Moving to a pass/fail curriculum has generally been associated with decreased levels of stress and increased medical student well-being. However, not much research has been done to identify the specific effect of retaining class rank in a pass/fail curriculum and how this might affect student stress levels. The purpose of the current study was to fill in current research gaps in this area and to provide further insight into some of the factors that contribute to medical student burnout. The study was carried out using the Medical Student Well-Being Index (MSWBI), a self-reported survey that evaluates medical student fatigue, depression, burnout, anxiety/stress, and mental/physical QOL on a weighted and unweighted basis. Additionally, a set of add-on questions developed by the research team were distributed to participants along with the MSWBI. These questions asked the students to determine whether the change to a pass/fail curriculum increased, decreased, or did not change their perceived stress levels and to identify the major sources of their perceived stress. Participants were full-time medical students enrolled at ETSU Quillen College of Medicine from the Fall 2019 to Spring 2020 terms. They were divided by graduation year and asked to complete the MSWBI and IRB-approved add-on questions once per school year during this period. The number of add-on question respondents from each class reporting an increased or unchanged level of stress since switching to a pass-fail system encompassed 62.6% of all respondents. The most common reason provided by respondents for either increased or unchanged levels of stress after switching to a pass/fail curriculum was the continued reporting of class rank. This work will be useful in determining the true sources of student stress within the medical education system. While a pass/fail curriculum may reduce medical students’ perceived stress, this data indicates that class rank remains burdensome for many. Understanding the underlying factors that influence poor medical student well-being can lead to better targeted interventions.

<div>Due to recent advances in sensor technology and the exponential increase in computation power of electronic control units (ECUs) along with their increasing affordability, active safety and vehicle automation have become major trends in the commercial vehicle industry. New regulations for increased safety are also a major driver behind the industry's increased interest in that topic. As a result, being a crucial part of vehicle automation, steering systems had to be adapted to enable Active Steering. Consequently, commercial vehicle steering designers introduced the concept of torque and angle overlay using an electric motor in series with the conventional hydraulic steering system. However, despite the fact that these systems are becoming more prevalent in the market, they still suffer from inefficiencies intrinsic to the conventional hydraulic steering system still being used. These inefficiencies are a result of</div><div>flow metering losses due to the use of control valves to regulate the pump flow output, as well as inside the steering gear with the use control valves to build assistance pressure.</div><div><br></div><div><div>In this research project, we investigate the potential use of the proven pump Displacement Control (DC) technology in steering on-highway commercial vehicles. DC pumps have been shown to signicantly improve system efficiency as they allow the removal of control valves typically used to regulate </div><div>ow [1]. Instead, the displacement of the pump can be directly controlled to vary the pump's flow rate and direction,</div><div>and thus eliminating throttling losses. The DC technology has been successfully used in a steer-by-wire conguration for an articulated frame steering vehicle and has been shown to signicantly improve efficiency and productivity, as well as result in a reduction in fuel consumption [2].</div></div><div><br></div><div><div>In this work, we propose a steer-by-wire system, using DC pump technology, for on-highway commercial vehicles, and present the dierent possible congurations in which it can be implemented. Moreover, the benets and drawbacks of the steer-by-wire system are researched and identied. Subsequently, the system is designed and validated in simulation, on laboratory test setup, as well as on a test vehicle to prove its feasibility.</div></div><div><br></div><div><div>Chief among the drawbacks of the steer-by-wire system is potential failures that can lead to the complete loss of the steering function of the vehicle. As a result, different possible fail-safe mechanisms are researched from which the most suitable ones are proposed to allow the steer-by-wire system to fail safely. Moreover, two of the proposed fail-safe mechanism are implemented onto the test vehicle to prove and validate their feasibility.