Presented master's thesis is focused on studying electroinsulating epoxy resin-based sealings. It describes the chemical composition, production, properties and measuring methods of basic electric quantities of these materials. The aim of the thesis is to compare several sets of samples of composite epoxy resins with different kinds of micro-ground siliceous sand as a filling. The temperature and frequency dependence of relative permittivity, dissipation factor and inner resistivity are measured for given samples.

The subject of this diploma thesis is preparation of design documentation for the execution of the "Polyfunctional building" according to applicable standards and regulations. Roof building is flat single casingroof. This is a "Polyfunctional building" fulfilling the function of a residential and sales. In the underground floor are public garages on the first floor there are shops and accessories for the residential part of the house. The other floors are residential units. All floors are connected by a separate stairs and lift.

The diploma thesis deals with the development of special protective materials for hygienically clean plants. The main aim of the thesis is to develop a special protective material on a polymer base usable for hygienically clean industrial plants in two quality levels (economy and premium). The first of the developed polymer protective materials is physiologically harmless (economy) – suitable for contact with eatables. Second, premium material is antibacterial, especially suitable as a floor coating in hospitals, kitchens, sanitary facilities, schools and kindergarten etc. A partial aim is the replacement currently used primary raw materials as fillers by suitable secondary raw material.

La thèse détermine les principaux paramètres de la formation des structures de la phase conductrice de nanocomposites polymères chargés avec des nanotubes de carbone (NTC) ou des nanocharges combinées, pour étudier l'influence de la morphologie de la structure hétérogène du composite et l'interaction des nanocharges sur les propriétés électriques, thermophysiques et mécaniques des composites. Les trois types de systèmes polymères ont été étudiés, à savoir: 1) les systèmes ségrégés avec distribution ordonnée de nanocharges, 2) les mélanges polymère conducteur; 3) les composites avec des charges binaires où les nanotubes de carbone ont été combinés avec des composés organo-argileux modifiés (MOC) dans un cas et des nanoparticules métalliques d’autre part. Les résultats sur les composites polymères ségrégés chargés avec des NTC ont montré que dans de tels systèmes, la charge conductrice crée un réseau continu conducteur au sein de la matrice polymère. Cela conduit à un seuil de percolation ultra faible avec la valeur de φc~0,045vol.%. Il a été démontré que les systèmes conducteurs à base de mélanges de polymères ont un seuil de percolation inférieur en raison d'effet de double percolation. Il a été constaté que l'introduction simultanée de composés MOC et de NTC dans la matrice thermoplastique permet une meilleure répartition des nanotubes de carbone, ce qui empêche leur agrégation. Il en résulte une diminution du seuil de percolation des composites. Il a été démontré que la formation de la phase conductrice est plus efficace avec des charges mixtes CNT/nanométal en comparaison avec les charges individuelles / The thesis research field determines the main parameters, of the conductive phase structure formation in polymer nanocomposites filled with conductive fillers such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or combined nanofillers. The influence of the morphology of the heterogeneous structure of the composite and interaction of nanofillers on the electrical, thermophysical and mechanical properties of the composites was studied. The three types of polymer systems filled with carbon nanotubes have been investigated, namely: 1) segregated systems with ordered distribution of the nanofiller; 2) conductive polymer blends; 3) composites with binary fillers in which carbon nanotubes have been combined with organo-modified clay (OMC) in one case and with metal nanoparticles in another case. The investigation of the segregated polymer composites filled with CNTs has shown that the conducting filler creates continuous conductive framework inside the polymer matrix. This provides the presence of ultralow percolation threshold with the value of φc~0.045vol.%. Conductive polymer blends have demonstrated a lower percolation threshold in comparison with individually filled polymers due to a double percolation effect. It has been found that the simultaneous introduction of OMC and CNTs into thermoplastic matrix provides a better distribution of carbon nanotubes, preventing their aggregation and decreasing the percolation threshold. It has been shown that the formation of the conducting phase is more effective in the polymeric matrix with combined nanofillers CNT/nanometal in comparison with individual fillers and the higher conductivity of such conductive system is due to metallic filler content

