This study concentrates on psychology of death and psychology of meaning of life. The primary goal is to survey personal conceptions of death as a state. Theoretical part of this study presents psychological view on topics of death and human percieving of awareness of their own mortality, outlines intercultural view on common motives across eschatologies and their relation to various psychological and philosophical approaches on death, and summarizes certain aspects of ontogenesis of death conceptions. One chapter focuses on dimensions of psychological construct of meaning in life. Other chapter resumes previous psychological research on areas of psychology of death and psychology of meaningfulness of life. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were used to explore our topic. To get descriptions of personal conceptions of death as state in population of young adults, qualitative methodes were used. Scales were administered to access levels of death anxiety and meaning in life, strenghts of belief in an afterlife, and to monitor emotions regarding own images of death as state. Relationship between death anxiety and emotions regarding own images of death as state was proven significant based on research realized on population of 51 young adults. Collected quantitative data did not serve as a...

ABSTRACT Introduction The parents involvement in the physical therapy treatment of their child diagnosed with congenital muscular torticollis is crucial for a positive outcome. The parents’ role has been mentioned as valuable in many studies, but there is a lack of studies that solely focus on the parents. Purpose The purpose was to interview Vietnamese parents at Ho Chi Minh City Children's Hospital in Vietnam, focusing on what the parents believe to be their role in the treatment of their child with congenital muscular torticollis. Design and method This study had a qualitative and exploratory research design with eight semi-structured interviews. To process the data a qualitative inductive content analysis were used. Results There were a will from the participants to be involved in the physical therapy treatment but there were also a need and desire for more knowledge. The participants experienced role in the treatment were regarding knowledge, trust, support and involvement. Conclusion All of the participants saw their importance to the treatment and wanted to be involved in the intervention. Despite the will to be involved there are a need of more support from the hospital. / SAMMANFATTNING Bakgrund I den fysioterapeutiska behandlingen för barn med kongenital muskulär torticollis är det viktigt att föräldrarna involveras. Föräldrarnas delaktighet i behandlingen är avgörande för att uppnå positiv effekt. I ett flertal studier tas föräldrarnas roll i behandlingen upp som viktig, trots detta finns det i nuläget ingen studie som enbart ser till föräldrarnas roll. Syfte Syftet med studien var att intervjua vietnamesiska föräldrar på Ho Chi Minh Children’s Hospital i Vietnam angående deras upplevda roll i behandlingen som deras barn med kongenital muskulär torticollis genomgår. Design Studien hade en kvalitativ explorativ forskningsdesign med 8 semistrukturerade intervjuer. I analysprocessen användes en kvalitativ induktiv innehållsanalys. Resultat Resultatet delades in i 4 kategorier och 14 subkategorier. Resultatet visade att det fanns en vilja från deltagarnas sida att vara involverad i den fysioterapeutiska behandlingen men det fanns också ett behov och en önskan av att få en ökad kunskap. Konklusion Alla deltagarna såg sig själva som en viktig del i behandlingen och ville vara involverade. Trots viljan att vara delaktig så finns det ett behov av ökat stöd från sjukhuset.

This dissertation used an experience sampling design to examine effects of experienced workplace incivility from three categories of organizational insiders (coworkers, supervisors, and physicians) and from organizational outsiders (patients and their visitors) on targets' emotions, burnout, physical symptoms, and their own uncivil behaviors toward each of the four groups of people. Data were collected from 75 nurses with each nurse responding to online surveys twice per week for 5 consecutive weeks. Results from hierarchical linear modeling showed that within individuals, negative emotions were positively associated with experienced workplace incivility (overall and source-specific), burnout was positively associated with overall workplace incivility and incivility from coworkers, and that physical symptoms were positively associated with experienced workplace incivility from supervisors. In addition, within individuals overall and source-specific experienced workplace incivility all positively predicted targets' own uncivil behaviors correspondingly. None of the proposed moderating effects of three between-person level personality traits (emotional stability, hostile attribution bias, and emotional competence) were supported, and the only significant moderating effect found was that emotional stability moderated the relationship between experienced workplace incivility from- and targets' own uncivil behaviors toward- supervisors was opposite to the prediction. Further, both violence prevention climate and civility climate showed main effects in negatively predicting participants' own uncivil behaviors, but only violence prevention and two of its dimensions (policies and procedures, and pressure for unsafe practices) buffered some of the negative effects of experienced workplace incivility. In summary, the current study found that within individuals experienced workplace incivility had negative effects on targets' emotions, well-being, and behaviors, and that perceived violence prevention climate buffered some of the negative effects.

