This study investigated the perceived locus of causality of motivation in high school football players. The Sports Motivation Scale (SMS) was used to study seven motivation subscales (IM to know, IM to accomplish, IM stimulation, EM identified, EM introjected, EM external and Amotivation) with respect to motivation among high school football players. This indicated that IM to know, IM to accomplish, EM identified and EM introjected were the best predictors of the participants? perceived locus of causality of motivation. The results indicate that when using perceived locus of causality for motivation, position played could be predicted 62 percent of the time. The study also speculates on ways in which communication could be used to affect motivation.

Denna kvalitativa motivationsstudie utfördes på åtta svenska toppsäljare och utgick i från Vallerands hierarkiska modell om inre och yttre motivation (1997) och även från Czikszentmihalyis teori om flow (1990). Syftet med studien var att ta reda på vilka motivationsfaktorer som förenar toppsäljare. Toppsäljarna intervjuades enskilt genom en semistrukturerad intervjuguide. En tematisk analys utfördes på utskrifterna från intervjuerna och analysen undersöktes utifrån tre huvudkategorier: inre motivation, yttre motivation, och flow. Resultatet visade att toppsäljarna hade en stark inre drivkraft att utvecklas, att nå egna mål och uppnå positiva känslotillstånd av själva utförandet. Den yttre motivationen skiljde sig mellan toppsäljarna, då vissa drevs mer av yttre stimuli såsom pengar och beröm än andra. Resultatet visade att toppsäljarnas drivs till största delen av inre motivationsfaktorer, då de var starkt framträdande hos samtliga. Det är därmed viktigt att skapa en arbetsmiljö- och situation som främjar säljarnas möjlighet att sätta egna mål och autonomi.

Introduction: Work motivation (intrinsic & extrinsic) and employee engagement is the hot issues for today’s management. Employee’s motivation has been in discussion for years, different compensation plans and strategies were adopted over years to make employees more productive. Recently, the introduction of employee engagement as a new construct to business, management, and human resource management fields make it an imperative to adopt in organizational settings. Many studies made indirect link between work motivation (intrinsic & extrinsic) and employee engagement. Moreover, motivational factors (intrinsic & extrinsic) are often considered a useful tool for employee engagement. But very few studies investigated the direct relationship between work motivation (intrinsic & extrinsic) and employee engagement. Purpose: This study explored the relationship between work motivation (Intrinsic & Extrinsic) and employee engagement. Moreover, the study also examined the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on employee engagement.   Methodology: In order to fulfill the research purpose, quantitative study was adopted. Questionnaires were designed using Google survey tool. 187 questionnaires were collected from employees of Allied Bank of Pakistan. Later on, SPSS was used to perform the required test of descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, bivariate correlation, ANOVA test and multiple regression analysis.   Findings: The results of SPSS revealed strong agreement of respondents to positive relationship between intrinsic motivation and employee engagement, and extrinsic motivation and employee engagement. Four intrinsic factors namely interesting work, job appreciation, satisfaction and stress, and four extrinsic factors namely job security, good wages, promotion & growth and recognition were considered important by respondents for engagement.   Conclusion: From the findings it is concluded that there is positive relationship between intrinsic motivation and employee engagement, and extrinsic motivation and employee engagement. Furthermore, it is also accomplished that both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation has strong positive impact on employee engagement. From the results it is also concluded that the relationship and impact of extrinsic motivation was stronger on employee engagement as compared to intrinsic motivation.      The study will enrich the current literature of work motivation and employee engagement. On practical level this study will not only help practitioners and consultants but also bank management will also be equipped with useful information regarding work motivation and employee engagement in organizational settings.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om studenters inre och yttre motivation skiljde sig åt beroende på vilken högskoleutbildning individen har valt. Tidigare studier har visat att det finns en skillnad mellan typer av motivationsnivåer hos studenter på olika högskoleutbildningar. I studien deltog 46 studenter vid ett svenskt universitet från Musikproduktionsprogrammet och 39 studenter vid samma universitet från Civilekonomprogrammet. Resultatet visade att Civilekonomstudenterna hade signifikanta skillnader mellan motivationstyperna. Majoriteten av civilekonomstudenter skattade högre värden i yttre motivation (EM) än i inre motivation (IM). Civilekonomstudenterna visade även högre värden i yttre motivation (EM) i jämförelse med Musikproduktionsstudenterna. Värden i IM och EM var jämt fördelade hos studenter från musikproduktionsprogrammet och Amotivationen visade sig vara låg hos samtliga studenter. Deltagarnas årkurs och kön var kovariater som kontrollerades i studien. Här sågs deltagarnas årkurs och kön ha signifikanta samband med studenternas nivåer av IM och EM. Utifrån resultatet dras slutsatsen att studenter från musikproduktionsprogrammet sannolikt drivs av både personligt intresse och externa belöningar medan majoriteten av civilekonomstudenter endast tycks motiveras av externa belöningar. / The aim of this study was to investigate whether student’s intrinsic motivation (IM) and extrinsic motivation (EM) differs depending on which university program the individual has chosen. Previous studies have shown that there is a difference between the level of motivation among different college students. 46 Swedish university students from the Music Production Program and 39 Swedish students at the same university from the Civil Econom Program participated in the study. The results showed that the Civil Economic students had significant differences between motivational types. The majority of Civil economic students estimated higher values in EM compared to IM. The Civil Economic students even showed higher values in EM compared to students from the Music Production program. The values in IM and EM were equally distributed within students from the Music Production program and the Amotivation proved to be low among all students. The grade and the gender of the participants were covariates that were controlled in the study. The participants grade and gender showed to have correlations that were significant with the students’ level of IM and EM. Conclusions from the results are that students from the Music Production program are likely to have goals based on personal interest and external rewards while the majority of civil Economic students only seems to be motivated by external rewards.

