The master’s thesis is focused on the analysis of differences in company’s financial position and performance at financial reporting under IFRS and under Czech accounting. One part of this thesis is application of theoretical knowledge to the practical example and evaluation of their impact on the company´s financial position and performance.

This master´s thesis deals with problems of transformation of financial statements prepared in accordance with Czech accounting regulations on the financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards. In the first section of the thesis elaborated theoretical work, in the second part contains a translation of financial statements of an entity selected and defined by the conclusions of both systems for reporting financial information.

The subjekt of the master´s thesis is the comparsion of the financial statements prepared in compliance with Czech accounting legislativ and in compliance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IAS/IFRS). The thesis deals with the differences in reporting according to Czech accounting legislation and IAS/IFRS lected company and subsequently evaluate the impacts on the financial statements.

The master’s thesis compares Financial Statements under Czech accounting systems with Financial Statements under IAS/IFRS. The master’s thesis shows the main differences between these two reporting systems, and their presentation in Financial Statements.

Since 2005, listed firms in Germany have been subject to the hybrid enforcement system that aims at ensuring consistent and faithful application of relevant accounting standards and in particular IFRS. Being first of its kind, the German enforcement system combines cooperative investigations conducted by a private financial reporting enforcement panel (FREP) and federal powers through downstream involvement of the German Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin). The hybrid enforcement system’s main deterrent is adverse disclosure which involves public dissemination of financial misreporting. In this dissertation, which comprises five separate manuscripts, I analyze both foundations and consequences of adverse disclosure in Germany. The first two manuscripts address different questions related to institutional premises and deduce avenues for future research. The remaining three manuscripts elaborate on selected research questions related to consequences of financial misreporting and their determinants. In summary, this dissertation has material impact on the understanding of hybrid enforcement systems.:I. ENFORCEMENT IN GERMANY: FOUNDATIONS AND CONSEQUENCES OF ADVERSE DISCLOSURE 1 Introduction to the Research Context 2 Overview and Findings of the Manuscripts II. ENFORCEMENT OF FINANCIAL REPORTING: A CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PERSPECTIVE 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Background 3 Identification and Description of Relevant Literature 4 Critical Discussion 5 Avenues for Further Research 6 Conclusion and Limitations III. DEUTSCHLAND UND ÖSTERREICH ALS BEISPIEL DER IMPLEMENTIERUNG HYBRIDER ENFORCEMENT-SYSTEME IN EUROPA 1 Einleitung und Problemstellung 2 Charakteristika hybrider Enforcement-Systeme 3 Unterschiede in der formalrechtlichen Gestaltung der Enforcement-Systeme in Deutschland und Österreich 4 Implikationen für die Klassifizierung hybrider Enforcement-Systeme und die Enforcement-Praxis 5 Zusammenfassung IV. DETERMINANTS OF INVESTOR REACTIONS TO ERROR ANNOUNCEMENTS: EXTENDED EVIDENCE FROM GERMANY 1 Introduction 2 The German Enforcement System 3 Previous Research and Hypotheses Development 4 Methodology 5 Results 6 Conclusion V. THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN EXECUTIVE TURNOVER AND FINANCIAL MISREPORTING: EVIDENCE FROM GERMANY 1 Introduction 2 Corporate Governance, Financial Misreporting, and Management Turnover 3 Hypothesis Development and Empirical Predictions 4 Methodology 5 Results 6 Conclusion VI. ENFORCEMENT OF FINANCIAL REPORTING IN PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL FIRMS: AN INTEGRATIVE CASE 1 Introduction 2 Student Material 3 Educators Material