This research explores how experienced nurses perceive their role as clinical teachers in an environment that is challenged not only with on-going changes in healthcare delivery, but also by the expectation that it will continue to provide positive clinical learning opportunities for undergraduate student nurses. Schools of nursing in Australia have undergone rapid and far-reaching change as a consequence of the legislated transfer of nursing eduction to the tertiary sector. Expectations that nurse academics will possess higher degrees and be actively involved in research mean that faculty members have less time to be directly involved in their students’ learning during clinical practice placements. The literature indicates that the responsibility for moment to moment teaching and learning thus appears to have been implicitly given to clinical staff who may not possess any formal qualifications for teaching, yet are largely responsible for students’ learning through clinical placements. Indeed some clinicians report a worrying lack of knowledge of clinical supervision models giving cause for further concern about the nature of the clinical learning environment. Schools of nursing expect that clinical practica will provide opportunities for students to learn how to be a nurse through guided questioning, analysis and critical thinking. It is evident that in some settings, this represents an ideal situation and not the reality. Critical reflection on these issues has informed the purpose of this research and helped to shape the following questions that focus the conduct of the study: Research Question One. How do experienced nurses create positive clinical learning environments for student nurses? Research Question Two. How do experienced nurses resolve the often-contradictory demands of nursing students and those of the practice setting? Research Question Three. How do changes in the healthcare environment impact on the experienced nurse's role as a clinical teacher? The theoretical framework for this study was underpinned by the interpretive philosophies of hermeneutic phenomenology and symbolic interactionism, because they acknowledge the personal experiences and meanings of the participants. A case study approach was utilised because it acknowledges the given context of the participants. Data were collected from six experienced nurses through a series of semi-structured interviews, informal interviews and periods of participant observation supported by field notes and the researcher’s diary. Participants identified that their perception of their role as clinical teachers was constructed of three intersecting roles: that of facilitator of learning, assessor and socialiser. This study concludes that several factors influence these nurses’ perception of their role as clinical teachers. In particular, the positivist work culture of the clinical setting and nurses’ own past experiences and world view of nursing combine to shape these nurses’ perception of their role as clinical teachers. The research concludes that the expectations that students will be supported in their endeavours to be critically thinking, problem solving and reflective practitioners may, in fact, be unrealistic in the current, economically constrained, clinical environment. It is evident that experienced nurses, despite being willing to be involved with clinical teaching, have to function in rapidly changing environments that do not always offer opportunities for nurses to reflect on their practice. However, the creation of positive clinical learning environments in these circumstances requires an increased understanding and appreciation by both schools of nursing and their students of the impact of change on these nurses and their clinical environment. This appreciation may result in more effective collaboration between nursing education and nursing service to assist student nurses to learn not merely through repetitive practice and busywork, but also through opportunities to observe, question and understand their nursing practice.

