Cette thèse examine la dynamique des relations professionnelles dans les entreprises publiques en Chine, à partir de deux monographies réalisées dans des établissements situés à Shanghai. Elle s’interroge notamment aux conséquences des transformations du secteur public dans le prolongement des réformes engagées dans les années 1980. Ces réformes conduisent à distinguer véritablement les intérêts des salariés de ceux des directions d’entreprise. En ce sens, elles ouvrent la voie à l’émergence d’un système de relations professionnelles. Elle s’attache à l’analyse des politiques du personnel dans ces entreprises, marquées par une autonomisation croissante à l’égard des autorités publiques, à la transformation du rôle du syndicat dans ce contexte et à l’action collective des salariés notamment dans le contexte de restructurations et d’incertitude sur l’avenir de l’entreprise. / This thesis examines the dynamics of employments relations in state-owned enterprises in China based on monographs produced in the Shanghai branches of two companies. In particular, it is intended to discuss the impact of transformations in the public sector from reforms in the 1980s. These reforms led to truly distinguish the interests of labor from those of management. In this sense, they paved the way for the emergence of a system of employments relations. This thesis focuses on the analysis of human resource policies in these companies, which were marked by increasing independence from the public authorities, the changing role of the union in this context, and the collective action of workers in the context of restructuring and uncertainty about the future of the company.

L'analyse de la coordination autour des ressources communes s'est focalisée essentiellement sur la question du choix des instruments de gestion permettant d'orienter le comportement des agents économiques. Ce faisant le rôle potentiel des logiques d'acteurs en amont du processus de coordination est insuffisamment étudié, ce qui explique en partie l'échec de certains de ces instruments. Dès lors, l'objectif de notre recherche consiste en la construction d'une grille de lecture à même d'appréhender les déterminants amont de la coordination. Nous intégrons, dans cette perspective, l'effet potentiel des variables institutionnelles, technologiques et relatives aux dynamiques locales sur les stratégies adoptées par les acteurs. Dans la partie empirique de notre travail nous nous sommes concentrés sur le problème spécifique du partage de la ressource en eau entre les agriculteurs et les ostréiculteurs dans le bassin versant de la Charente. Sur la base d'analyses quantitatives et qualitatives, nous montrons notamment l'existence de blocages macro-institutionnels et cognitifs qui réduisent significativement l'ensemble des stratégies possibles et supposent le maintien des prélèvements en eau. Cependant, nos investigations nous permettent également de mettre en évidence le jeu complexe des interactions locales entre les agriculteurs et les ostréiculteurs, et la façon dont celui-ci vient contrarier ces tendances et atténuer en partie le problème de partage de la ressource.

In the present study, the role of locus of control and critical thinking in handling dissatisfactions in the romantic relationships of university students was examined. Five hundred and eighty university students (373 females, 207 males) from different faculties of five universities located in Ankara voluntarily participated in the study. Convenient sampling procedure was used in all phases of the study. A pilot study was conducted to adapt My Responses to Relationship Problems Scale (MRRPS) into Turkish. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) were utilized to assess factorial and dimensional structure of MRRPS. Results revealed MRRPS to be psychometrically satisfactory. In the main study, four separate, moderated regression analyses were conducted to assess the predictive role of locus of control, critical thinking, and their interaction on exit, voice, loyalty and neglect responses. Results revealed that locus of control significantly predicted exit, voice and neglect responses. Participants with external locus of control had significantly higher exit and neglect scores whereas participants with internal locus of control had significantly higher voice scores. In addition, critical thinking significantly predicted exit and voice scores. Participants with lower levels of critical thinking disposition had higher exit scores whereas participants with higher levels of critical thinking had significantly higher voice scores. Findings of the present study were discussed in the framework of locus of control, critical thinking and close relationships.

