This study investigated the perceived locus of causality of motivation in high school football players. The Sports Motivation Scale (SMS) was used to study seven motivation subscales (IM to know, IM to accomplish, IM stimulation, EM identified, EM introjected, EM external and Amotivation) with respect to motivation among high school football players. This indicated that IM to know, IM to accomplish, EM identified and EM introjected were the best predictors of the participants? perceived locus of causality of motivation. The results indicate that when using perceived locus of causality for motivation, position played could be predicted 62 percent of the time. The study also speculates on ways in which communication could be used to affect motivation.

Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of Psychology, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 17-18).

This diploma thesis deals with a second language learners´ motivation at primary schools, particularly its effects on English lessons. At the very beginning it describes the term motivation, all kinds of motivation we can meet with and features which it is composed from. The aim of thesis is to evaluate which types of motivation students find the most stimulating for studying second language, whether intrinsic or extrinsic motivation and its relation with the attitude which learners take towards the second language.

This study aims at exploring the motivation that drives tourists to townships. The theories that were chosen as the theoretical base of this study were the push and pull theory, the Travel Career Ladder, authenticity and the tourist gaze. Three research questions were asked around the theory base and a survey was done of 100 tourists in selected locations within Soweto. Results obtained from the respondents allowed for statistical analysis. The results indicated that the township tourists were intrinsically motivated and were driven by affiliation needs. Furthermore, the tourists that initially visited Soweto were motivated by authenticity; however, as the amount of tourism in the area grew, the tourist gaze became the more dominant form of motivation. The implications of the study findings are discussed. Copyright / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

Introduction: School-based occupational therapists aim to enable students to participate to their full potential. Participation impacts students’ socio-emotional well-being and academic achievement. Aim: This study explored elementary teachers’ perspectives on student participation where the teachers are part of a professional learning community working in a hub model and investigated how their perspectives align with occupational therapy models. Method: A qualitative research design utilizing thematic analysis and a deductive approach was chosen. Elementary school teachers completed an anonymous survey with open-ended questions. Findings: Three themes impacting student participation were identified: students' intrinsic factors, environmental/extrinsic factors, and teachers' skills and abilities enabling participation. Conclusions: In line with the Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance model and the family-Participation-Related-Constructs, teachers identified intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting participation. While focusing on structured activities, the importance of unstructured activities and social participation were missing. Teachers identified the Professional-Learning-Community and hub-model as having a potential to enable participation but requiring good collaboration and trust between teachers.  Significance: This study supports revisiting the Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance model to include Participation. Understanding teachers’ perspectives on participation promotes collaboration between occupational therapists and teachers. However, more research is needed to identify tools for measuring and evaluating students ‘occupational participation as well as gathering students’ perspectives.

Yes / This research highlights a contextual application for big data within a HR case study setting. This is achieved through the development of a normative conceptual model that seeks to envelop employee behaviors and attitudes in the context of organizational change readiness. This empirical application considers a data sample from a large public sector organization and through applying Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) identifies salary, job promotion, organizational loyalty and organizational identity influences on employee job satisfaction (suggesting and mediating employee readiness for organizational change). However in considering this specific context, the authors highlight how, where and why such a normative approach to employee factors may be limited and thus, proposes through a framework which brings together big data principles, implementation approaches and management commitment requirements can be applied and harnessed more effectively in order to assess employee attitudes and behaviors as part of wider HR predictive analytics (HRPA) approaches. The researchers conclude with a discussion on these research elements and a set of practical, conceptual and management implications of the findings along with recommendations for future research in the area.

Syfte och forskningsfrågor: Studiens syfte är att identifiera och jämföra män och kvinnors yttre och inre motivationsfaktorer vid följande av varumärken på sociala nätverk utifrån incitament, social kontext, intresse, underhållning, information samt känslomässigt nära. Studien ämnar även att tillföra kunskaper för ämnesområdet inom teoretiska och praktiska implikationer. Forskningsfrågan lyder därmed:   Vilka likheter och skillnader finns det mellan män och kvinnors yttre och inre motivationsfaktorer att följa varumärken på sociala nätverk?   Metod: Studien använder sig av en hypotetisk-deduktiv metod där forskaren via befintlig teori skapat studiens hypoteser. Hypoteserna har sedan testats genom en kvantitativ metod med hjälp av en webbenkät och ett Mann Whitney test. En analys och diskussion genomfördes därefter för att generera en slutsats för studien.   Slutsats: Resultatet från studien fann att det inte finns någon signifikant skillnad mellan män och kvinnors yttre motivation inom områdena incitament och social kontext att följa varumärken på sociala nätverk. Inom inre motivation fann dock studien både likheter och skillnader. Inom aspekterna intresse och underhållning fann studien ingen signifikant skillnad mellan män och kvinnors inre motivation till att följa varumärken på sociala nätverk. Däremot inom aspekterna information och känslomässigt nära fann studien att kvinnor visade en signifikant högre inre motivationsskillnad jämfört med män. Studiens praktiska implikationer fann att varumärken bör ta hänsyn till dessa genusskillnader vid inre motivation för att kunna anpassa innehållet efter deras målgrupp. De teoretiska implikationerna fann istället att incitament numera inte har någon signifikant skillnad mellan män och kvinnor, medan tidigare forskning visar på en större motivation från kvinnor. Dessutom fann studien samma resultat som tidigare forskning gällande att kvinnor motiveras mer känslomässigt av varumärken än män. / Purpose and research questions: The purpose of the study is to identify and compare men and women’s extrinsic and intrinsic motivation when following a brand on social networks by incentive, social context, interest, entertainment, information and relatedness. The study also intends to provide knowledge to the subject area within theoretical and practical implications. The research question therefore follows: • Which similarities and differences exists between men and women’s extrinsic and intrinsic motivation to follow a brand on social networks? Method: The study uses a hypothetical-deductive method where the researcher through existing theories creates the study’s hypotheses. The hypotheses have been tested through a quantitative method with a survey online and a Mann Whitney test. An analysis and discussion was then performed to generate a conclusion for the study. Conclusion: The result from the study found that there are no significant differences between men and women’s extrinsic motivation within the areas incentives and social context to follow brands on social networks. However, within the field intrinsic motivation the study found both similarities and differences between men’s and women’s motivation to follow brands on social networks. The study found no significant difference between men and women’s intrinsic motivation connected to interest and entertainment. However, within the aspects information and relatedness the study found that women showed a significant higher difference in intrinsic motivation compared to men. The practical implications of the study found that brands should take these gender differences into account in order to adapt the content to their target audience. Instead, the theoretical implications found that incentives now have no significant difference between men and women, while previous research shows a greater motivation from women. In addition, the study found similar results to previous research that women are more emotionally motivated by brands than men.