本研究旨在探討幼兒園品質與幼兒課程經驗之關係。在幼兒園品質衡量的部分採用兩份量表「幼兒學習環境評量表修訂版中文本」(ECERS-R)、「幼兒園品質量表」，在課程經驗的部分使用自編之「幼兒課程經驗觀察表」進行結構式觀察，觀察對象為台北縣市六間幼托園所中各一班大班班級，每班各六位幼兒，共36位。幼兒園品質之觀察時間為每間園所一到兩次，每次兩小時，共12次，並於觀察結束後與園所進行訪談，而幼兒課程經驗之觀察時間為上午九點到下午四點，每次觀察同一個班級中的兩位幼兒，共18天。 本研究結論如下: 壹、幼兒園品質層面：一、幼兒園品質以中等居多；二、ECERS-R與幼兒園品質量表各有優缺點，可互相輔助使用。 貳、幼兒課程經驗層面：一、活動內容，「生活層面」占幼兒一天中大部分時間。「學習層面」中顯示活動種類繁多，且活動進行時間短；占最高比例之學習活動為英語，另外有發現幼小銜接課程提早從中班開始，課程內容以國字讀寫與注音為主；在下午時間仍有安排教師主導之團體學科活動，與公幼下午課程安排的情形不同；二、活動主導者，各層面皆以教師為活動主導者，其中自然科學的部份是由幼兒為主導，推測與教師自然科學之專業知能有關；三、共同參與者，「學習層面」與「生活層面」較常以團體方式進行；「轉銜時間」之共同參與者為同儕占最高比例，與公幼中參與者為教師與同儕的研究結果不同。 參、幼兒園品質與幼兒課程經驗層面: 不同品質園所之幼兒課程經驗有差異，須深入觀察分析才能發現。 一、活動內容:高低品質園所間，在各活動層面之時間分配比例相差不大，但仔細比較活動項目發現，「學習層面」中高品質園所中較多非結構、幼兒自由選擇的課程活動，而低品質園所中則較多結構性由教師主導的活動。「生活層面」中低品質園所較高品質園所花更多時間在整理方面。「轉銜活動」低品質園所中等待時間為高品質園所的兩倍。 二、活動主導者:不論品質高低，「學習層面」與「生活層面」皆以教師為活動主導者，但仔細比較活動項目發現，「學習層面」中的美術活動，在高品質園所中是由幼兒為活動主導者，而在低品質園所中則是由教師為活動主導者。「轉銜活動」在高品質園所中，以教師、幼兒為活動主導者，而在低品質園所中轉銜活動皆以教師為活動主導者。 三、共同參與者:不論品質高低，「學習層面」與「生活層面」以同儕與教師為共同參與者，但仔細比較活動項目發現，「學習層面」高品質園所有較多同儕共同參與的活動，低品質園所則較多獨自進行的活動；「生活層面」與「轉銜活動」也發現高品質園所中有許多同儕互動的機會，而低品質園所中則較常獨自進行各種活動。 最後，研究者根據結論，對幼兒園園所與教師之實務面與後續研究提出具體建議，以期對未來幼教發展有所助益。 / The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between program quality and children’s experienced curriculum in kindergartens. This research uses “Chinese version of Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale-Revised Edition “(ECERS-R) and “Early Education Program Quality Evaluation Scale (EEPES)” to evaluate the quality of the program in kindergartens. The research also uses “Children’s experienced curriculum record” to do the structural observation on children’s experienced curriculum. The objects of observation are thirty-six of five years old kindergarteners who were chose from six kindergartens located in Taipei city and Taipei County. Researcher observed each program once or twice, every section is two hours, and interviewed teachers after the observations. Total is twelve sections. The time to observed children’s experienced curriculum is from nine o’clock in the morning to four o’clock in the afternoon, and observed two children in the same class each time. Total is eighteen days. The conclusion is as following： 1. In aspect of program quality: (A) the program quality of the evaluated six samples(kindergartens) is medium, (B) EEPES is more discriminative than ECERS, while ECERS offers a more detailed description of program quality, especially at process quality. It is concluded that they are complementary in evaluating and improving program quality. 2. In aspect of children’s experienced curriculum :(A)curriculum，daily routine occupies most of children’s time during a day. There are many kinds of Learning activities but the period of the activities is short. The most of the Learning activities is English. In addition, the study found that the content of school readiness is read and write, and it’s not appropriate to begin from preschool. The curriculum in the afternoon of the six samples(kindergartens) is different from the public centers’. The learning activities at afternoon of the six samples(kindergartens) are led by the teachers. (B)The main leader of daily routine ,Learning activity and transition time are the teachers.(C)The co-participants of Learning activity and daily routine are also teachers and peers. But the co-participants of transition time is peers. That is different from the public centers’(teachers and peers). 3. In aspect of both program quality and children’s experienced curriculum：We can find out there is difference in children’s experienced curriculum between kindergartens with different program quality if we observe carefully. (A) Curriculum：The time distributed for each activity domain is almost the same in kindergartens with different program quality. Learning activity：High-quality kindergartens have more non-structure activities and activities of children’s free choice. Low-quality kindergartens have more structure and teacher-directed activities. Daily routine：Low-quality kindergartens spend more time in arrange than high-quality kindergartens. Transition time：The empty duration is twice as much low-quality kindergartens as high-quality kindergartens. (B) The leader of activity：Despite of the quality, both learning activity and daily routine are teacher-directed activities. But we can see the difference by advanced observation. Learning activity：The leader of artistic activity in high-quality kindergartens is child, but the leader is teacher in low-quality kindergartens. Transition time：Both teachers and children are the leaders in high-quality kindergartens, but teachers are the leaders in low-quality kindergartens. (C) The co-participants：Despite of the quality, the co-participants are peers and teachers in learning activity and daily routine. But we can see the difference by advanced observation. They have more opportunity to interactive with peers and teachers in high-quality kindergartens than low-quality kindergartens. Finally, based on the results, this study proposes some suggestions for kindergartens, administrations, teachers and researchers.

