<p>The relationship between alcohol consumption and alcohol-related violence has been firmly established in a wide array of studies concerning various forms of violence including intimate partner violence, domestic violence as well as sexual assault. One factor which has been highlighted as having a moderating effect on the relationship between alcohol consumption and alcohol-related aggression is the specific aggression-related alcohol expectancies concerning the effects of alcohol consumption on aggressive behaviour. In light of the prevalence of alcohol-related violence in South African communities it becomes important to examine the specific factors that moderate the relationship between alcohol consumption and alcohol-related aggression and violence. The aim of this study was to examine aggressionrelated alcohol expectancies as a moderating factor in the relationship between alcohol consumption and alcohol-related aggression and to examine the possible influence of exposure to community alcohol-related aggression in the formulation of aggression-related alcohol expectancies. The main objectives of this were to examine aggression-related alcohol expectancies as well as exposure to community alcohol-related aggression as domains for intervention to prevent alcohol-related violence.</p>

<p>The relationship between alcohol consumption and alcohol-related violence has been firmly established in a wide array of studies concerning various forms of violence including intimate partner violence, domestic violence as well as sexual assault. One factor which has been highlighted as having a moderating effect on the relationship between alcohol consumption and alcohol-related aggression is the specific aggression-related alcohol expectancies concerning the effects of alcohol consumption on aggressive behaviour. In light of the prevalence of alcohol-related violence in South African communities it becomes important to examine the specific factors that moderate the relationship between alcohol consumption and alcohol-related aggression and violence. The aim of this study was to examine aggressionrelated alcohol expectancies as a moderating factor in the relationship between alcohol consumption and alcohol-related aggression and to examine the possible influence of exposure to community alcohol-related aggression in the formulation of aggression-related alcohol expectancies. The main objectives of this were to examine aggression-related alcohol expectancies as well as exposure to community alcohol-related aggression as domains for intervention to prevent alcohol-related violence.</p>

This study examined the motivation of entrepreneurs in starting a business. More specifically, it aimed to identify whether entrepreneurs have common motives for starting their own business, and to determine whether men and women have different reasons for becoming entrepreneurs. The empirical study was conducted on a sample of 101 entrepreneurs. A motivation scale and open-ended questions were used to measure motivation. The results indicated that men and women have various reasons for starting a business, and are primarily motivated by the need for independence, need for material incentives and the need for achievement. The need to contribute to the community was not an important motive. Comparatively, male entrepreneurs were more motivated by the need to give family security and to make a difference in the business, and female entrepreneurs were motivated more by the need to keep learning and the need for more money to survive. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.A. (Industrial Psychology)

Text in Afrikaans / Hierdie navorsing het ten doel om die verband tussen organisasieklimaat en werksmotivering te bepaaL Organisasieklimaat is met die Organisasiediagnosevraelys (ODV) gemeet en werksmolivering is met die Verwagtingsmotiveringsvraelys (VMV) gemeet, 'n skaal wat gefundeer is in die teoretiese model van Edward E Lawler, III, en deur die navorser aangepas is vir die steekproef en deur faktorontleding valideer is. Die interalcsie deur biografiese en organisatoriese veranderlikes (ras, geslag, hierargiese posvlak, werkspan, ouderdom en diensjare) is dear ontleding van variansie en korrelasieontleding ondersoek. AI die korrelasies tussen die hoofdimensies van organisasieklimaat en werksmotivering, met die uitsondering van valensie, ondersteun die navorsingshipoteses met totale organisasieklimaat en totale werlcsmotivering (volgens die Lawler-formule) se korrelasie gelyk aan 0,549 teen die 0,01 peil. Deur stapsgewyse regressie-ontleding is twee dimensies van organisasieklimaat, naamlik taakeienskappe asook bestuur en leierskap, gebruik om totale werksmotivering volgens Lawler se formule te voorspel. Ongeveer 30% van die variansie van werksmotivering is hierdeur voorspel. / The objective of this research is to determine the relationship between organisational climate and work motivation. Organisational climate was measured by the Organisational Diagnostic Questionnaire (ODQ), and work motivation was measured by the Expectancy Motivation Questionnaire (EMQ), a scale based on the model of Edward E. Lawler, III, and validated by means of factor analysis for the population. The interaction of the biographical and organisational variables on the main variables was studied by means of ANOVA as well as correlations. The correlation between total organisational climate and total work motivation (calculated according to the Lawler formula) was 0,549 at the 0,01 level, thus supporting the research hypothesis. By following the stepwise regression analytical procedures, the two dimensions of organisational climate (task characteristics and manager/leadership) used to forecast work motivation (as calculated by the Lawler formula), explained 30% of the variance of work motivation. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / MCOM (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

