Respirometers were designed which allowed the exercise physiology of Carcinus maenas (L.) and Homarus vulgaris (M.E.) to be examined in an aquatic environment. A treadmill system, incorporated into each respirometer, was used to induce exercise at a known velocity. The rate of oxygen consumption, (VO2), of Carcinus maenas exercised at different velocities was examined. It was found that at each velocity, VO2 reached a steady state. The steady state VO 2 was found to be linearly related to velocity. The VO2 of inactive animals, and the maximal rate of oxygen consumption were both found to be linearly related to animal live weight. The VO2, rate of heart beat (fH) and rate of scaphognathite beat (fScaph) of both C. maenas and H. vulgaris were measured prior to, during and after exercise, at one specific velocity. Various haemolymph gas parameters were also measured. In both species, the VO2, f H and FScaph increased at the onset of exercise until a steady state was achieved. Estimates of the rate of branchial water flow for C. maenas suggest that this parameter also increased as a result of exercise. The rate of blood flow increased as a result of excerise in both species, achieved by an increase in the rate of heart beat and stroke volume of the heart. In vitro oxygen equilibrium curve determinations suggest that at the velocities examined, a Bohr shift plays a minimal role in increasing oxygen delivery to the tissues during exercise of the two species. No significant change in haemolymph carbon dioxide tension or total gas content was found in either species, suggesting that gas exchange across the respiratory surface was not impared during exercise. In C. maenas, whole body and haemolymph L-lactate concentration increased as a result of exercise. No increase in haemolymph L-lactate was observed after exercise in H. vulgaris.

Background: Elderly patients have shown to have difficulties to adhere to a continuous independent exercising after a rehabilitation period. Therefore, there is a need for increased understanding among physiotherapists about how to prepare these patients to be independent. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe which factors elderly Arabic immigrants who has completed a clinical physiotherapy intervention, been advised to exercise on their own and then returned to physiotherapy again perceive as important factors for them to continue physical exercising on their own. Method: Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients aged 65 years and more with Arabic background. The interviews were analysed with qualitative content analysis and were presented in themes and categories with illustrating quotes. Results: The result showed one theme "Factors influencing continued physical exercising "with four categories and sixteen subcategories that emerged from the analysis. The four categories were: Individual-related factors, Psychosocial-related factors, Physiotherapeutic factors, and Authority-supporting factors. All these factors varied in adherence to exercise among the participants, but were all common among all participants. Conclusion: Adherence to exercising in elderly Arabic immigrants individuals appeared to be multifactorial. The result of the study showed that the informants are aware of and acknowledge the influence of the individual-related factors that appeared to be the major motivators/inhibitors for them, such as: pain, mood, limited income, coldness and lack of discipline. Nevertheless the result of the study showed that the informants' views on the training are positive. The training gave them every day routines, to being a part of social life. Moreover getting support from physiotherapists was contributing factor to adherence to exercising. A large number of informants also indicated that they couldn’t continue their training because of the shortage in availability and affordability of training facilities which should be the responsibility of the authorities. Language barrier was expressed as an important factor that could contribute to misunderstanding and therefore non-adherence to exercising. / Bakgrund: Äldre patienter har visat sig ha svårigheter att följa en kontinuerlig självständig träning efter en rehabiliteringsperiod. Därför finns det ökat behov av förståelse bland fysioterapeuter om hur man förbereder dessa patienter för att vara självständiga. Syftet med studien var att beskriva vilka viktiga faktorer som äldre arabiska immigranter som har genomgått en färdig klinisk fysioterapeutisk behandling och har blivit rekommenderat att träna på egen hand uppfattar som viktiga faktorer för att de ska vara självständiga vid träning. Metod: Tio halvstrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med patienter i åldern 65 år och mer med arabisk bakgrund. Intervjuerna analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys och presenterades i teman och kategorier med illustrerande citat. Resultatet visade ett tema "Faktorer som påverkar fortsatt fysisk träning" med fyra kategorier och sexton subkategorier som framkom av analysen. kategorierna var: Individrelaterade faktorer, psykosociala faktorer, fysioterapeutiska faktorer och myndighetsstödande faktorer. Alla dessa faktorer varierade bland deltagarna, men var alla vanliga bland alla deltagare. Slutsats: Att hålla sig till fysiska övningar hos äldre arabiska immigranter tycktes vara multifaktoriella. Resultatet av studien visade att informanterna är medvetna om och bekräftar påverkan av de enskildrelaterade faktorer som verkade vara de främsta motivatorerna och hämmarna för dem, såsom: smärta, humör, begränsad inkomst, kyla och brist på disciplin. Resultatet av studien visade likväl att informatörernas syn på träning är positiva. Träningen gav dem dagliga rutiner och känsla av att vara en del av det sociala livet. Stödet från fysioterapeuterna var även motiverande faktor för försätta träning. Majoriteten av informanterna betonade också att de inte kunde fortsätta sin utbildning på grund av bristen på tillgänglighet och överkomliga kostnader för träningsanläggningar som borde vara myndigheternas ansvar. Språkbarriären uttrycktes som en viktig faktor som skulle kunna bidra till missförstånd och därmed inte överensstämma med träning.