<p>This report describes an investigation of the indoor climate in two different workspaces. Since we a big part of our lives are staying indoors in artificial environments, and more particularly in our workplaces, we think it would be interesting to do this investigation.</p><p> </p><p>The technical solutions for air treatment systems began with simple natural systems without fans and where the thermal rise of the air applied. In modern time is technical air treating systems used to take care of the fresh air supply. This type of units can supply filtered air with the right temperature to the building.</p><p> </p><p>Well-functioning ventilation is essential to bring clean fresh air to the room and effectively remove impurities without sound- or draught problems. The indoor climate is relevant for the output capacity. Ability to work is influenced by a few degrees difference. Even the mental capacity is affected by this. Indoor climate with good comfort create the conditions for effective activities.</p><p> </p><p>People experience current indoor climate in various ways. In a workplace, some find it too warm while others complain that it is too cold. While odors from perfumes and pollutants may be perceived as very disturbing for example, allergies and children, while others are not affected at all.</p><p> </p><p>The office in City Hall is located on the 4th floor of the central Västerås. Surroundings consist of a large city park, a big car park and the city center. The second office is in a big one floored building, about 10 kilometers outside the city, with close links to a heavily busy road and a large parking place.</p><p> </p><p>At the sampling and measurement of the different spaces we used three different instruments. A sound meter, a carbon dioxide meter and a comfort meter which measures, operating temperature, humidity and air velocity. All measurements were made during an hour interval with at least one person in the room. We first measured the noise level and concentrations of carbon dioxide in the room, and after that we started comfort meter and collected the questionnaire responses.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>The result from all measurements is consistent with the questionnaire responses. In the office space that are perceived as dry, cold or warm we measured almost the same results. The experience of a space feels dry line with reality. When cold outdoor air is heated to around 19 degrees it becomes dry, which is normal for the cold seasons.</p>

This report describes an investigation of the indoor climate in two different workspaces. Since we a big part of our lives are staying indoors in artificial environments, and more particularly in our workplaces, we think it would be interesting to do this investigation.   The technical solutions for air treatment systems began with simple natural systems without fans and where the thermal rise of the air applied. In modern time is technical air treating systems used to take care of the fresh air supply. This type of units can supply filtered air with the right temperature to the building.   Well-functioning ventilation is essential to bring clean fresh air to the room and effectively remove impurities without sound- or draught problems. The indoor climate is relevant for the output capacity. Ability to work is influenced by a few degrees difference. Even the mental capacity is affected by this. Indoor climate with good comfort create the conditions for effective activities.   People experience current indoor climate in various ways. In a workplace, some find it too warm while others complain that it is too cold. While odors from perfumes and pollutants may be perceived as very disturbing for example, allergies and children, while others are not affected at all.   The office in City Hall is located on the 4th floor of the central Västerås. Surroundings consist of a large city park, a big car park and the city center. The second office is in a big one floored building, about 10 kilometers outside the city, with close links to a heavily busy road and a large parking place.   At the sampling and measurement of the different spaces we used three different instruments. A sound meter, a carbon dioxide meter and a comfort meter which measures, operating temperature, humidity and air velocity. All measurements were made during an hour interval with at least one person in the room. We first measured the noise level and concentrations of carbon dioxide in the room, and after that we started comfort meter and collected the questionnaire responses.     The result from all measurements is consistent with the questionnaire responses. In the office space that are perceived as dry, cold or warm we measured almost the same results. The experience of a space feels dry line with reality. When cold outdoor air is heated to around 19 degrees it becomes dry, which is normal for the cold seasons.

