The aim of the work is to map the experience of employees who during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic found themselves compulsorily and at the same time for the first time at the home office, for at least 3 weeks. Differences in experience between men and women and personality dimensions of extraversion are also monitored. The first part of the thesis deals with the theoretical description of classical work from home, the basic concepts are introduced and various psychological aspects are discussed. The second part traces the time of the first wave of the pandemic in the Czech Republic, characterizes the Czech Republic's approach to home office and similarly discusses the experience of people in a mandatory HO in various aspects. The type of work is a mixed research. Data collection was performed with the help of a self- created questionnaire, which also contains two scales from the DOPEN questionnaire: extraversion and L-scale. The aim of the work was achieved in two ways. Qualitative analysis of written answers was performed using the method of grounded theory. In the quantitative analysis of the data, the Mann-Whitney U test method was used to compare overall satisfaction at mandatory HO by gender and Spearman's correlation coefficient to monitor the relationship between variables such as...

Specifically, using a sample of 2,848 couples from the RELATE dataset, a model was tested examining the direct associations between personality factors (neuroticism, agreeableness, and extraversion) and relationship satisfaction in romantic couple relationships. The results indicated that lower levels of neuroticism, higher levels of agreeableness, and lower levels of extraversion were associated with greater relationship satisfaction. In particular, ratings of agreeableness had the strongest associations with satisfaction for males and females, while neuroticism had the next strongest associations, followed by extraversion. Paths between male variables and female variables and satisfaction were not significantly different; however, slight gender differences were present among factor loadings of variables as well as coefficient values of all paths. Additionally, differences in actor and partner effects were evident. Actor effects were present for each of the personality factors, except for male extraversion; partner effects were present for all of the personality factors.

Signal detection theory (SDT) provides a theoretical framework for describing performance on decision making tasks, and fuzzy signal detection theory (FSDT) extends this description to include tasks in which there are levels of uncertainty regarding the categorization of stimulus events. Specifically, FSDT can be used to quantify the degree to which an event is 'signal-like', i.e., the degree to which a stimulus event can be characterized by both signal and non-signal properties. For instance, an improvised explosive device (IED) poses little threat when missing key elements of its assembly (a stimulus of low, but not zero, signal strength) whereas the threat is greater when all elements necessary to ignite the device are present (a stimulus of high signal strength). This research develops a link between key individual cognitive (i.e., spatial orientation and visualization) and personality (i.e., extroversion, conscientiousness, and neuroticism) differences among observers to performance on a fuzzy signal detection task, in which the items to be detected (IEDs) are presented in various states of assembly. That is, this research relates individual difference measures to task performance, uses FSDT in target detection, and provides application of the theory to vigilance tasks. In two experiments, participants viewed pictures of IEDs, not all of which are assembled or include key components, and categorize them using a fuzzy rating scale (no threat, low threat potential, moderate threat potential, or definite threat). In both experiments, there were significant interactions between the stimulus threat level category and the variability of images within each category. The results of the first experiment indicated that spatial and mechanical ability were stronger predictors of performance when the signal was ambiguous than when individuals viewed stimuli in which the signal was fully absent or fully present (and, thus, less ambiguous). The second study showed that the length of time a stimulus is viewed is greatest when the signal strength is low and there is ambiguity regarding the threat level of the stimulus. In addition, response times were substantially longer in study 2 than in study 1, although patterns of performance accuracy, as measured by the sensitivity index d', were similar across the two experiments. Together, the experiments indicate that individuals take longer to evaluate a potential threat as less critical, than to identify either an absence of threat or a high degree of threat and that spatial and mechanical ability assist decision making when the threat level is unclear. These results can be used to increase the efficiency of employees working in threat-detection positions, such as luggage screeners, provides an exemplar of use of FSDT, and contributes to the understanding of human decision making.

Social withdrawal is often associated with a number of indices of adjustment and maladjustment, but little research exists that attempts to uncover potential protective factors. This study longitudinally examined the moderating role of parent extraversion and parent warmth on the association between two types of social withdrawal (shyness and unsociability) and later indices of adjustment and maladjustment. Participants were 463 families from the flourishing families project. Results showed no longitudinal associations between social withdrawal and later indices of adjustment or maladjustment. However, when parent extraversion was added as a moderator, shyness was positively associated with prosocial behavior for those with introverted parents, and positively associated with shame for those with highly extraverted parents. Implications are discussed.

This study was based on The Big Five theoretical framework with focus on the extraversion factor, and its purpose was to assess how we value introverted and extraverted personality traits. A hypothesis was that ratings of extraversion-related adjectives would be higher than ratings of introversion-related adjectives. Another hypothesis was established to test if the ratings would differ between genders. The study included sixty-three participants (Age M = 23, SD = 3,6; 37 females; 26 males) who rated adjective words related to personality traits on the spectrum of introversion and extraversion on a Likert scale from one through seven. Results showed that extraversion related adjectives were rated higher than introversion adjectives and in terms of gender, males did not differ in their ratings of introversion and extraversion adjectives, however, females rated extraversion higher than introversion. In addition to considering personality adjectives as positive or negative, participants also answered the 20-Item Mini IPIP personality test, to explore whether our preference can be associated with our own personality. Results showed that the ratings of extraverted personality adjectives had a significant positive correlation with the extraversion factor in the IPIP, and the ratings for introverted adjectives showed a negative correlation, however it did not remain significant after a Bonferroni correction.

