This Bachelors essay takes an in-depth look at how meaning is created through advertisements with references to art. What reasons can be found for why art, a phenomenon that draws highly on analogue reactions, is still widely used in advertisements today in a society that is more and more digitalized. Through a strategic selection of ads picked to illustrate variations in how art is used in advertising, different forms of how meaning is created through these ads are analysed. Semiotic analyses are applied to six different ads that all use art in some way. Methods such as social semiotics and multimodal analysis-tools lay the foundation for how the analyses are made. The semiotic analysis focuses on distinguishing certain factors of the ads that motivate the use of famous artworks. Based on results from previous research in the field I choose to look at three different reasons to why artworks are used in advertisements; humour, seriousness and exclusivity. Furthermore, this bachelors essay also includes a comparative analysis. Half of the advertisements included were produced in Sweden, the other half in Singapore. This comparative aspect of the essay is motivated by the fact that Sweden and Singapore are the two most digitalized countries in the world. This led to an interest in whether the analogue reactions which advertising with references to art are based on may differ between these two countries. The study shows that humour and exclusivity are the two main functions that give reason to the use of art in the analysed advertisements. Furthermore, the semiotic analyses found that humour-based ads tend to depend more on the relation between words and image to create meaning. Advertisements based on exclusivity tend to be more reliant on the visual aspects of the image. A tendency towards visual links between the products and the artwork used in the advertisements could also be found. The comparative aspect of the study found a similar focus on humour and exclusivity in the advertisements, though different forms of humour. A more transparent use of exclusivity in the advertisements from Singapore than the Swedish ones could also be distinguished.

<p>This thesis tries to define factors that impact upon the feeling of exclusivity for users on travelorganizers websites. We have identified seven key factors that we believe impact this feeling andthose factors are newsletters, special offers/auxiliary services, registration/limited information,price, limited number of seats on a journey, deals for members and personal service. To researchthis we have conducted a questionnaire and performed interviews with people that are familiarwith travel organizers websites. To create an understanding for the results we have studied usercenteredweb design, affective design and the meaning of pictures. The results show that personalservice and price are important factors to make users feel that they get their requirements andwishes met. Newsletters and special offers/auxiliary services on the other hand are seen by mostas spam and do not impact the feeling of exclusivity because it is being sent to anyone who signsup for it.</p>

This thesis tries to define factors that impact upon the feeling of exclusivity for users on travelorganizers websites. We have identified seven key factors that we believe impact this feeling andthose factors are newsletters, special offers/auxiliary services, registration/limited information,price, limited number of seats on a journey, deals for members and personal service. To researchthis we have conducted a questionnaire and performed interviews with people that are familiarwith travel organizers websites. To create an understanding for the results we have studied usercenteredweb design, affective design and the meaning of pictures. The results show that personalservice and price are important factors to make users feel that they get their requirements andwishes met. Newsletters and special offers/auxiliary services on the other hand are seen by mostas spam and do not impact the feeling of exclusivity because it is being sent to anyone who signsup for it.

The competition amongst companies is getting tougher and the economic markets are getting even bigger with new products and businesses. One way for companies to differentiate themselves from the competitors is through packaging design. If the merchandise is to send a reliable and solid message to consumers, the attributes of the packaging must be consistent and uniform. If the different attributes are not coherent, the message loses credibility towards the consumer. Through the sent messages, the pack signals the products’ expected quality and price. This paper includes two studies, in which the main objective is to discover and build understanding about Swedish consumers’ perception of a product’s price depending on the pack’s design. The focus of this paper is based upon household products. The first study is solely focused on consumers’ opinions on package design, while the second study is based on existing product packs on the market. The results obtained in the consumer study will discover eventual general opinions concerning cheap and expensive packages. These results will then be compared to a selection of products from the markets’ existing offers. The purpose of this study is to clarify how well companies shape their packs based on consumers’ general perception. It is finally discussed how the different attributes can be used to legitimize a higher or lower price. / Konkurrensen mellan företag ökar och blir allt hårdare med ett ständigt växande antal aktörer på marknaden. Ett sätt att differentiera sig från konkurrenter är genom förpackningsdesign. För att varan i sin helhet ska ge ett pålitligt intryck måste förpackningens attribut vara enhetliga och genomgående. Spretar attributen inger detta förvirring och skapar brist i trovärdighet hos konsumenten. Förpackningen signalerar varans förväntade kvalitet och pris. Denna uppsats omfattar två studier med syfte att kartlägga svenska konsumenters uppfattning av en produkts pris utifrån förpackningens utformning. Fokus i denna uppsats ligger på hushållsprodukter. Den första studien vänder sig direkt till konsumenten medan den andra undersöker befintliga förpackningar på marknaden. Resultatet av konsumenternas generella uppfattning, gällande billiga respektive dyrare förpackningar, jämförs med ett urval från marknadens befintliga utbud. Detta görs med syfte att klargöra för hur väl företagen arbetar efter konsumenternas generella uppfattning. Slutligen diskuteras hur de olika attributen kan användas i förpackningsdesign för att legitimera ett dyrare respektive billigare pris.

