In this manuscript there a new method that possesses an element of early development of children is introduced. In this case the “game”, that learn pupils of primary school to perform the laboratory work, is suggested. The primary school students are acquainted with the aim of experiments, the order of their performing and the results description. There have performed several examinations of the after performing the laboratory work. Thus, the good development results were achieved. Primary science education in Lithuania is compared with primary education in Sweden.

Magistro darbe nagrinėjamos literatūros formos ir strategija Oulipo grupės („Potencialios literatūros dirbtuvės“ – literatūrinis judėjimas, susiformavęs Prancūzijoje septintajame dešimtmetyje) kūryboje ir lietuvių autorių tekstuose. Į eksperimentą darbe žvelgiama iš rašytojo pozicijos, kaip į sąmoningą skirtingų literatūros elementų jungimą ir suvaržymų taikymą, rezultate gaunant naujas literatūros formas ir struktūras. Tiriamosios medžiagos pagrindas – Oulipo grupės literatūrines sampratas plėtojantys teoriniai straipsniai ir praktinis tradicinių bei naujų metodų taikymas literatūrai. Lietuvių literatūros eksperimentus pristato šie kūriniai: poeto P. Morkūno (1900-1941) poezijos rinkinys „Dainuoja degeneratas: dadaistiški imažinistiniai eilėraščiai“ (1993), J. Meko (g. 1922) dienoraštis „Žmogus be vietos. Nervuoti dienoraščiai“ (2000) ir V. Klimašausko (g. 1977) romanas „Alfavilnius, arba Keisti Arnoldo Sputniko nuotykiai“ (2008). Magistro darbe įgyvendinti tokie tikslai: pristatytos kalbiniais suvaržymais paremtos literatūros formos (lipograma, palindromas, totograma, taip pat transformacijos metodas S+7 ir kt.). Išryškinti žanriniai ir struktūriniai eksperimentai I. Calvino, R. Queneau ir J. Meko konkrečiuose kūriniuose. Pasitelkiant R. Queneau ir V. Klimašausko tekstus, aptartos tradicinės knygos transformacijos galimybės ir jų reikšmė kūrinių prasmei. Apibendrinant Oulipo grupės ir lietuvių autorių literatūros eksperimentus, prieinama prie išvados, jog eksperimentas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The analysis of Lithuanian authors performances and the Oulipo experimental works with literary forms and strategies disclosed that the experiment is perceived as the conscious conjunction of literary elements and accommodation of constraints. As a result there is the emergence of new forms and structures. The main objectives of Master’s thesis are these: to present literary forms which are based on constraints; to reveal literary experiments related to genre and structure in the texts of I. Calvino, R. Queneau and J. Mekas; and through the works of R. Queneau and V. Klimašauskas to review several options of “the ordinary book” transformation and these influence to the meaning of the work. Analysis of the Oulipo group and Lithuanian authors works leads to the conclusion that experiment is expressed in all fundamental areas of literature. The competence of literary science is essential for the author because – as before starting the experimental work author is able to choose from the largest number of experimental elements and consequently he receive a variety of results. / Après avoir analysé les formes et la stratégie des expériments littéraires dans les oeuvres d‘Oulipo et des textes des auteurs lituaniens, on peut souligner que l‘expériment est reflété comme la conjonction consciente des éléments littéraires et l‘accommodation des contraintes dont le résultat est l‘apparition de nouvelles formes et structures. La base des matériaux étudiés – les articles théoriques du groupe Oulipo et l‘adaptation pratique des méthodes traditionelles et modernes. Les exemples des expériments lituaniens sont présents dans les oeuvres suivants: „Dainuoja degeneratas: Dadaistiški imažinistiniai eilėraščiai“ (P. Morkūnas), „Žmogus be vietos: Nervuoti dienoraščiai“ (J. Mekas), „Alfavilnius, arba Keisti Arnoldo Sputniko nuotykiai“ (V. Klimašauskas). Le but de ce mémoire est multifonctionnel: montrer les formes littéraires qui s‘accommodent aux contraintes particulières (lipogramme, palindrome, tautogramme, la méthode S+7 etc.), révéler des expériments liés aux genres et structures dans les textes d‘I. Calvino, R. Queneau et J. Mekas. Grâce aux ouvrages de R. Queneau et V. Klimašauskas, on a examiné quelques possibilités de transformation du livre et leur importance au sens de l‘oeuvre. Finalement, la revue des expériments d‘Oulipo et des auteurs lituaniens se dirige vers une conclusion espérée qu‘un expériment s‘exprime dans la littérature et toutes ses domaines fondamentales. Avant de se mettre au travail expérimental, la compétence des sciences litéraires est... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Predators are a threat to many ground-nesting shorebirds, although it remains largely unknown how they interact with passive predator management techniques such as nest exclosures. I examined the effects of nest exclosures on incubating Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus melodus) and their predators on nesting beaches in Kouchibouguac and PEI National Parks. A combination of behavioural observations, video monitoring of nests and an artificial nest experiment was used to examine the effects of nest exclosures in this study system. The behaviour of Piping Plovers did not differ between exclosed and unexclosed nests, although different types of predators seemed to have an effect on plover nest attentiveness. Predators visited exclosed nests more often than unexclosed nests and spent more time in the vicinity of exclosed nests than unexclosed nests. Since increased adult mortality and nest abandonment have been documented at exclosed Piping Plover nests, as well as nests of other shorebirds, the results of this study provide evidence of a link between predator harassment and these negative effects.