South African schools have experienced a high rate of educator turnover which has led to greater school instability, disruption of curricular cohesiveness and a continual need to hire experienced and inexperienced educators, who may be typically less effective, as replacements for educators who leave. Unfortunately, principals of schools lack organizational capacity to provide the necessary management strategies that can enhance educators’ job satisfaction. Since the principals are fully responsible for the proper functioning of the schools and their personnel, this study explored the relationship between the management strategies of school principals and the educators’ job satisfaction levels within the context of South African schools. It examined how management strategies of principals impact on job satisfaction levels of educators in various school environments. The study explored literature from local and international perspectives on management strategies and the job satisfaction of educators. It described the background and findings of the relationship between management strategies of principals and educators’ job satisfaction levels from an education management perspective. For the empirical inquiry the study adopted a qualitative research paradigm, and as such, a qualitative investigation of the relationship between the management strategies of school principals and the educators’ job satisfaction levels in schools was conducted. Non-probability sampling methods were used to select a sample of six school principals and twelve educators. Individual and focus group interviews were used in data collection and were audio-recorded. Throughout the research study, ethical considerations were upheld. Data analysis involved a mix of content and thematic analysis instruments. The study findings determined the relationship between management strategies of principals and educators’ job satisfaction levels. An understanding of human relationship is very important to school principals who have the responsibility of establishing an environment that not only motivates educators, but can also help to enhance their job satisfaction levels in a positive way. An understanding of educators’ needs also helps school principals to devise management strategies to enhance the job satisfaction levels of educators. Based on the findings, recommendations to improve the management strategies of school principals in the enhancement of educators’ job satisfaction were proposed. / Educational Leadership and Management / D. Ed. (Education Management)

Text in Afrikaans / Hierdie navorsing het ten doel om die verband tussen organisasieklimaat en werksmotivering te bepaaL Organisasieklimaat is met die Organisasiediagnosevraelys (ODV) gemeet en werksmolivering is met die Verwagtingsmotiveringsvraelys (VMV) gemeet, 'n skaal wat gefundeer is in die teoretiese model van Edward E Lawler, III, en deur die navorser aangepas is vir die steekproef en deur faktorontleding valideer is. Die interalcsie deur biografiese en organisatoriese veranderlikes (ras, geslag, hierargiese posvlak, werkspan, ouderdom en diensjare) is dear ontleding van variansie en korrelasieontleding ondersoek. AI die korrelasies tussen die hoofdimensies van organisasieklimaat en werksmotivering, met die uitsondering van valensie, ondersteun die navorsingshipoteses met totale organisasieklimaat en totale werlcsmotivering (volgens die Lawler-formule) se korrelasie gelyk aan 0,549 teen die 0,01 peil. Deur stapsgewyse regressie-ontleding is twee dimensies van organisasieklimaat, naamlik taakeienskappe asook bestuur en leierskap, gebruik om totale werksmotivering volgens Lawler se formule te voorspel. Ongeveer 30% van die variansie van werksmotivering is hierdeur voorspel. / The objective of this research is to determine the relationship between organisational climate and work motivation. Organisational climate was measured by the Organisational Diagnostic Questionnaire (ODQ), and work motivation was measured by the Expectancy Motivation Questionnaire (EMQ), a scale based on the model of Edward E. Lawler, III, and validated by means of factor analysis for the population. The interaction of the biographical and organisational variables on the main variables was studied by means of ANOVA as well as correlations. The correlation between total organisational climate and total work motivation (calculated according to the Lawler formula) was 0,549 at the 0,01 level, thus supporting the research hypothesis. By following the stepwise regression analytical procedures, the two dimensions of organisational climate (task characteristics and manager/leadership) used to forecast work motivation (as calculated by the Lawler formula), explained 30% of the variance of work motivation. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / MCOM (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