</div></div><div><br></div><div><div>Furthermore, an alternative way of using displacement controlled pumps for active steering is be proposed. For this concept, we investigate the possibility of actively controlling the driver's steering effort by varying the pump displacement while maintaining the mechanical link between the steering wheel and the road wheels. If successful, this method will allow for a more efficient way of providing steering assistance as it does away with the conventional control valves used to build pressure and regulate pump flow, and thus eliminating throttling losses. This method has also the advantage of having an intrinsic fail-safe mechanism with manual steering being always possible should the hydraulic or electric systems fail.</div></div>

Submitted by Gustavo Henrique Verhalen (ghver@yahoo.com) on 2017-03-18T00:16:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Final GHV.pdf: 1235856 bytes, checksum: eaf60dff7b6ccaef4dab366813279847 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br) on 2017-03-20T23:36:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Final GHV.pdf: 1235856 bytes, checksum: eaf60dff7b6ccaef4dab366813279847 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-21T11:55:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Final GHV.pdf: 1235856 bytes, checksum: eaf60dff7b6ccaef4dab366813279847 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-22 / The banking industry is a poorly competitive market, there are several reasons related to this, entry costs are high, there are technological barriers to the creation of new banks, and there may be institutional barriers that prevent the entry of new firms. There are, however, elements that act to decrease banking concentration, and deposit insurance programs can act as an incentive for this decrease. The main purpose of deposit insurance is to stabilize banking systems, the guarantee on deposits that it provides aims to prevent the occurrence of bank runs. However, when this guarantee is added to the system, it levels up banks with different risk perceptions, thus allowing a rebalancement of deposits between banks. This dissertation aims to verify if the Brazilian deposit insurance program managed by the FGC (Brazilian deposit insurance fund) had a positive impact on the deconcentration of the Brazillian banking market. Empirical tests assesses whether there are distinctions between a group of banks considered of systemic importance and the other banks, which compose the Brazilian financial system (SFN in Portuguese). Hence, the dissertation investigates if the increase in the FGC coverage value increased the funds deposited into the Poupança (a popular kind of remunerated account) and term accounts of banks that do not have systemic importance. Evidence suggests that the performance of the FGC played an important role in compensating the process of market concentration in the Brazilian banking industry in the period between October 2006 and April 2012. / A indústria bancária é um mercado pouco competitivo, diversas razões estão relacionadas a isso, os custos de entrada são altos, há barreiras tecnológicas para a constituição novos bancos e, podem existir barreiras institucionais que impedem a entrada de novas firmas. Há, contudo, fatores que atuam para diminuir a concentração bancária, e os programas de seguro depósito podem atuar como um dos catalizadores dessa diminuição. A principal finalidade dos seguros depósito é de estabilização dos sistemas bancários, a garantia sobre depósitos proporcionada por eles tem como objetivo prevenir a ocorrência de corridas bancárias. Mas, quando essa garantia é inserida no sistema ela coloca no mesmo nível instituições bancárias que antes possuíam percepções de risco diferentes e, isto atua rebalanceando o acesso aos depósitos entre os bancos. Essa dissertação tem por objetivo verificar se o programa de seguro depósitos administrado pelo Fundo Garantidor de Créditos (FGC), teve impacto positivo na desconcentração do mercado bancário brasileiro. São realizados testes empíricos para avaliar se a atuação do FGC propicia esse aumento na competição bancária. A maneira de averiguar isso se dá através da comparação entre um grupo de bancos considerados de importância sistêmica, assim a cobertura do FGC teria pouco ou nenhum impacto sobre as captações desses bancos, e os demais bancos do Sistema Financeiro Nacional (SFN). Dessa forma a dissertação investiga se o aumento no valor de cobertura do FGC incrementou as captações de depósitos de poupança e de depósitos a prazo dos bancos que não possuem importância sistêmica. As evidências sugerem que o FGC desempenhou um papel importante na redução do processo de concentração do setor bancário brasileiro no período estudado: entre outubro de 2006 e abril de 2012.