No description available.

No description available.

Nous avons construit les schémas de niveaux des deux noyaux 187Ir et 233Pa obtenus par la désintégration d'isotopes de période courte. Au cours de cette étude nous avons utilisé des techniques de spectrométrie rapide gamma et béta avec divers types de spectromètres et des techniques récentes de spectrométrie de coïncidences en ligne avec des ordinateurs. Afin de pouvoir rechercher systématiquement les transitions de faible énergie et éventuellement de multipolarité élevée, nous avons été amenés à mettre au point différents spectrographes béta adaptés à l'étude d'isotopes de périodes courtes, l'un muni d'un sas près du réacteur BR2 de Mol, un autre auprès du séparateur en ligne d'ISOLDE au CERN, et un troisième en ligne avec le réacteur à haut flux Osiris de Saclay. Nous avons pu construire jusqu'à 1 MeV le schéma de niveaux de 233Pa. L'observation de quelques transitions de très basse énergie a permis de comprendre la structure des niveaux inférieurs du schéma. L'étude du couplage de Coriolis entre les trois bandes de rotation bâties sur les états de plus bas spin provenant du niveau i 13/2, et qui est assez fort pour inverser l'ordre de la bande 3/2, montre que le couplage avec les autres états a aussi un rôIe important. L'analyse de ce couplage procure des indications sur le couplage deltaN = ± 2 entre les états 1/2+(400) et 1/2+(660). L'étude du noyau de 187lr a permis l'extension à un noyau plus déformé de la connaissance des niveaux de basse énergie des iridium impairs et en particulier du couplage de Coriolis entre les bandes 3/2+(402) et 1/2+(400). D'autre part, un groupe de niveaux de parité négative reliés à un niveau 11/2 semble inexpliqué par le modèle de Nilsson. Cette particularité, observée aussi dans les isotopes de l'iridium plus proches de la stabilité, semble due à une plus grande déformabilité du noyau qui changerait de forme dans ces états. Ces noyaux sont proches d'une région de transition de phase, illustrée dans le cas des isotopes pairs-pairs du platine par le passage entre A = 184 et A = 186 d'une déformation quadrupolaire positive à une déformation négative. La différence essentielle avec les autres isotopes impairs connus de l'iridium est qu'il existe un plus grand nombre de niveaux de parité négative. Un niveau 9/2-, mis en évidence par des transitions E3 et M2 + E3 en provenant, semble pouvoir être expliqué comme un état de quasi-particule. Dans le cas du noyau de 233Pa, le potentiel moyen semble bien défini; dans celui du noyau de 187Ir, le potentiel moyen est vraisemblablement instable, ce qui souligne la proximité d'une zone de transition de phase. Cette étude a permis d'élaborer les schémas de niveaux de deux noyaux de déformation moyenne situés dans des régions où d'importants mélanges de configuration doivent être pris en considération. Moyennant ces couplages, la plupart des niveaux semblent pouvoir être expliqués en termes de modèle à quasi-particule indépendante. Les données actuelles ont permis de traiter dans les deux noyaux des problèmes de couplage de Coriolis et d'aborder celui du couplage deltaN = ± 2 dans le 233Pa. Il faudrait, pour pouvoir traiter plus complètement ce dernier couplage, disposer d'un plus grand nombre de paramètres dont certains pourraient peut-être être fournis par des résultats de réactions nucléaires.

This project examines the term autopoiesis and contextualizes it into the realm of Landscape Architecture. Autopoiesis is defined as self-generating, self-producing, self-maintaining organization, used to describe the resilience of a living system. This practicum presents autopoiesis as a process condition that describes incidences of phenomena and the resulting emergent behaviors. Through illustration, photography, simulation and experimental studies, an understanding of autopoiesis through visual representations was attained. This practicum creates a space that uses the dynamics of autopoiesis to both inform and form the design of an urban condition. Located along the coast of Incheon, South Korea, a 1.6km2 site of reclaimed tidal-flat land was investigated. Autopoiesis was understood through phenomena and emergent behaviors that resulted by integrating the fluctuating tidal system into the creation, realization and functioning of the site. The intention of this project is to articulate the notions of autopoiesis through the design of a flexible condition that responds, reacts and engages with contingencies and disturbances, allowing these types relationships to become integral component to the overall development and functioning of the designed site.