Cette thèse se concentre sur la préparation et l'étude des composites élastomères chargés avec des particules lamellaires et des liquides ioniques. Ces composites sont caractérisés par des propriétés mécaniques améliorées, une diminution du gonflement par les solvants, une faible perméabilité aux gaz ainsi que par une amélioration de la conductivité ionique. Les propriétés de structure et de surface différentes des charges lamellaires, telles que le rapport d'aspect des particules, la surface spécifique et l'activité de surface ont été analysées comme les facteurs impactant le renforcement du caoutchouc nitrile (NBR) et du caoutchouc nitrile carboxylé (XNBR). Une attention particulière a été portée aux systèmes XNBR contenant des hydroxydes doubles lamellaires (MgAI-HDL), qui varient en fonction du rapport Mg / Al et de morphologie de particules. L'application simultanée de MgAI-HDL en tant que charge et en tant qu'agent de réticulation dans XNBR ne fournit pas uniquement un produit écologique sans oxyde de zinc mais également un composite élastomère ionique avec de meilleures propriétés mécaniques, de barrière et de transparence. Cette thèse considère également les applications potentielles des liquides ioniques en tant qu'additifs multifonctionnels dans les composites élastomères afin d'obtenir une bonne dispersion des charges minérales dans une matrice polymère ainsi qu'une amélioration de la conductivité ionique des matériaux composites. La concentration optimale et le type de liquides ioniques ont été sélectionnés pour obtenir un bon compromis entre les propriétés mécaniques et la conductivité des matériaux composites de caoutchouc / This thesis focused on the preparation and the study of elastomer composites filled with layered fillers with improved mechanical properties, decreased swelling in solvents, increased UV stability and reduced gas permeability. The layered minerals were investigated not only in terms of their use as reinforcing fillers for rubbers but also as crosslinking agents, gas barrier and UV stability enhancers. The layered fillers tested belong to a class of cationic clays (natural and synthetic hectorite), anionic clays (hydrotalcites or magnesium aluminum layered double hydroxides MgAI-LDHs) and graphene-based materials. Different structural and surface properties of layered fillers were investigated as factors impacting the reinforcement of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) and carboxylated acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (XNBR). Special attention has been devoted to the XNBR systems containing MgAI-LDHs varying in Mg / AI ratios, layers aspect ratios and particles morphologies. It was reported that the simultaneous application of MgAI-LDH as a filler and as a crosslinking agent in XNBR provides not only environmentally friendly, zinc-oxide free product but also ionic elastomer composite with improved mechanical, barrier and transparent properties. This thesis considers also the potential application of imidazolium ionic liquids as dispersing agents in rubber matrix, plasticizers and ionic conductivity enhancers. The optimal concentration and type of ionic liquids were selected for obtaining a good compromise between mechanical and conductivity properties of rubber composites

Cette thèse, qui s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet ANR Eco-Tech TRIPTIC, a eu comme objectif de contribuer au tri industriel en cadence de polymères contenant des traceurs détectables grâce à leurs propriétés en fluorescence X ou UV. Dans un premier temps, étant donné que le coût des traceurs choisis pour l’étude TRIPTIC est assez élevé, nous avons réalisé une étude préliminaire, avec des particules modèles de silice, visant à optimiser la dispersion de charges dans une matrice polypropylène/éthylène propylène rubber (PP/EPR). Nous avons montré que l’extrusion à taux de cisaillement élevé est une technologie efficace permettant une dispersion homogène de charges de tailles micro ou nanométriques. Dans un deuxième temps, après optimisation des conditions de dispersion, nous avons extrapolé nos résultats à la dispersion de particules de traceurs UV dans différentes matrices thermoplastiques. Nous avons montré que la dispersion de 1000 ppm de particules de traceurs, de tailles micrométriques, dans des matrices polypropylènes, en extrusion à haute vitesse (N= 800 rpm), n’a pas d’impact sur les propriétés mécaniques et physico-chimiques des mélanges tracés, ainsi que sur la photo-dégradation sous rayonnement UV. Cette fine dispersion a non seulement permis la conservation des propriétés des polymères tracés mais aussi une bonne détection dynamique, tant en fluorescence X qu’UV, sur un prototype conçu par des partenaires du projet (Pellenc Selective Technologies, CEA-LITT et ENSAM- LCPI). Enfin, nous avons validé l’extrusion à haute vitesse pour compatibiliser des mélanges de polymères ternaires (PP/EPR)/PE (polyéthylène) pouvant correspondre à la valorisation de polymères post-consommation, par exemple dans l’hypothèse où on souhaite recycler (PP/EPR) et PE ensembles. Les propriétés prometteuses des mélanges obtenus doivent leur permettre de trouver des applications dans l’industrie automobile, par exemple. Cette voie est d’un grand intérêt pour les applications industrielles, car elle permet d’envisager des propriétés mécaniques élevées pour les polymères recyclés. Elle ouvre aussi de nouvelles perspectives pour l’élaboration de matériaux allégés, obtenus à partir de matières vierges ou recyclées. / This thesis, which is part of the ANR Eco-Tech TRIPTIC project, had the objective of contributing to industrial sorting rate of polymers containing tracers detectable by their fluorescence X or UV properties. At first, given that the cost of tracers selected for TRIPTIC study is quite high, a preliminary study is conducted with models of silica particles to optimize the dispersion of fillers in polypropylene / ethylene-propylene rubber (PP / EPR) matrix. It was found that processing under high shear rate is an effective technology for accomplishing a homogeneous dispersion of micro or nanoscale fillers. In a second step, after optimization of dispersion conditions, our results are extrapolated to the dispersion of UV tracer in different thermoplastic matrices. It was shown that the dispersion of 1000 ppm of micrometer tracer particles, in polypropylene matrices, extruded at high shear rates (N = 800 rpm), has no impact on the mechanical and physico-chemical properties as well as in the photo-degradation of the polymer after UV irradiation exposure. This fine dispersion was beneficial not only for the conservation of the properties of traced polymers but also for achieving a good dynamic detection of UV or X tracers using a prototype developed by the project partners ( Pellenc Selective Technologies , CEA- LITT and ENSAM - RPI ). Finally, high shear processing has successfully used to the compatibilization of ternary blends ( PP / EPR ) / PE (polyethylene) which may correspond to the post-consumer polymers. This technique has proved to be an effective method to produce polymer blends with unique mechanical properties. This novel strategy of compatibilization is of a particular interest, especially for industrial application prospects. It also opens new perspectives for materials lightening as well as “high shear recycling” of immiscible polymers.