Submitted by Weichao Wang (weichao.wang@fgv.edu.br) on 2018-05-11T16:03:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Wang2018_Thesis_TARP_Interbank_Risk_May9.pdf: 2618673 bytes, checksum: dc1254edf6febf9dacf740dc3f7d48a8 (MD5) / Rejected by Diego Andrade (diego.andrade@fgv.br), reason: A ordem dos documentos está errada. on 2018-05-14T18:11:37Z (GMT) / Submitted by Weichao Wang (weichao.wang@fgv.edu.br) on 2018-05-14T18:24:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Wang2018_Thesis_TARP_Interbank_Risk_May9.pdf: 2618806 bytes, checksum: add9b0e474645e1acb2fd7f4b86eb1f2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2018-05-15T16:30:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Wang2018_Thesis_TARP_Interbank_Risk_May9.pdf: 2618806 bytes, checksum: add9b0e474645e1acb2fd7f4b86eb1f2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-18T12:30:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Wang2018_Thesis_TARP_Interbank_Risk_May9.pdf: 2618806 bytes, checksum: add9b0e474645e1acb2fd7f4b86eb1f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-09 / I investigate how the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) affected the stressed interbank money market trading during the recent financial crisis via a difference-in-difference (DiD) design. I find that the TARP capital injection significantly enlarged the interbank exposure for the TARP recipients relative to others, particularly for banks in smaller size, with lower level of interbank trading and located in relatively poor economic conditions. I further test whether the distorted interbank liquidity position of the TARP recipients stimulated their credit risk appetite. I find that TARP recipient banks with larger interbank exposure also significantly shifted to riskier credit portfolios than others after the TARP implementation, suggested by estimates on forward- and backward-looking risk measures. Results are robust to the instrumental variable analysis, the sample self-selection model, the propensity score matching analysis, various placebo experiments and alternative econometric models. My results are most consistent with the “capital spillover” hypothesis that banks used the TARP capital to develop more interconnected interbank relationships, and the moral hazard effect that higher future bailout expectation and increased systemic relevance jointly construct a “new government safety net” for the TARP beneficiaries to take excessive credit risks under the implicitly perceived “too interconnected to fail” protection.

In the pursuit for ever-increasing compute power, and with Moore's law slowly coming to an end, high-performance computing started to scale-out to larger systems. Alongside the increasing system size, the interconnection network is growing to accommodate and connect tens of thousands of compute nodes. These networks have a large influence on total cost, application performance, energy consumption, and overall system efficiency of the supercomputer. Unfortunately, state-of-the-art routing algorithms, which define the packet paths through the network, do not utilize this important resource efficiently. Topology-aware routing algorithms become increasingly inapplicable, due to irregular topologies, which either are irregular by design, or most often a result of hardware failures. Exchanging faulty network components potentially requires whole system downtime further increasing the cost of the failure. This management approach becomes more and more impractical due to the scale of today's networks and the accompanying steady decrease of the mean time between failures. Alternative methods of operating and maintaining these high-performance interconnects, both in terms of hardware- and software-management, are necessary to mitigate negative effects experienced by scientific applications executed on the supercomputer. However, existing topology-agnostic routing algorithms either suffer from poor load balancing or are not bounded in the number of virtual channels needed to resolve deadlocks in the routing tables. Using the fail-in-place strategy, a well-established method for storage systems to repair only critical component failures, is a feasible solution for current and future HPC interconnects as well as other large-scale installations such as data center networks. Although, an appropriate combination of topology and routing algorithm is required to minimize the throughput degradation for the entire system. This thesis contributes a network simulation toolchain to facilitate the process of finding a suitable combination, either during system design or while it is in operation. On top of this foundation, a key contribution is a novel scheduling-aware routing, which reduces fault-induced throughput degradation while improving overall network utilization. The scheduling-aware routing performs frequent property preserving routing updates to optimize the path balancing for simultaneously running batch jobs. The increased deployment of lossless interconnection networks, in conjunction with fail-in-place modes of operation and topology-agnostic, scheduling-aware routing algorithms, necessitates new solutions to solve the routing-deadlock problem. Therefore, this thesis further advances the state-of-the-art by introducing a novel concept of routing on the channel dependency graph, which allows the design of an universally applicable destination-based routing capable of optimizing the path balancing without exceeding a given number of virtual channels, which are a common hardware limitation. This disruptive innovation enables implicit deadlock-avoidance during path calculation, instead of solving both problems separately as all previous solutions.