The research was undertaken to quantify the power of selected extrinsic (price and country of origin) and intrinsic cues (acid in chardonnay and fat in brie) on consumer evaluations of both experienced and expected product quality, and further, to measure the respective influences of objective knowledge, subjective knowledge and self-confidence on these quality assessments. The study also seeks to determine if a survey conducted measuring expectations of quality would yield comparable results with quality assessments based on actual product experience. The study was comprised of sensory experiments using full profile conjoint analysis experimental design to measure quality perception, followed by a survey where only product description profiles were provided. The analysis from both stages show findings that are remarkably similar in most respects. Results of the sensory experiment for chardonnay show both extrinsic cues tested to be more important than acid levels, while results for the survey show price maintained the strongest influence, with comparable expectations regarding the importance of country of origin and acid. For brie (both stages) consumer opinions were consistent; with price found the most influential; and while country of origin was considered relatively important, fat levels were more influential for both groups. Whilst for chardonnay (both stages) respondents held consistent beliefs regarding each acid level tested, for brie respondents experiencing the highest level of fat held an opposite view to respondents assessing quality based on their expected liking for this type of product. The influence of knowledge (objective and subjective) and self-confidence was found to be sporadic and weak, likely due to respondents’ general lack of objective knowledge in both stages of the survey. In the case of self-confidence, results are surprising given that respondents in both studies exhibited reasonably healthy degrees of self-confidence. The research provides important information to marketers seeking to exploit the most attractive aspects of their products and platform for a number of subsequent studies. / Thesis(PhD)-- School of Commerce, 2007

<p>En förutsättning för att få folk att delta i en friskvårdssatsning är att de är motiverade. En kvalitativ studie genomfördes med syfte att beskriva och förstå den yttre och inre motivationen hos kommunanställda som deltar i en friskvårdssatsning på vattengymnastik. Femton respondenter intervjuades utifrån en intervjuguide baserad på Deci och Ryans (1985) fyra faktorer (självbestämmande, kompetens, samhörighet och glädje) som ses som en förutsättning för att motivation skall uppstå. Resultatet visade att begreppen vanemöster, kompetens, samhörighet/social kontakt samt glädje/välbefinnande var centrala för att uppnå motivation att delta i vattengymnastik. Studien antyder att en arbetsplats kan skapa yttre förutsättningar för att de anställda ska ha möjligheten att hitta en passande motionsform. Den egentliga drivkraften finns dock inom individen själv.</p> / <p>A condition to get people to participate in an activity for preventive healthcare is that they have to be motivated for the activity. The present study was carried out in order to describe and understand the extrinsic and intrinsic motivation with employees at a local government who participate in aquarobics. Fifteen respondents were interviewed based on an interview guide built on Deci and Ryan´s (1985) four factors, self determination, competence, relatedness and happiness, as conditions to reach intrinsic motivation. The results propose that habit, competence, relatedness/social contact and happiness/well-being are central to reach a motivation for aquarobics. An employer is able to create conditions for the employees so that they have the opportunity to find a form of exercise that fit the individual. But the real driving force is inside the person itself.</p>

En förutsättning för att få folk att delta i en friskvårdssatsning är att de är motiverade. En kvalitativ studie genomfördes med syfte att beskriva och förstå den yttre och inre motivationen hos kommunanställda som deltar i en friskvårdssatsning på vattengymnastik. Femton respondenter intervjuades utifrån en intervjuguide baserad på Deci och Ryans (1985) fyra faktorer (självbestämmande, kompetens, samhörighet och glädje) som ses som en förutsättning för att motivation skall uppstå. Resultatet visade att begreppen vanemöster, kompetens, samhörighet/social kontakt samt glädje/välbefinnande var centrala för att uppnå motivation att delta i vattengymnastik. Studien antyder att en arbetsplats kan skapa yttre förutsättningar för att de anställda ska ha möjligheten att hitta en passande motionsform. Den egentliga drivkraften finns dock inom individen själv. / A condition to get people to participate in an activity for preventive healthcare is that they have to be motivated for the activity. The present study was carried out in order to describe and understand the extrinsic and intrinsic motivation with employees at a local government who participate in aquarobics. Fifteen respondents were interviewed based on an interview guide built on Deci and Ryan´s (1985) four factors, self determination, competence, relatedness and happiness, as conditions to reach intrinsic motivation. The results propose that habit, competence, relatedness/social contact and happiness/well-being are central to reach a motivation for aquarobics. An employer is able to create conditions for the employees so that they have the opportunity to find a form of exercise that fit the individual. But the real driving force is inside the person itself.