TITLE: Obesity of Older School Age Children Based on Physical Activity and Eating Habits AUTHOR: Bc. Eva Lamačová DEPARTMENT: Department of Education SUPERVISOR: PaedDr. Eva Marádová, CSc. ABSTRACT: This thesis deals with the obesity of older school age children and their dependence on eating and exercising habits. The theoretical part summarizes knowledge regarding overweight and obesity, disease diagnosis, epidemiological trends and complications related to obesity. Emphasis is put on the evaluation of reasons to why this problem occurs, such as disease prevention, dietary and exercise recommendations, its therapy and inclusion of the issue with the secondary school curriculum. The practical part contains research focused on the nutritional status, eating and exercise habits of pupils in secondary school. The survey results are designed for use in pedagogical practice. Usage is targeted for obesity prevention in this age group during Physical Education and Health Education subjects. KEYWORDS: Obesity, overweight, eating habits, exercising habits

Title: Dysmenorrhea and its possible treatment by physiotherapy Objectives: The aim of this thesis has been to assess the effect of simple feet exercises along with the practice of pelvic floor activation and relaxation on women struggling with dysmenorrhea. Subsequently, it also deals with the issue of whether the pelvic floor treat- ment per rectum together with the exercises is more effective than just plain exercising. Methods: This research has been based on an experiment. This thesis includes both a the- oretical part and a practical part. The methods used for the practical part are as follows: questionnaire (specifically Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire), simple feet exercises, ex- ercises used for the activation and relaxation of the pelvic floor as well as the pelvic floor treatment per rectum and final processing of the gathered data into statistics. Results: The menstrual cycle of every woman is completely individual and every woman perceives it quite differently. The result of the research was that simple feet exercises along with the practice of pelvic floor activation, relaxation and the pelvic floor treatment per rectum help women struggling with dysmenorrhea. We didn't discover any data that confirms whether the pelvic floor treatment per rectum, together with the exercises, is more...