Corporations follow different strategies to leverage their existing brands. One of these is brand extension, which is the extension of an existing brand to a new product category. In this strategy, corporations have two alternatives, one of which is the family brand extension. Here, the new product is introduced under the corporate name along with the extension’s category name (e.g. Sony mobile, Nestlé mineral water, and Gillette shampoo). The second alternative is the brand endorsement. In this alternative, the extension is given a new name. Moreover, the corporation’s name is presented as the endorser in the extension brand structure and communications (e.g. Scandic by Hiliton, Courtyard by Marriott). However, the focus will be on the extension brand name, rather than the corporate name. The endorser’s main role is to provide credibility and substance to the endorsed brand, while maintaining the endorsed brand’s freedom to establish its unique associations and personality. It is well-known that, in the family brand extension, the perceived fit between the parent brand and the extension product category moderates consumers’ judgement of the extension (i.e. the new product which is introduced under the parent name). However, widely-diversified corporations (e.g. Nestlé, Unilever) often endorse their products to leverage their corporate credibility. The proliferation of using a corporate name to endorse products in the case of corporations with diversified product portfolios puts the importance of the fit on the corporate endorser, and the endorsed product brand under scrutiny. Specifically, it raises the following questions: to what extent is the perceived fit between the corporate brand endorser and the endorsed brand really important in an endorsement context? What is the relative importance of fit and endorser credibility in an endorsement context, and why? In the current research, it is proposed that both corporate credibility and fit affect consumers’ judgement in an endorsement context. However, the endorser credibility is more important. It is also proposed that corporate credibility is more important than fit because it is more diagnostic, which makes the endorser credibility more recallable for the consumer. The current research results have shown that, when consumers can easily recall information related to the endorser credibility and the fit between the endorser and the endorsed brand, both endorser credibility and fit has an effect on the endorsed brand. However, endorser credibility has a stronger effect on the endorsed brand judgement than fit. Moreover, the results have shown that fit moderates the effect of corporate credibility only when the endorser credibility is high. When consumers have difficulty recalling information, fit does not moderate the effect of the endorser credibility on the endorsed brand. The current research findings have been obtained by conducting two experiments. In Experiment One, corporate credibility and perceived fit were manipulated in an endorsement context. Consumer judgement of the endorsed brand was measured by the perceived quality and purchase intention. Experiment Two was conducted to study the impact of the information accessibility on the effect of the endorser credibility and fit on the endorsed brand judgement. Endorser credibility, fit and information accessibility were manipulated in an endorsement context. Perceived quality and purchase intention of the endorsed brand were also used to measure the consumers’ judgement of the endorsed brand.

We examine in an experiment the causes, consequences and possible cures of myopic loss aversion (MLA) for investment behaviour under risk. We find that both, investment horizons and feedback frequency contribute almost equally to the effects of MLA. Longer investment horizons and less frequent feedback lead to higher investments. However, when given the choice, subjects prefer on average shorter investment horizons and more frequent feedback. Exploiting the status quo bias by setting a long investment horizon or low feedback frequency as a default turns out to be a successful behavioural intervention that increases investment levels. (author´s abstract) / Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series

Hawaii’s pristine ocean and tropical environment is a keystone of Hawaii tourism and the state economy. Water pollution from stormwater and development threatens the beach quality to both residents and tourists. In order to understand the lost nonmarket value, we assess changes in quality of beach characteristics including water and sand quality, swimming safety conditions, and congestion using a Discrete Choice Experiment of recreational beach users. Further, we study willingness to pay (WTP) for water management strategies in Hawaii using another discrete choice experiment, including structural and nonstructural Best Management Practices, testing, monitoring, and educational efforts. Using a mixed logit model, beach quality results suggest similar preferences among resident and tourists. Both groups consistently have higher WTP to avoid poor quality levels versus obtaining excellent levels. Additionally, water quality is the single most important attribute. For the policy discrete choice experiment, both parties exhibit similar ranking of WTP to initiate water quality management strategies, with improved testing methods followed by education having the highest WTP. Lastly, we use Benefit-Cost analysis to find that all significant management strategies may be viable, since WTP is greater than the predicted cost of implementation based on expert opinion of Hawaiian policy leaders.