La finance islamique connaît depuis trois décennies une croissance soutenue. La problématique de recherche consiste à vérifier si l’existence de normes de comptabilité financière spécifiques aux institutions financières islamiques peut être un obstacle à l’objectif d’harmonisation comptable internationale entrepris depuis une quarantaine d’années avec la création de l’IASC. Une première phase de recherche normative suggère que les valeurs comptables issues d’une morale « islamique » seraient incompatibles avec les valeurs comptables portées par les normes internationales d’information financière (IAS/IFRS). Cependant, une deuxième phase descriptive et comparative confirme la convergence des normes comptables islamiques (IFAS) vers les IAS/IFRS illustrant un comportement « schizophrénique » du normalisateur comptable islamique (AAOIFI). En effet, cet organisme érige des normes conformes à la jurisprudence islamique pour les règles comptables de présentation mais qui convergent vers les IAS/IFRS pour les règles d’évaluation, mettant, alors, en relief la fonction « communication relationnelle » des données comptables. Afin d’étudier les facteurs de cette convergence, nous adoptons, dans une troisième phase explicative, une double approche théorique (Sociologie néo-institutionnelle et théorie de la dichotomie sacré-profane) et nous réalisons des entretiens avec les membres de deux comités opérationnels de l’AAOIFI : le comité Charia et le comité comptable (AASB). Ainsi, la convergence comptable s’expliquerait par le mimétisme des banques islamiques et de l’AAOIFI qui adoptent les mêmes réflexions et comportements que les banques classiques et le normalisateur comptable international (IASB). De même, des « luttes professionnelles » entre les deux comités opérationnels de l’AAOIFI aboutissent à la domination des membres du comité comptable plus influencés par une « culture IFRS » orientant, alors, certains choix de normalisation vers un renforcement de la convergence des IFAS vers les IAS-IFRS. De ce fait, des conflits entre « juridictions » professionnelles aux frontières mal définies permettent l’établissement d’une échelle de pouvoir et facilitent l’agissement d’effets mimétiques, coercitifs et normatifs. / Islamic finance has grown steadily for three decades now. The research question consists inchecking whether the existence of specific standards of financial accounting for Islamicfinancial institutions can be a hindrance to the goal of international accounting harmonization undertaken over the last forty years with the creation of the IASC. A first normative phase of research suggests that accounting values resulting from Islamic moral are incompatible with the accounting values of International Financial Reporting Standards (IAS / IFRS). However, a second descriptive and comparative phase confirms the convergence of Islamic Financial Accounting Standards (IFAS) to IAS / IFRS illustrating a "schizophrenic" behavior of the Islamic accounting standard-setting body (AAOIFI). Indeed, this organization sets up standards in compliance with Islamic jurisprudence for accounting presentation rules but that are converged with IAS / IFRS for valuation rules, while highlighting the "relational communication" of accounting data. To study the factors of this convergence, we take in a third explanatory phase, a dual theoretical approach (neo-institutional sociology and theory of sacred-profane dichotomy) and perform some interviews with members of two operational committees of AAOIFI: the Shariah Board and the Accounting Board (AASB). Thus, the accounting convergence is explained by the mimicry of Islamic banks and Islamic accounting standard-setting body that adopt the same thoughts and behaviors than conventional banks and the International Financial Accounting Standards Board (IASB). Similarly, "professional struggles" between the two operational committees of AAOIFI lead to the domination of the accounting committee members that are more influenced by an "IFRS culture" while directing some decisions of standard-setting process towards greater convergence of IFAS to the IASIFRS.Thus, conflicts between professional jurisdictions with ill-defined borders allow theestablishment of a scale of power and facilitate the conduct of mimetic, coercive andnormative isomorphism.

