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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
601

Uma contribuição à modelagem experimental e teórica do processo de conformação hidrostática de tubos de aço inoxidável AISI 316 L. / A contribution to the experimental and theoretical modeling of AISI 316 L stainless steel tube hidroforming.

Jorge Paiva Abrantes 25 May 2009 (has links)
O uso da simulação via método de elementos finitos (MEF) tem sido de suma importância para o desenvolvimento de processos de conformação hidrostática de tubos (CHT). Sua utilização reduz o método de tentativa e erro na definição do processo e grandes ganhos de produtividade são auferidos. Neste trabalho, a simulação via MEF em conjunto com o desenvolvimento analítico existente na literatura foi utilizada para o desenvolvimento de um método projeto de uma ferramenta simples para a CHT em matriz aberta e para uso em prensa comum. Obtida a ferramenta, foi possível a um baixo custo ser determinado experimentalmente os limites de conformação, o caminho de deformação e as dimensões do tubo expandido sendo possível compara-los com os resultados simulados via MEF. Esta comparação de resultados experimentais e simulados validou o procedimento de simulação e o método de projeto da ferramenta. Quanto ao carregamento, com a ferramenta obtida foram expandidos tubos por dois carregamentos distintos: só pressão e pressão e carga axial simultâneos permitindo assim comprovar a eficácia do segundo carregamento para a obtenção de razões de expansão maiores. Quanto às simulações, executadas em um programa comercial, elas foram desenvolvidas também para ambos os carregamentos. Ainda nestas simulações duas maneiras de aplicar-se a pressão foram avaliadas. Para a determinação dos limites de conformação do tubo fez-se uso da técnica denominada Circle Grid Analisys. Foi escolhido para estudo um tubo extrudado de aço inoxidável AISI 316 L submetido a tempera de solubilização. O método de projeto desenvolvido, numa primeira tentativa, utilizou como dado de entrada as propriedades do Aço AISI 316 L obtidos para chapas o que levou a diferenças entre os resultados simulados e experimentais. Assim foi necessário determinar-se as propriedades do aço AISI 316 L para a condição de tubo extrudado. Para a direção circunferencial utilizou-se o método de ensaios denominado Ring Hoop Tension Test, e para o sentido longitudinal o foi utilizado um ensaio de tração usual. Foram determinados inclusive os coeficientes de anisotropia. Com estes dados novas simulações, considerando a anisotropia do material, foram realizadas. Um aprimoramento do método de projeto foi realizado, sendo construída uma segunda versão da ferramenta para a CHT. Assim os novos resultados simulados foram obtidos e foram comparados com os resultados experimentais e os erros diminuíram significativamente. Como resultado final, para esta segunda versão de simulações, de projeto e ferramenta, os erros dos valores obtidos via simulação via MEF, no diâmetro e na espessura ficaram ao redor de 10%, assumindo o resultado experimental como padrão. Quanto ao limite de conformação os resultados simulados diferiram dos experimentais, porém o estado de deformação e os caminhos de deformação situaram-se no mesmo quadrante no plano das deformações (Curva CLC) para os dois carregamentos. Finalmente, quanto ao diâmetro externo do tubo para os dois carregamentos, o tubo em aço Inoxidável AISI 316 L atingiu diâmetros até 12,9% maiores para expansão por pressão e carga axial em relação àqueles expandidos somente por pressão, os quais foram assumidos como padrão. / The simulation using the finite elements method (FEM) has been of utmost importance for the tube hydroforming (THF) processes development. It reduces the try and error method in the process definition and great profits are gained. In this work, the FEM simulation together with the existing analytical THF theory in the literature was used to develop a process and a simple tool design for the THF, in open die arrangement and to be used in a common press. Gotten this tool, it was possible in a low cost, determine experimentally the forming limits, the strain paths and the evolution of geometry for a tube and then make it possible compares these experimental results with the simulated results obtained by FEM. This comparison of experimental and simulated results validated the simulation procedure and the tool design method. Relate the loads applied during the THF, two distinct load cases were possible: only pressure and simultaneous pressure and axial load, thus allowing proving the effectiveness of the second load case in obtain bigger expansion ratios. Relate to the simulations, they were run in commercial software and also the two load cases were simulated. Additionally in these simulations, two ways to apply the pressure had been evaluated. In the experiments, in the forming limits determination, the Circle Grid Analysis technique was used. A seamless stainless cold finished AISI 316 L solution annealed and quenched tube was chosen for evaluation. The tool design method, in a first attempt, uses the AISI 316 L steel properties obtained from sheets. Big differences between the FEM simulated and experimental results was gotten. Thus, it was necessary execute tensile tests in order to obtain the AISI 316 L steel properties for the seamless stainless cold finished, solution annealed condition. In such a way, a tensile tube test method called Ring Hoop Tension Test was used, to determined AISI 316 L steel properties in the transversal direction and a common tensile test was used for the longitudinal direction. Also, for both directions, anisotropy coefficients were also determined. With these new material properties set, new simulations including the anisotropy and a new improved tool design method were carried through, resulting in a new and improved tool version. Thus, new experiments were performed and compared with the new simulated results and the errors had diminished significantly. As final result, the errors in the diameter and in the thickness had been around of 10%, assuming the experimental result as standard. Relate the forming limits the results had differed, however the strain state and the strain path had been placed the same quadrant in a strain plane graphic (FLD diagram) for both load cases. Finally, relate to the tube expansion ratio, the tube external diameter increase 12,9% greater for tube expansion under pressure and axial load assuming the tube expansion under only pressure as standard.
602