<p>Workplace bullying is a major global issue which has received a lot of recognition because of its negative effects on victims’ health and work productivity. There have been many attempts to mitigate the effects of workplace bullying, leading researchers to extensively study the phenomenon in various contexts and relationships. Information on workplace bullying in the academic context, precisely relationships between academic advisors and graduate student advisees, is however, lacking. This study aimed at filling in the gap by seeking information about communicative behaviors from advisors that graduate advisees characterized as bullying, and common responses graduate advisees resorted to in the face of adversity. We also sought to understand why advisees may have responded to maltreatment in specific ways. We, therefore, proposed a working model which hypothesized a relationship between advisor negative acts, commitment levels of advisees, and advisee responses. Using Amazon’s Mechanical (MTurk) to recruit our sample, participants filled out a survey which included a few demographic questions, the revised version of the Negative Acts Questionnaire (NAQ-R) to measure advisor negative acts, the Exit-Voice-Loyalty-Neglect (EVLN) typology to measure advisee responses, and the Investment Model Scale (IMS) to measure advisee commitment levels to the work relationship with advisors. We verified the reliability and validity of the scales adopted for this study and ran some correlation and mediation analyses to answer our research questions and test our hypotheses. From our findings, we learned that most advisees reported personal insults occurring more frequently in their work relationships with advisors. Advisees also reported a high commitment to the work relationships with their advisors, despite maltreatment, and often responded by adopting the voice or neglect strategy. Findings from this exploratory study imply there is more information to be sought on workplace bullying between advisees and advisors in academic contexts.</p> <br> <p> </p>

Les révolutions de l’Est ont induit la fragmentation des Etats qui s’est accompagnée, sur le plan interne par une renaissance des partis ethniques ; ce qui ne va pas sans poser de problèmes à la démocratie politique. Les transitions et a fortiori les consolidations démocratiques font émerger un double phénomène d’interaction entre les acteurs et le système, dans la recherche d’un nouvel équilibre. Les partis ethniques se politisent alors que le système s’ouvre à l’acteur ethnique. On assiste donc à un réajustement évolutif du système devant la nouvelle donne. Le système s’ouvre aux nouvelles demandes à caractère ethnique de différentes façons et à différents degrés : entre la légalisation et la tolérance. Côté acteurs, les partis ethniques rentrent progressivement dans le jeu politique ; de différentes façons et à différents degrés. Dans notre champ problématique les relations interactives se déploient entre acteurs multi-niveaux (partis-Etats) et dans les divers champs (politique, sociétal et juridique). Leurs connexions sont croisées entre l’espace étatique et internationale, public et civil, politique et sociétal ; avec les Etats d’accueil ou d’origine, mais aussi, les Etats-tiers. Ils sont à velléités indépendantistes ou simplement des lobbies politiques. Nous avons essayé de mettre en lumière les principaux aspects de la complexité de la question ethnique dans les jeunes démocraties politiques ‘‘en consolidation’’. La problématique ethnique des PECO peut-elle nous aider à compléter en actualisant certaines visions généralistes des sciences politiques ? Les acteurs impliqués sont ainsi invités à éviter les pièges des nationalismes perçus comme ‘‘mesquins’’, voire ‘‘chaotiques’’ tout en servant la cause d’une plus souple intégration politique alias la ‘‘paix démocratique’’. / The revolutions of Eastern induced fragmentation of States were accompanied internally by a revival of ethnic parties, which is not without its problems in political democracy. Transitions and even more democratic consolidation are emerging a double phenomenon of interaction between actors and the system in search of a new equilibrium. Ethnic parties then politicize the system opens the ethnic actor. We are witnessing an evolutionary adjustment of the system to the new situation. The system opens to the new demands ethnic ways and to different degrees: between legalization and tolerance. Side actors, are gradually returning ethnic parties in the political game, in different ways and to different degrees. In our problem the field deploy interactive relationships between multi-level actors (parties-States) and in the various fields (political, societal and legal). Their connections are crossed between the State and international space, public and civil, political and social, with host countries or origin, but also the third States. They are separatist ambitions or simply political lobbies. We tried to highlight the main aspects of the complexity of the ethnic issue in young democracies political '' in consolidation ''. The ethnic problem of CEEC can help us to complete updating some general visions of political science? The actors involved are invited to avoid the pitfalls of nationalism perceived as '' petty '' or '' chaotic '' while serving the cause of a more flexible policy integration to the ‘‘democratic peace’’.