In this dissertation I investigate how individuals group others into sexual orientation (SO) categories based on a target's known sexual behaviors and romantic interests. I hypothesize that individuals known to have any non-heterosexual sexual or romantic interests are more likely to be perceived as "gay" (and not "straight") even when there is clear evidence of heterosexual interests and behaviors as well. This phenomenon has been termed "heterosexual exclusivity" in this work. In the process, I examine relevant writings and research on SO, including works related to SO in history, the conceptualization and measurement of SO, determinants of and influences on SO, the essentialism and social constructionism debate with regard to SO, innate bisexuality, and bisexual erasure. Additionally, I give specific focus to how and why men are affected by, as well as perpetuate heterosexual exclusivity. In doing so, I examine writings and research on the role and construction of masculinity as well as homophobia and the overlap of the two. I hypothesize that adherence to traditional masculinity and increased homophobia are predictive of increased heterosexual exclusivity in men. I also hypothesize that men are more likely to be the primary agents and targets of heterosexual [exclusivity]. The results supported most of these hypotheses. / text

A noção de serviço público, desde sua incorporação ao direito brasileiro, na primeira metade do século XX, sofreu profundas alterações. A atividade privativa do Estado, destinada à satisfação de necessidades coletivas e sujeita a um regime jurídico especial de direito público passa a ser questionada e desafiada por uma lógica de mercado cada vez mais crescente da qual decorre um anseio cada vez maior pela abertura dos mercados e pela eliminação de monopólios e privilégios. O serviço público como atividade exclusivamente estatal tem que ser revisto. Contudo, não tem que ser revisto para sua extinção. Tem que sê-lo para sua adequação, a qual deve ser empreendida em face do atual conteúdo da Constituição Federal de 1988. Na esteira do constitucionalismo da segunda metade do século XX, a carta constitucional brasileira foi farta na criação de direitos aos cidadãos. Nessa óptica, assegurou o direito fundamental da livre iniciativa e instituiu o princípio constitucional da livre concorrência, o que não pode passar despercebido no processo de revisão dos serviços públicos. O acesso de particulares às atividades constituídas como serviços públicos passa a ser cada vez mais constante, sob o pálio dos mais diversos regimes e instrumentos jurídicos. Como resultado, deve se procurar quais os contornos atuais do serviço público, quais os impactos do regime concorrencial sobre sua essência e quais os instrumentos que devem ser manejados pelo direito administrativo para superar os efeitos desses impactos. É esse, com precisão, o objetivo da presente tese. / The concept of public service has been through deep changes since its incorporation in Brazilian law system. The monopolistic activity of the State, aiming at satisfying social necessities and subject to a special public law regime is nowadays questioned and challenged by a rising market oriented logic that gives rise to the desire of a complete market opening and the elimination of monopolies and privileges. The public service must be revisited and reviewed. However, it must not be revisited to be extinguished. It must be revisited to become more accurate and adequate in view of the content of the Federal Constitution of 1988. In accordance with the constitutionalism of the second half of the 20th Century, the Brazilian Constitution created in favor of the citizens a considerable list of fundamental rights. In this perspective, it guaranteed the fundamental right of freedom of profession and created the constitutional principle of the free competition, what must have impacts upon the concept of public service. The accessibility of third private parties to the development of activities of public services is each day more common, under the protection of several legal instruments and legal regimes. As a result, the current configuration of the public service must be investigated, as well as the impacts of the competition thereon and the instruments that must be managed by the administrative law to mitigate the results of such impacts. This investigation is precisely the scope of this dissertation.