Validação do processo de perfuração do aço AISI4140 pelo método de puncionamento assistido por simulação numérica comparado com experimento prático para fabricação de eixos vazados para aerogeradores

João, André de Jesus da Silva January 2015 (has links)
O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com objetivo de analisar, comparar e validar, pelos métodos de simulação numérica e experimental, o comportamento do processo de perfuração por puncionamento para o aço AISI4140. Esse estudo será a base para a fabricação de eixos vazados em aerogeradores de energia como, em substituição a eixos maciços usualmente obtidos por fundição. O processo de perfuração por puncionamento é relativamente simples quando comparado com processos de perfuração mais elaborados, como cortes à laser, eletroerosão, usinagem, etc. No desenvolvimento e otimização do processo de perfuração para aplicação nos referidos eixos, surge, como auxílio, o processo de perfuração por puncionamento assistido por simulação computacional pelo Método dos Elementos Finitos - FEM. Neste estudo os corpos de prova, os punções e todo ferramental do processo de perfuração em si, foram modelados computacionalmente no “software” “Simufact.Forming 12.0”, avaliando-se as melhores formas e geometrias dos punções para o processo de puncionamento. Na simulação numérica foi utilizado o aço presente na biblioteca do referido “software” que corresponde ao aço AISI4140. Os resultados presentes na análise do processo computacional de perfuração por puncinamento mostraram que os punções de geometria estreita são os que apresentaram as menores forças para perfuração dos corpos de prova quando comparados às outras geometrias (denominadas de inclinada e pontuda). Para os estudos experimentais, o ferramental proposto foi confeccionado e montado para a devida comparação com os resultados obtidos a partir da simulação computacional. Os experimentos práticos bem como as simulações computacionais, foram montados para corpos de prova cilíndricos a 1100 ºC sendo perfurados por punções a uma velocidade de 3,7 mm/s. De acordo com os dados de força e deslocamento medidos pelo equipamento de aquisição de dados, pela célula de carga e pelo transdutor potenciométrico (LVDT), pôde-se realizar uma análise e estimativa das forças máximas que cada punção exerceu sobre as peças puncionadas. Os resultados das simulações computacionais demonstraram uma variação de 14% a 23% maiores das forças máximas de puncionamento, quando comparadas com as experimentais. Este resultado mostra que o “software” de simulação computacional pode prever, com boa aproximação, a força máxima de perfuração por puncionamento dos punções com diferentes formas e geometrias. O processo de perfuração por puncionamento pode ser considerado uma forma alternativa de perfuração para confecção de furos em corpos cilíndricos que, posteriormente, serão usados para manufatura de eixos vazados pelo processo de forjamento em matriz aberta. / This work was developed in order to analyze, compare and validate the methods of numerical and experimental simulation, the behavior of punching a punching process for AISI4140 steel. This study will be the basis for the manufacture of hollow shafts in wind turbine energy as a substitute for solid shafts usually obtained by casting. The puncturing by puncturing process is relatively simple compared to more elaborate drilling processes such as laser cutting, spark erosion, machining, etc. The development and optimization of the drilling process for use in these axes, emerges as an aid, the drilling process by punching assisted by computer simulation by Finite Element Method - FEM. In this study the samples, the punches and tooling throughout the drilling process itself, were computationally modeled on the "software" "Simufact.Forming 12.0", evaluating the best ways and geometries of the punches for the punching process. In numerical simulation was used this steel in the library of that "software" which is the AISI4140 steel. The results presented in the analysis of the computational process of drilling by puncinamento shown that close geometry punctures are those who had the lowest forces for drilling of the specimens when compared to other geometries (called inclined and pointed). For experimental studies, the proposed tooling was made and assembled for due comparison with the results obtained from computer simulation. Practical experiments and computer simulations were assembled cylindrical specimens at 1100 ° C being pierced by a punch of 3.7 mm / s. According to the data of force and displacement measured by the data acquisition equipment, the load cell and the potentiometric transducer (LVDT), it was possible to conduct an analysis and estimate of the maximum forces exerted on each punch punched parts. The results of computer simulations have demonstrated a variation of 14% to 23% higher maximum puncture forces of, when compared with the experimental. This result shows that the "software" of computer simulation can predict with good approximation, the maximum force of drilling by punching the punches of different shapes and geometries. The punching process for punching can be considered an alternative form of drill for making holes in cylindrical objects, which subsequently will be used to manufacture hollow shafts by forging process in an open array.
603