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Darbo tikslas – įvertinti nuovargio ir pusės metų trukmės sveikatą stiprinančių pratybų įtaką širdies ir kraujagyslių sistemos reakcijai į dozuoto aerobinio krūvio mėginį. Darbo uždaviniai: 1 – Nustatyti ištvermės lavinimo pratybų įtaką elektrokardiogramos rodiklių kaitai. 2 – Palyginti EKG rodiklių kaitą prieš pratybas ir po jų, atliekant tris dozuoto intensyvumo fizinius krūvius. 3 – Nustatyti pusės metų trukmės sveikatą stiprinančių pratybų įtaką širdies ir kraujagyslių sistemos funkcinės būklės rodikliams. ŠKS funkcinių rodiklių registravimui atliekant krūvį ir atsigavimo metu naudojome kompiuterinę EKG analizės sistemą „Kaunas – Krūvis“, kuri apskaičiuodavo ir pateikdavo visų 12–koje EKG atvadų RR ir JT intervalo reikšmių vidurkius. Arterinį kraujo spaudimą (AKS) matavome Korotkovo metodu kairės rankos žasto srityje: sistolinį (S) ir diastolinį (D). Buvo registruojama prieš mėginį, iš karto po jo, baigiantis pirmajai ir antrajai atsigavimo minutėms. Miokardo depoliarizacijos ir repoliarizacijos procesų sąsajos kaitą vertinime pagal EKG QRS ir JTC intervalų kaitą, pasinaudodami matricinės analizės metodika. Pirmajame tyrime dalyvavo 12 vidutinių nuotolių bėgikų. Buvo vertinama tolygaus kroso įtaka širdies ir kraujagyslių sistemos (ŠKS) funkcinei būklei. Antrajame tyrime dalyvavo 16 tiriamųjų. Visi tiriamieji yra sveiki asmenys, nesiskundžiantys širdies ir kraujagyslių sistemos funkcija. Tiriamieji dalyvavo reguliariose sveikatos stiprinimo pratybose tris kartus... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of tiredness and health-strengthening exercises on the reaction of cardiovascular system to the repeated measured aerobic loads. The next task was formulated: 1 – to assess the influence of endurance training session to indices of ECG. 2 – to compare the Dynamics OFM ECG indices before ant after exercise training session while performing 3 dosed exercise tests. 3 – To assess the influence of half-year health promotion training on functional indices of cardiovascular system. The computerized system „Kaunas- load“ was used for registration and analysis of 12-leads ECG: RR, JT intervals and their ratio, ST-segment depression. Arterial blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) was measured by Korotkov method. The concatenation between the depolarization and repolarization processes in myocardium by using the ECG indices QRS and JTC was assessed by method matrix analysis. Twelve middle distance runners participated in the first research. The effect of the even cross-country run on the functional state of cardiovascular system (CVS) was assessed. 16 surveyed persons in the second survey. All surveyed are conditionally healthy persons, not having any complains regarding function of cardiovascular system. The participant of this study take part in the regular health promotion groups by exercising three times per week, with the duration of an hour and a half at the gym, including frequent application of northern walking with sticks in... [to full text]

This diploma thesis is focused on analyzing physical activity among the high school students in Czech Budweis. The Research was focused on monitoring of students using the pedometer for the period of one week in winter and one week in spring season. One of the goals of research was to determine the differences in terms of physical activity according to season of the year, during the school week and weekend. Other points of focus included the difference between physical activity of boys and girls and a day during which students are most active. 55 high school third year degree students took part in the research throughout the internet online system INDARES by filling in their physical activity. The results of measurement were statistically processed and evaluated by Center for Kinanthropology Research in Olomouc, and written down in charts and graphs. The measurement results pointed out the difference between physical activity during weekend within different seasons of the year, whereas school week for the whole 7 days of monitoring showed no significant differences. Furthermore, the results proved higher physical activity for boys during school week, and for girls during weekend. The day with the highest physical activity monitored was Tuesday within the first week of measurement in winter.