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This study addresses student attitudes about open badges (after having been required to earn badges as part of their course work or having earned them through the library) and their desire to earn additional optional badges offered across campus. Research has presented conflicting evidence about the potential effect of open badges on student motivation, usually studying students who have had no previous experience with open badges. However, research has also found that open badges are still largely new and unknown for many people, which may affect initial motivation to earn badges. For this reason, our study considered the potential impact that prior exposure to and earning of open badges could have on students' attitudes toward open badges. Our findings are that student motivation to earn additional badges is increased after prior exposure depending on the badge design, badge implementation, and student understanding of how open badges function. We found that students who earned badges through the library software training program had the highest motivation, followed by Ed Tech class students.

Lärande och motivation är nära sammankopplade, en motiverad elev tar till sig materialet bättre. Detta är ett område som utforskats under lång tid, men verktygen som tillämpas för att främja lärande har utvecklats och därmed finns nya motivationsfrämjande faktorer som kan utforskas. Idag finns det även digitala läroverktyg. Samspelet mellan teknologi, lärande och motivation är ett intressant och växande forskningsområde. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om det finns ett samband mellan upplevelse av gamification (eller tv-spels element som tillämpas inom en annan kontext än ren underhållning) i ett digitalt läroverktyg och användarnas motivation till språklärande. Följande forskningsfrågor har ställts: Finns det gruppskillnader i fråga om motivation mellan personer som är enspråkiga respektive flerspråkiga? Finns det gruppskillnader gällande motivation och åldersgrupper? Finns det ett samband mellan hur högt aktiviteten värderas och motivation kopplad till spelfunktioner? Motiveras personer som drivs av inre motivation av spelfunktioner? Hur beskriver deltagarna sina erfarenheter av gamification kopplat till motivation? Datainsamlingen genomfördes genom en enkät med kvantitativa samt kompletterande kvalitativa frågor. Urvalet bestod av 35 deltagare i åldern 15-42 år, varav 31,4% identifierade sig som män, 62,9% som kvinnor och 5,7% som annan. Dataanalysen skedde i SPSS och visade på en signifikant korrelation mellan aktivitetsvärdering och gamification samt gruppskillnad kopplad till flerspråkighet där gruppen för flerspråkiga uppvisade högre yttre motivation. Inga signifikanta gruppskillnader kopplat till ålder kunde identifieras. Deltagarna var generellt positivt inställda till gamification, men upplevde att liv-systemet motverkade lärandet eftersom användaren förlorar ”liv” när misstag begås och när liven tagit slut stoppas från att fortsätta genomföra lektioner under en viss tid. / Learning and motivation are closely linked; a motivated student will have an easier time learning the material. This is an area that has been researched for a long time, however the tools used to promote learning have evolved and therefore there are new motivational factors that can be explored. Today, digital learning platforms are also being used. The interaction between technology, learning and motivation is an interesting and growing research area. The aim of this study was to examine if there is a relationship between how gamification (or video game elements applied in other contexts than entertainment) is experienced in a digital learning tool and the users’ motivation to learn languages. The following research questions were asked: Are there any group differences in terms of motivation based on multilingualism? Are there any group differences in motivation based on age groups? Is there a correlation between how highly the activity is valued and motivation derived from gamification? Are intrinsically motivated people driven by gamification? How do the participants describe their experiences with gamification in terms of motivation? Data collection was performed through a quantitative survey with some qualitative questions as well. The participant group consisted of 35 participants aged 15-42 years. Of these 31.4% identified themselves as men, 62.9% as women and 5.7% as other. Data analysis was performed in SPSS and showed a significant correlation between activity-value and gamification, as well as a significant group difference based on multilingualism, where multilingual individuals scored higher on extrinsic motivation. No significant differences at group level could be identified based on age. The participants were generally positive towards gamification, but expressed that the life system disrupted their learning, since the users lose lives when they make mistakes, when they run out of lives they are prevented from continuing for a certain time, disrupting learning.