Análise de escoamentos não-isotérmicos, incompressíveis, utilizando simulação de grandes escalas e o método de elementos finitos / Analysis of non-isotheemal,incompressible flows, using large eddy simulation and finite element method

Santos, Elizaldo Domingues dos January 2007 (has links)
Neste trabalho é apresentado um estudo numérico sobre escoamentos incompressíveis, não isotérmicos, bi e tridimensionais nos regimes laminar e turbulento através da Simulação de Grandes Escalas e da utilização do Método de Elementos Finitos. Para tornar isso possível, é implementada a equação da energia e os termos de forças de campo (empuxo) em um algoritmo numérico desenvolvido em FORTRAN, já existente, que simula escoamentos incompressíveis, isotérmicos, tridimensionais, nos regimes laminar e turbulento. O código desenvolvido abrange escoamentos onde as formas básicas de troca térmica ocorrem por difusão e advecção. No que tange a natureza da convecção térmica é possível analisar escoamentos com convecção forçada, mista ou natural. O método numérico empregado é o de elementos finitos (FEM) e a discretização espacial das equações que governam o fenômeno (continuidade, conservação da quantidade de movimento e conservação da energia) é realizada através do método de Galerkin. Para a análise dos termos temporais nos escoamentos transientes aplica-se o esquema temporal explícito de Taylor-Galerkin. O elemento finito utilizado é o hexaedro isoparamétrico de oito nós. É empregado o método da pseudo-compressibilidade com o objetivo de manter os termos derivados da pressão na equação da continuidade, pois essa ausência gera uma dificuldade adicional na discretização das equações. Para a abordagem da turbulência é empregada a simulação de grandes escalas (LES) com modelagem sub-malha clássica de Smagorinsky para a viscosidade e a difusividade turbulenta. Visando a melhoria no tempo de processamento foi utilizada integração explícita das matrizes dos elementos e a técnica de processamento paralelo OpenMP. São apresentados resultados para escoamentos com vários números de Reynolds, Prandtl e de Grashoff dos campos de velocidade, pressão e temperatura para escoamentos em cavidade bidimensional, nos regimes laminar e turbulento, e para o degrau tri-dimensional no regime laminar. As simulações para escoamentos em cavidades nos regimes laminar e na região de transição são comparados com os resultados de outros autores, se mostrando bastante satisfatórios, tanto no regime transiente como no permanente. Além disso, a inserção das forças de campo no código melhorou os resultados obtidos com o mesmo. As outras simulações são apresentadas como novos casos e tiveram um comportamento qualitativamente satisfatório. / A numerical study about non-isothermal, bi and three-dimensional, incompressible, laminar and turbulent flows is done in this work using Large Eddy Simulation and Finite Element Method. To became this possible, is implemented the energy equation and buoyance forces (in the Navier-Stokes equations) in a numerical algorithm, developed in FORTRAN, already existent, that simulate isothermal, three-dimensional, incompressible, laminar and turbulent flows. The developed code includes flows where the basic forms of heat transfer are diffusion or advection. About the nature of thermal convection it is possible to analyze the forced, mixed or natural convection flows. The numerical method used is the finite element method (FEM) and the spatial discretization of governing equations of phenomena (mass, conservation of momentum and conservation of energy) is done through Galerkin method. To analyze the time-dependent terms in transient flows is employed a time-explicit Taylor-Galerkin scheme. The finite element used is the isoparametric hexahedral with eight nodes. It is used the pseudo-compressibility method to keep the pressure terms in continuity