Este estudo avaliou o efeito de um programa fisioterápico no pré-natal, como uma proposta pedagógica através do exercício do assoalho pélvico, que facilitaria a fase de expulsão do parto, em dois grupos constituídos de gestantes adolescentes e adultas - primíparas e multíparas. O tempo de expulsão no segundo estágio do parto variou de 1 a 18 mínutos, no grupo de gestantes que realizou o exercício (experimental) e, de 1 a 20 minutos, no grupo controle. Esta diferença não foi significativa e, em ambos os grupos, foi menor que o valor mínímo de 20 mínutos, descrito na literatura. O grupo experimental evidenciou, embora fracamente, as seguintes correlações: o tempo expulsivo dimínuiu com o aumento dos exercícios nas gestantes acima de 18 anos e aumentou, nas gestantes com menos de 18 anos. O Apgar dos bebês, no primeiro e no quinto minuto, não mostrou diferença signíficativa entre os grupos. Ficou demonstrado o valor pedagógico do programa fisioterápico de preparação para o parto pelo incremento do nível de informação das gestantes e pela aquisição da consciência e controle motor da musculatura do assoalho pélvico, assim como o nível de satisfação das gestantes. / This study evaluated the effect of a prenatal physiotherapy program, as a pedagogical proposal, by means of pelvic floor exercising which would improve delivery, in two groups of pregnants including adolescent and adult women - primiparae and multiparae. The second stage delivery time ranged from 1 to 18 minutes within the experimental group of pregnant women performing the exercises and from 1 to 20 minutes, within a control group. This difference was not significant and both groups showed delivery times under the 20 minutes reported in the literature. Although weakly, the experimental group evidenced the following correlations: delivery time was reduced as exercising increased, for pregnant women over 18 years old, and increased, for those below 18 years old. Babies bom from both groups showed no significant differences concerning Apgar scores, at the first and fifth minutes. The prenatal physiotherapy program showed to be pedagogically valuable because it increased the pregnants' information levei, pelvic floor musculature awareness and motor control, as well as women's satisfaction degree.

This dissertation is divided into theoretic and practical sections. The theoretic part, is based on study literature, representing the problematic microscopic wood construction, with the necessary graphics documentation and definition. Also including the technology of preparation and production samples of species for microscopical observation. The practical part includes a set of specimens for microscopical wood anatomy observation accordant to the fabrication and education needs in the subject Laboratory practice-Wood. For every single preparation is provide a cumulative list and description.

Este estudo avaliou o efeito de um programa fisioterápico no pré-natal, como uma proposta pedagógica através do exercício do assoalho pélvico, que facilitaria a fase de expulsão do parto, em dois grupos constituídos de gestantes adolescentes e adultas - primíparas e multíparas. O tempo de expulsão no segundo estágio do parto variou de 1 a 18 mínutos, no grupo de gestantes que realizou o exercício (experimental) e, de 1 a 20 minutos, no grupo controle. Esta diferença não foi significativa e, em ambos os grupos, foi menor que o valor mínímo de 20 mínutos, descrito na literatura. O grupo experimental evidenciou, embora fracamente, as seguintes correlações: o tempo expulsivo dimínuiu com o aumento dos exercícios nas gestantes acima de 18 anos e aumentou, nas gestantes com menos de 18 anos. O Apgar dos bebês, no primeiro e no quinto minuto, não mostrou diferença signíficativa entre os grupos. Ficou demonstrado o valor pedagógico do programa fisioterápico de preparação para o parto pelo incremento do nível de informação das gestantes e pela aquisição da consciência e controle motor da musculatura do assoalho pélvico, assim como o nível de satisfação das gestantes. / This study evaluated the effect of a prenatal physiotherapy program, as a pedagogical proposal, by means of pelvic floor exercising which would improve delivery, in two groups of pregnants including adolescent and adult women - primiparae and multiparae. The second stage delivery time ranged from 1 to 18 minutes within the experimental group of pregnant women performing the exercises and from 1 to 20 minutes, within a control group. This difference was not significant and both groups showed delivery times under the 20 minutes reported in the literature. Although weakly, the experimental group evidenced the following correlations: delivery time was reduced as exercising increased, for pregnant women over 18 years old, and increased, for those below 18 years old. Babies bom from both groups showed no significant differences concerning Apgar scores, at the first and fifth minutes. The prenatal physiotherapy program showed to be pedagogically valuable because it increased the pregnants' information levei, pelvic floor musculature awareness and motor control, as well as women's satisfaction degree.