The financial crisis in the USA is due to its great consequences still considered to be current topic. Its causes were discussed and analyzed by many researchers, but mostly from the financial point of view. This thesis takes different approach and identifies the role of the moral hazard in the pre-crisis period. Moral hazard is very often underestimated and for many people uninteresting factor. Therefor, the thesis is divided into four parts, which present the theoretical background of moral hazard and bring up the importance and constant presence of it in today's world. The main part of this work is last chapter, which analyzes moral hazard in the causes of the financial crisis. Moral hazard played key role in the pre-crisis period when it was present at all possible levels deforming the behavior of market players and causing the market failure. The deformation had mostly form of excessive risk-taking, unfavourable financial products and abuse of the information asymmetry. Very specific and dangerous kind of moral hazard is associated with the government interventions such as Greenspan doctrine or Too big to fail policy. It is because of its systematic character, when opposed to the moral hazard in the private sector is not required the presence of information asymmetry.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Si on veut assurer de fawn efficace les tests de conception, de fabrication, de maintenance et le test accompli au cours de l'application pour les systemes electroniques, on est amend a integrer le test hors-ligne et le test en-ligne dans des circuits. Ensuite, pour que les systemes complexes tirent profit des deux types de tests, une telle unification doit etre &endue du niveau circuit aux niveaux carte et module. D'autre part, bien que rintegration des techniques de test hors-ligne et en-ligne fait qu'il est possible de concevoir des systemes pour toute application securitaire, le materiel ajoute pour assurer une haute siirete de fonctionnement fait que la fiabilite de ces systemes est reduite, car la probabilite d'occurrence de fautes augmente. Confront& a ces deux aspects antagoniques, cette these se fixe l'objectif de trouver un compromis entre la securite et la fiabilite de systemes electroniques complexes. Ainsi, dans un premier temps, on propose une solution aux problemes de test hors-ligne et de diagnostic qui se posent dans les &apes intermediaires de revolution vers les cartes 100% compatibles avec le standard IEEE 1149.1 pour le test "boundary scan". Une approche pour le BIST ("Built-In Self-Test") des circuits et connexions "boundary scan" illustre ensuite retape ultime du test hors-ligne de cartes. Puis, le schema UBIST ("Unified BIST") - integrant les techniques BIST et "self-checking" pour le test en-ligne de circuits, est combine au standard IEEE 1149.1, afin d'obtenir une strategie de conception en vue du test unifie de connexions et circuits montes sur des cartes et modules. Enfin, on propose un schema tolerant les fautes et base sur la duplication de ces modules securitaires qui assure la competitivite du systeme resultant du point de vue de la fiabilite, tout en gardant sa silrete inherente. / On one hand, if the goal is to ensure that the design validation, the manufacturing and the maintenance testing, along with the concurrent error detection are efficiently performed in electronic systems, one is led to integrate the off-line and the on-line testing into circuits. Then, for complex systems to make profit of these two types of tests, such unification must be extended from the circuit to the board and module levels. On the other hand, although the unification of off-line and on-line testing techniques makes possible the design of systems suiting any safety application, the hardware added for increasing the application safety also decreases the system reliability, since the probability of occurrence of faults increases. Faced to these two antagonist aspects, this thesis aims at finding a compromise between the safety and the reliability of complex electronic systems. Thus, firstly we propose a solution to the off-line test and diagnosis problems found in the intermediate steps in the evolution towards boards which are 100% compliant with the IEEE standard 1149.1 for boundary scan testing. An approach for the BIST (Built-In Self-Test) of boundary scan circuits and interconnects then illustrates the ultimate step in the board off-line testing. Next, the UBIST (Unified BIST) scheme - merging BIST and self-checking capabilities for circuit on-line testing, is combined with the IEEE standard 1149.1, in order to obtain a design strategy for unifying the tests of interconnects and circuits populating boards and modules. Finally, we propose a fault-tolerant scheme based on the duplication of these kind of modules which ensures the competitivity of the resulting system in terms of reliability at the same time as preserving the inherent module safety.