EN: The misdemeanor of endangering under the influence of addictive substance is one of the most frequently occurring criminal offenses that the Czech society encounters. I have divided my thesis into nine chapters. The first chapter deals with elements of the criminal offense under the influence of addictive substance as divided by legal theory. The second chapter describes the issue of the unlawfulness of the deed. The third chapter deals with an analysis of qualifying circumstances that legislature provided in the second paragraph of the misdemeanor of endangerment under the influence of drugs. The fourth chapter describes the issue and the conditions of participation of persons other than the principal perpetrator of the deed. The sixth chapter deals with the most common criminal offenses that occur along with the abovementioned misdemeanor. The seventh chapter is devoted to the new phenomenon of proving a condition that excludes competence in cases of influencing other addictive substance. In the eighth chapter I focus on the issue of showing of various types of sentences with regard to current practice in relation to sentencing for the deed in question under Section 274 of the Criminal Code. The ninth chapter describes various forms of so-called special methods of proceedings which are used in the...

The nature of Matthew’s community has been investigated by a number of scholars in the past and present. Currently, the debate centers on whether the Matthean community was a society with egalitarian structure consisting of equals. This study has also focused on the social structure of the Matthean community. The basic question is whether (or not) the Matthean community was an egalitarian group in an ancient advanced agrarian society in the first century Mediterranean world. If so (or if not so) does the Matthean community lack a hierarchical structure? This study suggests that the Matthean community was not an egalitarian structured society. The term “egalitarian” would not be applicable to the Matthean community, because the term “egalitarian” is a modern Western political and philosophical concept, which has its origin in the French revolutionary movement. The Matthean community was rather a socially stratified group in an ancient advanced agrarian society in the first century in the Mediterranean world. Consequently, the Matthean community was not a society with an egalitarian structure; rather, it was an inclusively structured society. This study has utilized two methodologies. Firstly, the investigation uses narrative criticism to analyse Matthew’s intention of his inclusive structured community depicted through Jesus’ inclusive ministry. This methodology considers the narrator’s point of view concerning Jesus’ ministry as he journeyed from Galilee to Jerusalem. Secondly, this research uses social scientific criticism to explore the Matthean text in order to consider Jesus’ ministry. This approach on Jesus ministry was reflected in the context of Matthew’s inclusive structure community. The Matthean community was socially mixed, consisting of Israelites and Gentiles. It was written in the years between 80 to 90 CE. The city of Antioch was the most likely setting for Matthew’s inclusive community, however hierarchically structured. A narrative point of view reading of Matthew’s story shows that Jesus was the protagonist involved in an inclusive ministry in accordance to God’s plan for the salvation of all people. The Israelite leaders are antagonistic to Jesus’ ministry, and they exclude social and religious outcasts. The disciples of Jesus help Jesus with his inclusive ministry, while the crowds help the Israelite leaders. However, there are times when the disciples do not understand Jesus’ inclusive ministry. The audience of Jesus’ inclusive ministry was the crowd. This inclusive ministry shifts from Galilee to Jerusalem and his ministry comes into conflict with the ideology of the Israelite leaders. Jesus’ focus was inclusive but the Israelite leaders were exclusive. Matthew’s depiction of Jesus’ inclusive mission completed with his death on the cross. A social scientific approach reveals that Matthew’s interpretation of Jesus’ inclusive ministry is directed to social and religious outcasts. His ministry includes sick people, sinners and tax collectors who are from the lower classes within a hierarchically structured society. Jesus’ ministry was reflected in the context of Matthew’s inclusive community. This study shows that the Matthean community was not a society with an egalitarian structure; rather, it was an inclusively structured society within a hierarchical context. / Thesis (PhD (New Testament))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / New Testament Studies / unrestricted