This study is based on an interest in trying to understand what is needed to ensure that students actually learn in a learning object, in this study equations. Algebra is an area of mathematics in several studies proved to be a stumbling block for many students. Using letters in mathematis is difficult for most students according to research reports and it is also consistent with my own experince as a teacher. The purpose of this study was to seek answers to what in the lesson content and also during the interview that allowed the students to learn more about the learning object. Based on students' prior knowledge and the difficulties students might have with the learning object and the offer of learning, I try to get an answer to what might have contribut the students to developed knowledge of the learning object. This qualitative study is based on a variation theory perspective. The two students who participated in the study attended the same class in high school. By using the theory of variation patterns, it made it possible for me to describe how students learn new things about the learning object, equations. To gain insight into how the students solved the data and developed new knowledge, I had the lesson content and their statements in the interviews to help me understand the difficulties in solving the equtionatask and what in the lessons that have contributed to new knowledge. The results show that pupils' understanding and difficulties in learning objects are relevant to how they can perceive, discern and assimilate new knowledge. One student was able to experience learning from their prior knowledge and assimilate what he had to develop in the variety in the offer of learning. The offered learning did not give the second student the same opportunity. The results indicates that the knowledge of students' prior knowledge, the difficulties the learning object can create and students' own narrative, I argue on the basis of the study'sresults, it is important knowledge for every teacher to be aware of befor the presentation of the lesson if it will give every student opportunities to learn.

Sömn och  förmågan att minnas persoliga händelser är en fundamental funktion i vårt liv och har en betydande roll för vårt välbefinnande. Denna studie ämnade undersöka om det föreligger något samband mellan insomnibesvär och minnet för personliga händelser under kontroll för variabler såsom emotioner och ålder. Vidare undersöktes relationen mellan sömnrelaterad oro och minnet för personliga händelser. Datainsamlingen bygger på en enkätundersökning riktad till en studentpopulation där urvalet utgjordes av 314 deltagare. Resultaten indikerar att det fanns ett signifikant samband mellan insomnibesvär och minnet för personliga händelser efter kontroll för emotioner och ålder. Ett signifikant samband påvisades även mellan sömnrelaterad oro och minnet för personliga händelser. I diskussionen belyses minnet för personliga händelser som en möjlig faktor som kan vidmakthålla insomnibesvär. / Sleep and our ability to remember personally experienced events is a fundamental function in our lives and plays an important role in our wellbeing. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between insomnia symptoms and memory for personally experienced events, while controlling for the effects of variables such as emotions and age. We also investigated the relationship between sleeprelated worry and memory for personally experienced events. Data was collected through a survey, which was conducted in a student population of 314 respondents. Results indicate that there was a significant correlation between insomnia symtpoms and memory for personally experienced events after controlling for emotions and age. Significant correlations were also found between sleeprelated worry and memory for personally experienced events. The role of memory for personally experienced events as a possible factor for maintaining insomnia symptoms is discussed further.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether progress indicators' various degrees of feedback have any impact on the users' subjective experienced time and satisfaction during loading sequences in smartphones. By executing a user test 30 participants used and evaluated three mobile applications, containing unique stimuli in the form of progress indicators. Throughout this we have been informed of the participants self-reflection experience through subsequent interviews. The result of this shows a clear correlation between progress indicators' degree of feedback and their impact on the subjective experienced time, and the degree of satisfaction. We made interesting findings in terms of the fastest perceived loading sequence was not alwaysthe most satisfying, but we can only discuss the reason behind this since further researchis required. Finally, we conclude that the development of applications should make useof progress indicators with a high degree of feedback since they positively promotes the subjective experienced time and satisfaction. Because of studies with this focus in UXare infrequent, we assume that this study can form the basis for further and deeper research in the subject. / Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om laddningsindikatorers olika grad av återkoppling har någon inverkan på användares subjektiva tidsuppfattning och tillfredsställelse vid laddningssekvenser i smartphones. Genom att i ett användartest låta 30 deltagare använda och utvärdera tre mobilapplikationer, försedda med unika stimuli i form av laddningsindikatorer, har vi fått ta del av deltagarnas självreflektiva upplevelse genom efterföljande intervjuer. Resultatet av detta visar på ett tydligt samband mellan laddningsindikatorers grad av återkoppling och dess påverkan på den subjektiva tidsuppfattningen, samt graden av tillfredsställelse. Vi gjorde intressanta fynd i form av att den snabbast upplevda laddningssekvensen inte alltid var den mest tillfredsställande, men orsaken kan vi endast diskutera kring då vidare forskning krävs. Slutligen drar vi slutsatsen att man vid utveckling av applikationer bör använda sig av laddningsindikatorer med hög grad av återkoppling, då de positivt främjar den subjektiva tidsuppfattningen samt tillfredsställelsen. Då forskning med detta fokus inom UX är sällan förekommande ser vi att denna studie kan ligga till grund för vidare och djupare forskning inom ämnet.