Introduction: In order to maintain strong relationships with customers, a lot of firms have invested in improving quality; this has led to an increase of quality programs. One of the most prominent quality standards is the ISO 9000 series, however prior research has different views whether or not the standards are beneficial. Two of the areas where disagreement exists regarding ISO 9000, are its effect on customer satisfaction and furthermore how the different motives behind the implementation can affect the outcome of ISO 9000. Hence this paper aimed to seek an explanation between these two matters and fill the research gap, where it was conducted on companies deployed in Sweden. Purpose: The purpose with this research is to explain how the different motives behind the implementation of ISO 9000 effect customer satisfaction. Methodology: A quantitative study was performed, with a cross-sectional research approach, where a questionnaire was used to collect the data. This resulted in 102 answers, where the questionnaire was sent out by e-mail to one representative for each firm. Conclusion: The study concluded that it was no difference between extrinsic and intrinsic motivation to implement ISO 9000 and its effect on perceived quality, perceived value and customer expectations. It was also discovered that those who had the ISO 9000 series performed well with regards to their customer satisfaction

The purpose of this research project was to give a better understanding of the relationship between sustainable development and employee motivation. More specifically, this study focused on the influence of sustainable development over intrinsic and extrinsic employee motivation, and aimed to identify and explain the different motivators at stake in this connection.   We decided to select sustainable development and motivation as our two main theories, and we carefully developed them in our theoretical framework. Beside that, we chose to follow an interpretivist paradigm and to conduct qualitative interviews with employees.   For this research project, we contacted Brocard, a French wine producer seriously involved in sustainable development for almost 20 years. After having designed an interview guide thanks to our theoretical framework and our own knowledge, we carried out six semi-structured interviews via Skype with the company and collected almost three hours of data.   After the retranscription and the translation of these interviews, we presented the empirical results and analyzed the data by following a thematic analysis. We managed to group a great number of concepts under three themes (satisfaction, working environment, and performance) and discussed them. The results showed several motivators at stake when employees were confronted to sustainable development, either intrinsic and extrinsic.   Several limitations can be underlined in our research project, as the difference of language between the respondents and the final writing thesis, which probably caused the loss of some information, or the fact that this study is partly limited to France, due to the company we contacted. To go beyond those results, we suggested to develop the same type of study in other countries or other areas of the world, and then compare the results.

Students´ achievements in scientific subjects, such as biology, have stringently declined during the past decade. In order to disrupt these declining results in scientific subjects it´s important to identify factors leading to decreased academic achievements within the scientific subjects. This study aims to investigate the association between students´ achievements in biology and self-efficacy beliefs, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and amotivation among 120 Swedish students with an age between thirteen and fifteen years s. A self-efficacy sub-scale of the “Motivational for Learning Questionnaire” (MSLQ) was used to evaluate students´ self-efficacy beliefs and an “Academic Motivation Scale for Learning Biology” (AMSLB) was used to determine students´ motivation to learn biology. The results showed a significant positive correlation between students´ biology achievement and self-efficacy beliefs, intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. Further, a significant negative correlation was found between students´ biology achievement and amotivation. These findings indicates that both self-efficacy beliefs, intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation could be important underlying factors that positively impact students´ achievements in biology.