equation, because without these terms there are additional difficulties to obtain the discretizated equations. Regarding the turbulence approach, it is employed the large eddy simulation (LES) and for subgrid-scales is used the classical Smagorinsky model to turbulent viscosity and diffusivity. To minimize the processing time is used explicit integration of element matrix and the multiprocessing technical OpenMP. Results are presented to a wide range of Reynolds, Prandtl and Grashoff numbers for velocity, pressure and temperature fields to laminar and turbulent, bi-dimensional, lid-driven cavity flow and a laminar three-dimensional backward-facing step. Simulations of lid-driven cavity flows in laminar and transitional regimes is compared with others authors results, presenting good agreement, in both transient and permanent regimes. Besides that, the implementation of buoyance forces in the present code improved the results obtained by it. The others simulations are presented like new cases and had qualitatively good behavior.
604

Ein technologisches Konzept zur Erzeugung adaptiver hierarchischer Netze für FEM-Schemata

Groh, U. 30 October 1998 (has links) (PDF)
Adaptive finite element methods for the solution of partial differential equations require effective methods of mesh refinement and coarsening, fast multilevel solvers for the systems of FE equations need a hierarchical structure of the grid. In the paper a technology is presented for the application of irregular hierarchical triangular meshes arising from refinement by only dividing elements into four congruent triangles. The paper describes the necessary data structures and data structure management, the principles and algorithms of refining and coarsening the mesh, and also a specific assembly technique for the FE equations system. Aspects of the parallel implementation on MIMD computers with a message passing communication are included.
605

Programmbeschreibung SPC-PM3-AdH-XX - Teil 2 / Program description of SPC-PM3-AdH-XX - part 2

Meyer, Arnd 20 November 2014 (has links) (PDF)
Beschreibung der Finite Elemente Software-Familie SPC-PM3-AdH-XX für: (S)cientific (P)arallel (C)omputing - (P)rogramm-(M)odul (3)D (ad)aptiv (H)exaederelemente. Für XX stehen die einzelnen Spezialvarianten, die in Teil 2 detailliert geschildert werden. Stand: Ende 2013
606

GPU accelerated Nonlinear Soft Tissue Deformation

Kottravel, Sathish January 2012 (has links)
There are two types of structures in human body, solid organs and hollow membrane like organs. Brain, liver and other soft tissues such as tendons, muscles, cartilage etc., are examples of solid organs. Colon and blood vessels are examples of hollow organs. They greatly differ in structure and mechanical behavior. Deformation of these types of structures is an important phenomena during the process of medical simulation. The primary focus of this project is on deformation of soft tissues. These kind of soft tissues usually undergo large deformation. Deformation of an organ can be considered as mechanical response of that organ during medical simulation. This can be modeled using continuum mechanics and FEM. The primary goal of any system, irrespective of methods and models chosen, it must provide real-time response to obtain sufficient realism and accurate information. One such example is medical training system using haptic feedback. In the past two decades many models were developed and very few considered the non-linear nature in material and geometry of the solid organs. TLED is one among them. A finite element formulation proposed by Miller in 2007, known as total Lagrangian explicit dynamics (TLED) algorithm, will be discussed with respect to implementation point of view and deploying GPU acceleration (because of its parallel nature to some extent) for both pre-processing and actual computation.
607