El presente trabajo de investigación de tesis tiene como objetivo determinar el impacto de la Norma Internacional de Contabilidad N° 23 “Costos préstamos” en la rentabilidad de las universidades privadas con sede en Lima Sur, año 2019. Debido a que, en los últimos años, las entidades de educación superior han obtenido resultados favorables en sus Estados Financieros, en comparación a años anteriores, por ende, han realizado construcciones de nuevas sedes para lograr el licenciamiento otorgado por Sunedu para seguir operando, así como tener un mayor alcance en potenciales alumnos. El trabajo de investigación se encuentra dividido en cinco capítulos que son: Capítulo I Marco teórico, se realiza una investigación, a través de fuentes primarias donde se desarrollan conceptos de las normas internacionales de información financiera (NIIF’s), norma internacional de contabilidad N° 23 “Costos préstamos”, rentabilidad y un análisis del sector educativo. Capítulo II Plan de investigación, se formula la situación problemática de la tesis, el problema principal y específicos, el objetivo general y específicos, hipótesis general y específicos. Capítulo III Metodología de investigación, se definió la población, la muestra para las investigaciones cualitativas y cuantitativas. Capítulo IV Desarrollo de Investigación, donde se realizó la investigación a través de las entrevistas en profundidad, las encuestas y el desarrollo del caso práctico. Capítulo V Análisis de Resultados, en donde el estudio de los instrumentos y el caso práctico son realizados. Se concluye con la validación de la hipótesis general y especificas en base a los resultados obtenidos en las tablas cruzadas y el CHI cuadrado. / The objective of this thesis research is to determinate the impact of the International Accounting Standards (IAS) 23 “Borrowing Costs” in private universities´ profitability in the south part of Lima in the year 2019.  In recent years, higher education institutions have favorable results in their financial statements in comparison to previous years, therefore companies have built new campus expecting to be licensed by Sunedu in order to keep operating and to have a greater reach and attract potential students.  The research work is divided into five sections: Chapter I, Theoretical framework, in which there are concepts of international financial reporting standards (IFRS), international accounting standards (IAS) 23 “Borrowing Costs”, profitability, and an analysis of the private higher education sector. Chapter II, Research plan, the problematic situation of the thesis research, the main and specific problems, general and specific objectives, the main and specific hypothesis are formulated. Chapter III Research methodology, in which the population and the sample size were determinated for a quantitative and qualitative analysis. Chapter IV, Development, in which the research was fulfilled through the in-deep interviews, questionnaires and the development of the practical case. Chapter V Analysis of results, where the research of the instruments and the practical case were executed. In conclusion, the general and specific hypothesis´ validation are based on the results obtained in the crossed tables and Chi square test. / Tesis

The assessment of the environmental and social impact of companies could be a key lever towards amore sustainable society. The aim of this report is to develop a quantitative approach based onmulti-criteria decision-making methods for organizations to conduct a corporate social responsibility materiality analysis. Through a literature review, a knowledge gap was identified on practical methods to implement a materiality analysis that meet non-financial reporting requirements.Therefore, the features of such a method were identified and a method combining analytic hierarchy process and failure modes and effects analysis was offered. The method was then used within a company in order to illustrate how the method should be applied in practice and to assess its application. The analytic hierarchy process was used to determine the relative weights of three criteria: risk, opportunity and influence on stakeholders’ assessments & decisions. Assessment scales were created for three failure modes and effects analysis indices for the criteria of risk and opportunity: severity, occurrence and control. A unique value can then be calculated for each corporate social responsibility issue in order to identify the material ones. The application of the methodology to a company underlined a few critical factors to be further investigated, in particular the quantification of the scales used for assessment and the selection of stakeholders. / Bedömningen av företagens miljöpåverkan och sociala effekter kan vara en nyckelhävarm mot ett hållbart samhälle. Syftet med denna artikel är att utveckla ett kvantitativt tillvägagångssätt baserat på beslutsfattningsmetoder med flera kriterier för organisationer att utföra en väsentlighetsanalys av företagets sociala ansvar. Genom en litteraturöversikt identifierades kunskapsgap om praktiska metoder för att genomföra en väsentlighetsanalys som uppfyller icke-finansiella rapporteringskrav. Därför identifierades funktionerna i en sådan metod och en metod som kombinerar analytisk hierarkiprocess och feleffektsanalys erbjuds. Metoden användes sedan inom ett företag för att illustrera hur metoden bör tillämpas i praktiken och för att bedöma dess tillämpning. Den analytiska hierarkiprocessen användes för att bestämma de relativa vikterna för tre kriterier: risk, möjlighet och inflytande på intressenternas bedömningar och beslut. Utvärderingsskalor skapades för tre feleffektsanalysindex för kriterierna för risk och möjlighet: allvarlighetsgrad, förekomst och kontroll. Ett unikt värde kan sedan beräknas för varje företags sociala ansvar för att identifiera de materiella.Tillämpningen av metodologin på ett företag underströk några kritiska faktorer som ska undersökas ytterligare, särskilt kvantifieringen av skalorna som används för bedömning och urvalet av intressenter.

