin, dans ce document, une autre application du modèle développé est décrite. Le modèle est utilisé afin de simuler des expériences réalisées sur une maquette d'assemblage combustible dans l'installation expérimentale installée à l'Université George Washington (GWU). Le modèle est capable de prédire et de fournir une interprétation valide de la perturbation du débit d'eau due au mouvement de l'ensemble excité. La thèse se termine par des perspectives d'amélioration du modèle, en intégrant des termes visqueux dans les équations. L'analyse des données de vélocimétrie par image de particules (PIV) recueillies au cours des campagnes expérimentales ICARE doit être poursuivie. / Efficient modelling and accurate knowledge of the mechanical behaviour of the reactorcore are needed to estimate the effects of seismic excitation on a nuclear power plant. Thepresence of cooling water flow (in PWRs) gives rise to fluid structure interaction phenomena.Modelling of fluid structure interactions on fuel assemblies is thus of fundamentalimportance in order to assure the safety of nuclear reactors. The main objective of thePhD project which is presented in this document is to investigate fluid structure interactionsin order to have a better understanding of the involved phenomena. Both modellingand experimental approach are considered. A new simplified linear model for fluid structureinteractions is developed by using the potential flow theory for fluid force modellingwhile the Euler-Bernoulli beam model is used for the structural part. The model, is firstdeveloped for a single cylinder and it is validated with reference works in literature. Theeffects of the confinement size and of the wavenumber are investigated. The potential flowmodel developed for a single cylinder, is thus extended to a multi cylinders geometry. Theexperimental approach is thus needed in order to validate the developed model. A newexperimental facility, ICARE, is designed in order to investigate fluid structure interactionphenomena on half scale fuel assemblies. In this document, the results provided bydisplacement and LDV measurements are widely analysed. The dynamical behaviour ofthe fuel assembly and coupling effects are investigated. Calculations are compared to theexperimental results in order to validate the model and to analyse its limits. The model isin agreement with experimental results regarding the added mass effect. In addition, themodel qualitatively predicts couplings effects on different directions. As a drawback, thepotential flow model cannot predict added damping effects, which are mainly due to viscousforces. Finally in this document another application of the developed model is described.The model is used in order to simulate experiments performed on a surrogate fuel assemblyin the experimental facility installed at George Washington University (GWU). The modelis able to predict and to provide a valid interpretation for the water flow perturbation dueto the motion of the excited assembly. The thesis concludes with perspectives for furtherimprovements of the model, by integrating viscous terms in the equations. Work needs tobe carried out on the analysis of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) data collected duringICARE experimental campaigns.
289

Influência do envelhecimento nas perdas dos aços de grão não orientado. / Effect of aging on losses of non-oriented electrical steel.