Idag är de vanligaste använda raketerna flytande-bränsle- och fast-bränsle- raketer. Flytande-bränsle-raketer har fördelen att det kan manövreras men de har en komplex design och problem med förvaring. Fast-bränsle-raketer har en enkel design och kan förvaras men de har en miljöpåverkan och bränslet kan vara svårhanterligt. En tredje typ av raketer, hybridraketer, kan kombinera enkelheten från fasta-bränsle-raketer med manövreringsbarheten från vätske-bränsle-raketer. Trots fördelarna med hybridraketer används de inte på grund av att bränslet har låg regressionshastighet och låg densitet. Organiska additiv har visat sig förbättra dessa egenskaper. 50 organiska additiv granskades med avseende på deras specifika impuls, densitet, kostnad och användarvänlighet. De mest lovande organiska additiven utvärderades sedan experimentellt. Termogravimetrisk analys (TGA), isotermviktförlust, kompatibilitet och differentiell svepkalorimetri (DSC) användes. Resultaten indikerar att hexamin, fluorene, anthracene och 1,4-dicyanobenzene har mest potential att förbättra bränslet i hybridraketer. / Liquid propellant and solid propellant rockets are the most commonly used rockets Liquid propellant rockets have the advantage of being manoeuvrable with a high specific performance while they exhibit problems with storage and a complex design. Solid propellant rockets offer simplicity and are storable while they have a large environmental impact and could be difficult to handle. A third type of rocket, hybrid propellant rocket has the potential to combine the simplicity of solid propellant rocket with the manoeuvrability of liquid propellant rockets. While the hybrid propellant rocket offers advantages over liquid propellant and solid propellant rocket it have problems with its fuel which have a low regression rate and low density. Organic fillers were evaluated since they may increase in the regression rate and the density of the solid fuel. 50 organic fillers were assessed with regards to their specific impulse, density, cost and handling properties. The organic fillers with the most promising properties were then experimentally evaluated. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), isothermal weight loss test, compatibility test and differential scanning calorimetry analysis were conducted. The results indicate that hexamine, fluorene, anthracene and 1,4-dicyanobenzene are the most suitable organic fillers of those evaluated..

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The aim of this study was to use multivariate statistical techniques to: (1) determine the reproducibility of fiber evidence analyzed by MSP, (2) determine whether XRF is an appropriate technique for forensic tape analysis, and (3) determine if DART/MS is an appropriate technique for forensic tape analysis. This was achieved by employing several multivariate statistical techniques including agglomerative hierarchical clustering, principal component analysis, discriminant analysis, and analysis of variance. First, twelve dyed textile fibers were analyzed by UV-Visible MSP. This analysis included an inter-laboratory study, external validations, differing preprocessing techniques, and color coordinates. The inter-laboratory study showed no statistically significant difference between the different instruments. The external validations had overall acceptable results. Using first derivatives as a preprocessing technique and color coordinates to define color did not result in any additional information. Next, the tape backings of thirty-three brands were analyzed by XRF. After chemometric analysis it was concluded that the 3M tapes with black adhesive can be classified by brand except for Super 33+ (Cold Weather) and Super 88. The colorless adhesive tapes were separated into two large groups which were correlated with the presence of aluminosilicate filler. Overall, no additional discrimination was seen by using XRF compared to the traditional instrumentation for tape analysis previously published. Lastly, the backings of eighty-nine brands of tape were analyzed by DART/MS. The analysis of the black adhesive tapes showed that again discrimination between brands is possible except for Super 33+ and Super 88. However, now Tartan and Temflex have become indistinguishable. The colorless adhesive tapes again were more or less indistinguishable from one another with the exception of Tuff Hand Tool, Qualpack, and a roll of 3M Tartan, which were found to be unique. It cannot be determined if additional discrimination was achieved with DART/MS because the multivariate statistical techniques have not been applied to the other instrumental techniques used during tape analysis.

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To attain a sustainable development in the field of building materials, it is necessary to consider environmental, economic, and social aspects of the industrial production. This thesis addresses the first two aspects. Both theoretical and practical research were implemented in order to study the possibility to replace the commonly used RDPs, that are being used in the dry-mix mortar industry as a primary additive, with the industrially processed elastomer waste materials, such as recycled tire rubber. The review of the scientific literature processed within the theoretical research discloses the state of the art in the field of polymer modification of the mortar products and the effect of the commonly used modifiers and elastomer fillers on the performance of mortar and concrete products. The experimental research was implemented to study the possibility of the replacement of the RDPs for the elastomer fillers. The performance of fresh and hardened mortar containing various amounts of elastomer particles was studied. The results indicate, that the partial replacement could be feasible without worsening the performance of the product.