The purpose of this study is to explore how IFRS 15 have influenced Swedish auditors and financial analysts’ understanding of companies’ revenue transactions. How accounting structural changes under IFRS 15 contribute to potential informational effects remains a largely unexplored topic. By applying asymmetric information theory, behavioral decision theory and the concept of uniformity versus uniqueness, this study explores potential factors that influence information intermediaries’ understandability of companies’ revenue transactions. This study uses an explorative approach consisting of 8 semi-structured interviews with Swedish auditors and financial analysts working in the telecommunication and construction industry. From a practical point of view, this study may assist the IASB and other regulators in obtaining a better understanding of information intermediaries’ ability to appropriately interpret and use financial information under IFRS 15. From a theoretical standpoint, the findings can provide areas of potential future studies in the field of accounting information research. Although the implementation of IFRS 15 has a limited quantitative accounting effect, this study finds that the implementation contributes to informational effects on financial analysts and auditors’ information environment. The findings indicate that the perceived informational effects are dependent on entities' application of the standard; intermediaries’ accounting knowledge and experience; as well as companies' transparency and manipulating incentives.

Titel: Hur ser sambandet mellan Corporate Social Responsibility och Earnings Management ut bland börsnoterade företag i EU?  Nivå: Examensarbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi. Författare: Felix Lindeborg och Rikard Eriksson Handledare: Jan SvanbergDatum: 2024 - Januari Syfte: Undersöka sambandet mellan Corporate Social Responsibility och Earnings Management bland börsnoterade bolag inom Europeiska unionen. Baserat på syftet har den här studien som ambition att identifiera i vilken grad företag arbetar med CSR-relaterade frågor och hur detta påverkar deras benägenhet att manipulera resultatet. Metod: Det här är en kvantitativ studie som genomförts på börsnoterade bolag inom den Europeiska unionen mellan åren 2018–2022. Den finansiella sekundärdata som inhämtats till studien är hämtad från databasen Refinitive Eikon. Sekundärdata har sedermera analyserats i Excel och statistikprogrammet SPSS för att genom regressionsmodeller och tabeller redovisa resultaten från studien. Resultat och slutsats: Resultatet från studien visar på ett positivt men inte signifikant samband mellan CSR och Earnings management bland börsnoterade företag i EU. Tidigare studier i EU har identifierat ett negativt samband. Slutsatsen är att företag balanserar kortsiktiga resultat med långsiktiga hållbarhetsmål för att möta aktieägarnas krav samtidigt som de bibehåller legitimitet mot intressenter.  Examensarbetets bidrag: Examensarbetet har genom att identifiera och förklara det positiva men insignifikanta sambandet mellan CSR och EM, fördjupat insikterna om sambandet mellan CSR och EM. Denna ökade förståelse av sambandet mellan CSR och EM kan användas av intressenter såsom företagsledare, investerare och myndigheter som underlag för strategiska beslut. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Vi uppmanar till fortsatt forskning på området genom forskning på om, och i så fall hur, sambandet mellan CSR och EM skiljer sig mellan olika sektorer i EU. Vidare bör en mer omfattande studie med fler kontrollvariabler, observationer och sektorer genomföras i syfte att fördjupa kunskapen kring hur dynamiken mellan CSR och EM tar sig uttryck bland företag i EU.  Nyckelord: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Earnings Management (EM), Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG), Accrual Earnings Management (AEM), Real Earnings Management (REM) och den modifierade Jones modellen.