Almeida, Adriano Alex de 06 July 2018 (has links)
A partir da hipótese de que carbonetos de ferro podem agir como fonte motora para nucleação de novos domínios magnéticos, o que tenderia a reduzir a taxa de crescimento da dissipação de energia anômala em função da frequência de excitação, três aços de grão não orientado com diferentes teores de carbono foram estudados. A amostra do aço totalmente processado continha 79 ppm de carbono e 2% silício, já o aço semiprocessado continha 340 ppm de carbono e a partir deste um terceiro conjunto foi produzido por descarbonetação contendo 110 ppm de carbono. As amostras foram envelhecidas consecutivamente em atmosfera inerte sob temperatura de 150 e 225 °C e tiveram suas propriedades magnéticas e microestruturais avaliadas em diferentes intervalos de tempos. Métodos, estes, que foram empregados com intuito de se estudar o efeito da precipitação de carbonetos na dissipação de energia anômala. O envelhecimento mecânico do aço com 340 ppm de carbono foi evidenciado após 6 horas de envelhecimento em um único pico, já o aço com 79 ppm de carbono e 2% silício apresentou um pico de envelhecimento mecânico a 75 horas. Por sua vez o aço contento 110 ppm de carbono apresentou um pico de dureza tardio, após 30 horas de envelhecimento sob 225 ºC Ficou evidenciado que o incremento do campo coercivo está ligado ao aumento do diâmetro da partícula. Essa tendência é verdadeira para carbonetos com faixa de tamanho de 0,5-0,65 ?m para a liga com 79 ppm carbono e 2% silício e de 0,55-0,81 ?m relativo à liga contendo 340 ppm de carbono. De maneira oposta, não foi identificado relação clara entre o tamanho dos carbonetos e a majoração de HC nas amostras da liga contento 110 ppm de carbono. O envelhecimento magnético mostrou-se mais deletério às propriedades magnéticas dos aços semiprocessados e totalmente processados quando estas são mensuradas em baixas frequências (f<60Hz). De maneira geral, foi observado que o envelhecimento porcentual (IE%) decresce com o aumento da frequência de excitação para o mesmo tempo e temperatura de envelhecimento. A respeito do emprego das amostras envelhecidas em altas frequências de excitação, a liga do aço totalmente processado apresentou menor dissipação de energia somente em frequência de excitação superiores a 1,5 kHz. Por sua vez, a liga semiprocessada contendo 340 ppm de carbono envelhecida por 6 e 12 horas mostrou-se menos dissipativa quando empregada sob indução de 1T, em frequências superiores a 640 e 900 Hz, respectivamente. O aço contendo 110 ppm de carbono apresentou os melhores resulto das ligas estudadas, como frequência de cruzamento abaixo dos 3 kHz e 700 Hz sob 1 e 1,5T, respectivamente. Elementos teóricos e empíricos dão conta de que o refinamento dos domínios magnéticos tende a ocorrer mais facilmente sob altas indução do que em baixas induções. O que implica em melhores resultados sob indução de 1,5T. O aumento da densidade dos domínios magnéticos foi constatado pelas imagens realizadas com luz polarizadas nas amostras do aço totalmente processado (70 ppm C e 2%Si). Os domínios magnéticos da amostra contendo 110 ppm de carbono, observados pela mesma técnica, apresentaram morfologia mais refinada o que dificultou a sua quantificação. Devido à precipitação dos carbonetos épsilon e cementita em planos de hábito na matriz ferrítica, é possível conjecturar que apenas 1/3 destes terão alta capacidade de ancoramento das paredes de domínios, uma vez que, apenas esta fração de precipitados terão seu menor eixo paralelo à direção de magnetização. / Three non-oriented electrical steels with different carbon content has been studied based on the hypothesis that iron carbides can act as a source of nucleation of new magnetic domains, which would then lead to a reduction in the growth rate of the anomalous energy dissipation as a function of the excitation frequency. Samples of the fully processed steel contained 79 ppm of carbon and 2% silicon, while the semi-processed steel contained 340 ppm of carbon, and from this alloy a third alloy containing 110 ppm of carbon was produced by decarburization. The samples were consecutively aged under inert atmosphere and at temperatures of 150 and 225°C, as well as had their magnetic and microstructural properties evaluated at different time intervals. The mechanical aging of the steel containing 340 ppm of carbon was evidenced after 6 hours of aging in a single peak, the steel containing 79 ppm of carbon and 2% silicon presented even a mechanical aging peak at 75 hours. In turn, samples of the NOES containing 110 ppm of carbon showed a late hardness peak after 30 hours of aging at 225°C. It was found that the increase in the coercive field is linked to the increase in the particle diameter. This trend is true for carbides with a size range of 0.5-0.65 ?m for the alloy containing 79 ppm carbon and 2% silicon, and 0.55-0.81 ?m for the alloy containing 340 ppm carbon. In contrast, no clear relationship was found between the carbide size and the coercive field increase in the samples of the NOES containing 110 ppm of carbon. Magnetic aging has been shown to be less deleterious to the magnetic properties of semi-processed and fully processed steels when they are measured at high frequencies (f >60Hz). Regarding the use of samples aged at high excitation frequencies, the alloy of the fully processed steel showed a lower energy dissipation only at excitation frequencies above 1.5 kHz. On the other hand, the steel containing with 340 ppm of carbon aged for 6 and 12 hours were less dissipative when employed under 1T induction at frequencies above 640 and 900 Hz, respectively. The NOES containing 110 ppm of carbon presented the best results of all the alloys studied, being able to be applied below 3 kHz and 700 Hz under 1 and 1.5T, respectively. Theoretical and empirical elements indicate that the magnetic domains refinement tends to occur more easily under high induction than under low inductions. This implies better results under and induction of 1.5T. The increase in the density of the magnetic domains was verified by light polarized images of the samples of the fully processed steel (70 ppm carbon and 2% silicon). The magnetic domains of the NOES110 sample observed using the same technique presented more a refined morphology, which made it difficult to quantify them. Due to the precipitation of the carbides epsilon and cementite in habit planes in the ferritic matrix, it is possible to conjecture that only a third of these will have a high anchoring capacity of the domain walls, since only this fraction of precipitate will have its smaller axis parallel to direction of magnetization.
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Footfall excitation of higher modes of vibration in low-frequency building floors

Al-Anbaki, Atheer Faisal Hameed January 2018 (has links)
This thesis investigates the footfall excitation of higher modes of vibration in low-frequency floor structures. This is motivated by the increased number of floors reportedly failing to meet the required occupants comfort level although being designed in accordance with the current state-of-the-art design guidelines. In particular modern, lightweight, and slender floor structures. The contribution to knowledge of this thesis can be summarised as: quantifying the signal energy of measured walking forces within and above the natural frequency cut-off proposed by the current state-of-the-art design guidelines; quantifying the contribution of higher modes of vibration to the overall response of low-frequency floors to human walking; propose measures to judge the response nature of low-frequency floors, these are the relevant change of the point stiffness and the shape of frequency response functions; proposing a frequency-domain approach that enables designers to include higher modes of vibration in the design against human-induced vibration. It was found that the signal energy of walking forces is distributed well beyond the natural frequency cut-off proposed by the current state-of-the-art design guidelines. Also, the contribution of localised, higher, modes of vibration to the overall response of ultra-lightweight floors was significant. Moreover, it was found that higher modes affect the response of floors of various construction types in one way or another. Hence, it was recommended to consider their contribution in the design of floors against human-induced vibration. Also, it was found that the higher the relative change of the point stiffness the more higher modes contribute to the overall response of floors. Finally, the frequency-domain analysis was found less expensive than time-domain analysis and could result in similarly useful information.

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