Cette thèse analyse les relations entre consommateurs et marques de luxe, etcomment cette relation évolue au 21ème siècle. Face au défi de la désacralisation face aux mutations de la société, liées à l’hypermodernité, à la démocratisation du luxe, à Internet et aux médias sociaux, les marques de luxe traditionnelles recherchent desmoyens de rester pertinentes et sacrées. Nous décrivons comment le sacré évolue etcomment les marques utilisent les propriétés du sacré pour rester des marques de luxe.Notre hypothèse principale est que le concept de sacré dans la société évolue etnous proposons donc un cadre théorique qui décrit un nouveau sacré potentiel pour que les marques de luxe restent souhaitables pour les consommateurs du 21ème siècle.Nous avons mené des entretiens approfondis avec les consommateurs de marquesde luxe, analysé les données Instagram et effectué des analyses ethnographiques etnethnographiques sur les ensembles de données, ce qui nous a permis de donner unpremier aperçu et de découvrir le rôle et l’importance du caractère sacré des marques de luxe.Nos résultats montrent trois tendances dans les relations des consommateurs avecles marques de luxe, qui sous-tendent différentes visions du sacré. Celles-ci vont du (1) sacré traditionnel, à savoir l'exclusivité, au (2) nouveau sacré, à l'inclusivité, et (3) à la fusion de l'exclusivité et de l'inclusivité. / This thesis analyzes the relationship between consumers and luxury brands, and how this relation is changing in the 21st century. Facing the challenge of being desacralized by the changes in society, stemming from hypermodernity, the democratization of luxury, the Internet, and social media, traditional luxury brands are looking for ways to remain relevant and sacred. We describe how sacredness is evolving and how brands are using the properties of sacredness to stay luxury brands.Our main assumption is that the concept of sacredness in society is evolving, and we therefore propose a theoretical framework that describes a potential new sacredness for luxury brands to remain desirable for consumers in the 21st century.We conducted in-depth interviews with luxury brand consumers, analyzed Instagramdata, and performed ethnography and nethnography analyses on the data sets, allowing us to provide first insights and findings on the role and importance of sacredness for luxury brands.Our findings show three patterns in the relationship of consumers to luxury brands,underlying different visions of sacredness. These range from (1) traditional sacredness, i.e. exclusivity, (2) new sacredness, i.e. inclusivity, and (3) a fusion of exclusivity and inclusivity.

I detta kandidatarbete har vi utforskat huruvida teater som ett medium för upplevelser skulle kunna översättas till ett digitalt spelmedium. Då ‘upplevelse’ som begrepp är mycket stort har vi valt att fokusera främst på känslan av exklusivitet vid liveföreställningar, och använt ett flertal metoder för att utforska detta, bland annat designperspektivet ‘simulering’ med vilket vi ämnat att simulera den agens en skådespelare har vid varje föreställning. Vi har dokumenterat designprocessen, från idégenerering och konceptplanering till vår arbetsprocess, samt gestaltningen av vår undersökning. Slutligen har vi kritiskt granskat resultatet av detta, och har därför kunnat fastställa att vår frågeställning inte har ett konkret svar utan snarare är en pågående process, i vilken fler nyanser av ‘upplevelse’ skulle behöva utforskas för att skapa en tydligare bild av vad en upplevelse faktiskt är. / In this Bachelor Thesis, we have explored whether theater as a medium for experiences could be translated into a digital game medium. Since 'experience' as a concept is very large, we have chosen to focus mainly on the feeling of exclusivity in live performances, and used a number of methods to explore this, including the design perspective ‘simulation’ with which we intended to simulate the agency the actor has in every performance. We have documented the design process, from idea generation and concept planning to our work process, as well as the product of our research. Finally, we have critically examined the result of this, and have therefore been able to determine that our question does not have a concrete answer but rather is an ongoing process in which more nuances of 'experience' would need to be explored to create a clearer picture of what an experience actually is.