This study examined the motivation of entrepreneurs in starting a business. More specifically, it aimed to identify whether entrepreneurs have common motives for starting their own business, and to determine whether men and women have different reasons for becoming entrepreneurs. The empirical study was conducted on a sample of 101 entrepreneurs. A motivation scale and open-ended questions were used to measure motivation. The results indicated that men and women have various reasons for starting a business, and are primarily motivated by the need for independence, need for material incentives and the need for achievement. The need to contribute to the community was not an important motive. Comparatively, male entrepreneurs were more motivated by the need to give family security and to make a difference in the business, and female entrepreneurs were motivated more by the need to keep learning and the need for more money to survive. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.A. (Industrial Psychology)

South African schools have experienced a high rate of educator turnover which has led to greater school instability, disruption of curricular cohesiveness and a continual need to hire experienced and inexperienced educators, who may be typically less effective, as replacements for educators who leave. Unfortunately, principals of schools lack organizational capacity to provide the necessary management strategies that can enhance educators’ job satisfaction. Since the principals are fully responsible for the proper functioning of the schools and their personnel, this study explored the relationship between the management strategies of school principals and the educators’ job satisfaction levels within the context of South African schools. It examined how management strategies of principals impact on job satisfaction levels of educators in various school environments. The study explored literature from local and international perspectives on management strategies and the job satisfaction of educators. It described the background and findings of the relationship between management strategies of principals and educators’ job satisfaction levels from an education management perspective. For the empirical inquiry the study adopted a qualitative research paradigm, and as such, a qualitative investigation of the relationship between the management strategies of school principals and the educators’ job satisfaction levels in schools was conducted. Non-probability sampling methods were used to select a sample of six school principals and twelve educators. Individual and focus group interviews were used in data collection and were audio-recorded. Throughout the research study, ethical considerations were upheld. Data analysis involved a mix of content and thematic analysis instruments. The study findings determined the relationship between management strategies of principals and educators’ job satisfaction levels. An understanding of human relationship is very important to school principals who have the responsibility of establishing an environment that not only motivates educators, but can also help to enhance their job satisfaction levels in a positive way. An understanding of educators’ needs also helps school principals to devise management strategies to enhance the job satisfaction levels of educators. Based on the findings, recommendations to improve the management strategies of school principals in the enhancement of educators’ job satisfaction were proposed. / Educational Leadership and Management / D. Ed. (Education Management)

The focus of this research was to compare the student membership population proportions, by race and gender, of Brevard County Public School students with the actual participation in select choice programs offered to Brevard County public high school students. This study was based on an analysis of the scores of 1,152 eighth-grade students who received a score of 4 or 5 on the 2008 Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT) mathematics and a score of 4 or 5 on the 2008 Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT) reading and their participation in high school advanced academic courses. The advanced academic choice programs selected for this study consisted of the four Florida articulated accelerated college credit seeking programs: Advanced Placement (AP), Dual-Enrollment (DE), International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Programme, and the Cambridge Advanced International Certificate of Education (AICE). The proportion comparison consisted of student membership data and eighth-grade FCAT scores from 2007-2008 and the student membership data and high school course load data from the 2008-2009, 2009-2010, 2010-2011, and 2011-2012 academic school years. Chi-square goodness-of-fit tests were run to analyze the proportions by race and gender of the sample groups and student membership populations. For each respective year involved in this study, there was a statistically significant difference in the race and gender proportions of the samples and the student membership populations.