Bandura har postulerat fyra källor till akademisk self-efficacy vilka samtliga antas vara tämligen formbara. I tidigare studier har endast en viss del av variansen i akademisk self-efficacy kunnat förklaras genom dessa källor vilket föranleder fog till ytterligare forskning. Tidigare genomförda undersökningar som är indikerade att personlighet har ett samband med akademisk self-efficacy, men området är relativt bristfälligt studerat. Denna studie syftar till att studera Banduras föreslagna källor samt personlighet i enlighet med femfaktorteorins relation till akademisk self-efficacy. Studien utfördes genom en enkätundersökning, där 131 studenter besvarade frågor gällande Banduras föreslagna källor till akademisk self-efficacy, personlighet samt upplevd akademisk self-efficacy. Samtliga variabler i studien mättes med väletablerade instrument. En linjär multipel hierarkisk regressionsanalys utfördes och resultat bekräftar delvis Banduras teori. Dessutom påvisas att extraversion betydande predicerar akademisk self-efficacy. Således har teoribildning angående källor till self-efficacy utvecklats, vilket bland annat kan bidra till beslut om att inrikta fortsatt forskning inom området bör anta.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between personality and pain perception in healthy adults. Thirty participants completed the study. All participants were asked to scan a QR code and fill out a survey on their phones that included demographic questions and the Eysenck personality inventory (EPI). The demographics section included questions on age, sex, job activity level, and physical activity level. The researcher then evaluated their pressure pain threshold (PPT) using a handheld pressure algometer. The algometer was applied to the regions of the right paravertebral (PVM), quadratus lumborum (QL), and piriformis (PF) muscles perpendicular to the skin based on standardized palpation procedures. The participants were instructed to report when the sensation changed from “comfortable” to “mildly unpleasant pressure.” Results suggest that there was a positive correlation between PPT applied to the different muscles but there was no strong correlation found between the participants extraversion score and neuroticism score and their PPT at different muscles. This study aids in the understanding of the relationship between personality and pain sensitivity by providing a better view on which tools are the most beneficial in assessing personality and how it relates to pain in a clinical setting.

Det transformativa ledarskapet anses vara ett idealt ledarskap i dagens samhälle där egenskaper såsom lyhördhet och individuell motivering hos medarbetarna uppskattas hos många. Studier har tidigare gjorts avseende vilken personlighet ledare med olika ledarskapsattribut besitter, men färre studier har fokuserat på det önskade ledarskapet ur medarbetarnas perspektiv. Därför var syftet med denna studie att undersöka om det fanns ett samband mellan personlighetsegenskapen extraversion och önskat transformativt ledarskap hos medarbetarna på teminalanläggningarna inom ett medelstort svenskt rederi inom färjetrafiken. Datat samlades in genom en digital undersökningsenkät. Undersökningen sträckte sig över samtliga tre hamnterminaler där totalt 72 personer deltog. Resultatet visade att det inte fanns något signifikant samband mellan önskat transformativt ledarskap och extraversion inom de aktuella anläggningarna. Slutsatsen drogs att andra personlighetsdimensioner inte kan uteslutas som betydelse för att forma ett önskat ledarskapsbeteende, och att variablernas resultat separat trots avsaknaden av samband kan vara värdefullt för företagets verksamheter.

This research aims to investigate the role of employee's personality type (most specifically introversion/extraversion) in the service recovery process. Toe literature review suggests that introverts and extraverts exhibit unique traits. Toe researcher hypothesizes that those traits associated with most extraverts may inhibit their performance in the service recovery process. It is believed their consistent tendencies to talk in argumentative tones, ill attention span, and disregard direction can have damaging results on the recovery process. Based on the research objectives, a survey was designed and data was collected from a sample of approximately 140 students in an Introduction to hospitality management or Guest service management class from the Rosen College of Hospitality Management, at the University of Central Florida in Orlando, Florida. Toe participants who ranked in the extreme levels of introversion or extraversion responses were used. Their information was then analyzed using statistical programs and tested for main effects. Toe research findings suggest there is a relationship between personality and the service recovery process. Though two hypotheses were not supported by the data, the data analysis results supported the hypothesis that extraverts have a greater capability for empowerment. It is believed further investigation will reveal other human resource management issues for which personality will play a significant role in.

Recent studies have suggested a role of two polymorphisms of the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4 exon III and –521C/T) in the modulation of personality traits such as ‘novelty seeking’ or ‘extraversion’, which are supposed to be modulated by individual differences in dopaminergic function. However, several replication studies have not provided positive findings. The present study was performed to further investigate whether DRD4 exon III and –521C/T are associated with individual differences in personality. One hundred and fifteen healthy German volunteers completed the NEO-Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and were genotyped for the two DRD4 polymorphisms. We found no association between DRD4exon III and –521C/T, respectively, and estimated novelty seeking, NEO-FFI extraversion or other personality factors. Our findings are in line with several earlier studies which have failed to replicate the initial association results. Hence, our data do not provide evidence for a role of DRD4 exon III and the –521C/T polymorphism in the modulation of novelty seeking and extraversion. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.