A Reference Searching Related To Nanomaterials,Food Packaging and Sustainability

Tonnie, Aruoture Onome January 2007 (has links)
This report focuses on the study of nanomaterials as a packaging material for the food industries. Reviews were carried out and the various properties exhibited by various nanomaterial used in the packaging industry were looked into. An investigation was also done on carbon nanotubes which are used to a large extent as reinforcing materials in the development of new class of nanocomposites. This report also traces the cause of sustainability problems associated with the use of nanomaterials in the food packaging industry. It analyzes and extrapolates the prospect of additional capabilities that human may gain from the development of nanomaterial in the food industry in order to ascertain environmental sustainability. / Kungsmarksvagen 71 Room 1329, 371 44, karlskrona,Sweden. Tel No: +46-737154801
608

Stanovení modálních charakteristik celokompozitového křídla s využitím MKP metod / Determination of modal characteristics of composite wings using FEM

Churý, Tomáš Unknown Date (has links)
The diploma thesis deals with the creation of a detail FEM model all-composite wing of glider. Reduction created FEM model of the beam model. The models are calculated natural frequencies, vibration shapes wings and then subsequently compared the results of analyzes of both models.
609

Analysis and Implementation of Preconditioners for Prestressed Elasticity Problems : Advances and Enhancements

Dorostkar, Ali January 2017 (has links)
In this work, prestressed elasticity problem as a model of the so-called glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) process is studied. The model problem is described by a set of partial differential equations (PDE) and discretized with a mixed finite element (FE) formulation. In the presence of prestress the so-constructed system of equations is non-symmetric and indefinite. Moreover, the resulting system of equations is of the saddle point form. We focus on a robust and efficient block lower-triangular preconditioning method, where the lower diagonal block is and approximation of the so-called Schur complement. The Schur complement is approximated by the so-called element-wise Schur complement. The element-wise Schur complement is constructed by assembling exact local Schur complements on the cell elements and distributing the resulting local matrices to the global preconditioner matrix. We analyse the properties of the element-wise Schur complement for the symmetric indefinite system matrix and provide proof of its quality. We show that the spectral radius of the element-wise Schur complement is bounded by the exact Schur complement and that the quality of the approximation is not affected by the domain shape. The diagonal blocks of the lower-triangular preconditioner are combined with inner iterative schemes accelerated by (numerically) optimal and robust algebraic multigrid (AMG) preconditioner. We observe that on distributed memory systems, the top pivot block of the preconditioner is not scaling satisfactorily. The implementation of the methods is further studied using a general profiling tool, designed for clusters. For nonsymmetric matrices we use the theory of Generalized Locally Toeplitz (GLT) matrices and show the spectral behavior of the element-wise Schur complement, compared to the exact Schur complement. Moreover, we use the properties of the GLT matrices to construct a more efficient AMG preconditioner. Numerical experiments show that the so-constructed methods are robust and optimal.
610

Pokročilé numerické simulace ve fyzice kosmického plazmatu metodou konečných prvků / Advanced numerical simulations in space plasma physics using Finite Element Method

Kotek, Jan January 2017 (has links)
en.txt After an introduction into current sheet physics, with emphasis to solar physics we showed some formulations of finite element method. We implemented and evaluated new discontinuous finite element with Taylor basis and introduced deal.II library with an example of burgers equation. While the program is dimension independent, we compared our solution with a one-dimensional analytical solution. Finally, using previously derived LSFEM formulation, we solved simple current sheet problem using deal.II. Stránka 1

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