The use of computational modeling is an increasingly commonplace technique for the investigation of biomechanics in intact and pathological musculoskeletal systems. Moreover, given the robust and repeatable nature of computer simulation and the prevalence of software techniques for accurate 3-D reconstructions of tissues, the predictive power of these models has increased dramatically. However, there are no patient-specific kinematic models whose function is dictated solely by physiologic soft-tissue constraints, articular shape and contact, and without idealized joint approximations. Moreover, very few models have attempted to predict surgical effects combined with postoperative validation of those predictions. Given this, it is not surprising that the area of foot/ankle modeling has been especially underserved. Thus, we chose to investigate the pre- and postoperative kinematics of Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity (AAFD) across a cohort of clinically diagnosed sufferers. AAFD was chosen as it is a chronic and degenerative disease wherein degradation of soft-tissue supporters of the medial arch eventually cause gross malalignment in the mid- and hindfoot, along with significant pain and dysfunction. Also, while planar radiographs are still used to diagnose and stage the disease, it is widely acknowledged that these 2-D measures fail to fully describe the 3-D nature of AAFD. Thus, a population of six patient-specific rigid-body computational models was developed using the commercially available software packages Mimics® and SolidWorks® in order to investigate foot function in patients with diagnosed Stage IIb AAFD. Each model was created from patient-specific sub-millimeter MRI scans, loaded with body weight, individualized muscle forces, and ligament forces, in single leg stance. The predicted model kinematics were validated pre- and postoperatively using clinically utilized radiographic angle distance measures as well as plantar force distributions. The models were then further exploited to predict additional biomechanical parameters such as articular contact force and soft-tissue strain, as well as the effect of hypothetical surgical interventions. Subsequently, kinematic simulations demonstrated that the models were able to accurately predict foot/ankle motion in agreement with their respective patients. Additionally, changes in joint contact force and ligament strain observed across surgical states further elucidate the complex biomechanical underpinnings of foot and ankle function.

The reason why I chose this topic for my master's degree thesis is its currency, which results from the recodification of the Czech civil law. The topic is also interesting and useful. I also live in two Flat Owners Associations (FOA), so it may have influenced my option. The aim of the thesis is to describe and explain the basic institutes of FOA. I put some emphasis on its bodies, while trying not to avoid the interpretative disputable areas. I will be grateful if this thesis helps some FOAs in their everyday problems. The thesis is divided into twelve chapters. After the introductory, theoretical and historical chapters, there follows the fourth chapter, which deals with the two fundamental terms - the administration of the house and the common parts of the realty. The fifth chapter describes FOA as an artificial legal person. It also deals with the founding and establishment of FOA. The next chapter focuses on the articles - the very important instrument for FOA's operation and management. The seventh chapter characterizes the rights and duties of the owners of the flats. The bodies of FOA and the judicial intervention into its decision-making process are analyzed in chapters eight and nine. The task of the tenth chapter is to describe the special form of (the) decision-making of the owners of...

Title: Problems of the functional flatfoot Objective: The aim of this diploma thesis is problems of the functional flatfoot. Main goal is to describe relation between change of structure, disorder of foot function and development of flatfoot. The thesis tries to describe the behavior of foot and arch in standing and walking. Another goal is to summarize the diagnostic possibilities of flatfoot. Methods: The diploma thesis has descriptive-analytical character. It's written in form of literature review. Results: This thesis demonstrates the problem of disunity nomenclature concerning the problem of flatfoot. Specifically, it concerns the interpretation of the words of functional flatfoot, movement components in foot and laboratory diagnostic methods. There is offered an explanation of the concept of functional flatfoot. Further work indicated that the acquired flatfoot is a question of a functional disorder that may progress to structural changes. The static and dynamic loadings were confirmed by the role of small muscles of the foot in the role of dynamic stabilization and influence of femoral rotation on the foot arch. There were summarized methods used for the diagnosis of flatfoot including dynamic plantography. Keywords: flat foot, foot arch, kinesiology, diagnostics

Depuis plusieurs années, la société MATIERE développe un nouveau type de renforcement des structures en béton reposant sur l'utilisation d'aciers plats crantés en substitution des aciers ronds à haute adhérence habituellement utilisés. Ce travail entre dans le cadre du programme de Recherche - Développement des techniques couvertes par les brevets de M. Marcel MATIERE. L'intérêt de ces nouveaux aciers plats crantés réside principalement dans leur géométrie qui permet d'envisager de nouvelles dispositions constructives associées à un gain sur l'épaisseur de béton, notamment au niveau de l'enrobage. Ces aciers sont principalement destinés aux éléments de type dalle ou aux voiles minces où ils permettront de réaliser les économies de béton les plus significatives. Cependant, aucune norme ou règlement ne prend en compte, à ce jour, ces nouveaux aciers. Une étude scientifique validée, principalement basée sur la modélisation numérique, s'est avérée nécessaire pour d'une part modéliser et comprendre l'interaction entre l'acier plat et le béton et, d'autre part, pour justifier que les méthodes de calcul traditionnelles restent applicables à ce genre de renforcement. Dans le cadre de la problématique de la fissuration, une stratégie de modélisation reposant sur une approche probabiliste multi-échelles a été développée. Cette approche multi-échelles ne consiste pas à développer une modélisation qui inclut, dans son formalisme, toutes les échelles, depuis l'échelle très locale jusqu'à l'échelle globale (une structure complète), mais à développer une panoplie de modélisations qui apportent des informations pertinences à l'échelle d'analyse choisie. Quelle que soit l'échelle considérée, la modélisation est succeptible de donner des informations sur l'ouverture et l'espacement de fissures. L'aspect probabiliste est essentiellement lié à l'hétérogénéité du matériau béton. Les modèles développés permettent aussi de tenir compte des effets d'échelle, propres aux matériaux hétérogènes, qui jouent un rôle prépondérant dans le comportement des structures en béton. Le travail de recherche a donc consisté à développer des outils de modélisation du comportement d'interface en parfaite cohérence avec l'échelle de modélisation des phénomènes envisagés, notamment au regard des processus de fissuration des structures renforcées par aciers plats. La démarche scientifique s'est appuyée sur une identification des paramètres de la modélisation par analyse inverse effectuée sur la base de résultats d'essais expérimentaux réalisés sur de grands tirants en béton armé par aciers plats. Les outils de modélisation ont ensuite été validés sur des modélisations du comportement en flexion de poutres-dalles de grandes dimensions comparées à des résultats d'essais expérimentaux. L'ensemble des essais expérimentaux, nécessaires à cette étude, ont été réalisés par Polytech' Clermont à la demande de l'entreprise MATIERE / For several years, the MATIERE company has developed a new type of reinforcement based on the use of ribbed flat steel in substitution of high-adhesion round steel used for precast products. This work is a part of the Technological Research and Development program implemented in the frame of Marcel MATIERE patents. The interest of these new ribbed carbon flat steel lies in their geometry that allows to consider a new structural disposition associated with a gain on the thickness of concrete, particularly at the coating level. These steels are mainly used for thin elements where they will achieve the savings of the most significant concrete. However, no standard or regulation take into account in this time for these new steels. A scientific study validated, mainly based on numerical modeling, is so necessary, firstly, to model and understand the interaction between the flat steel and the concrete, and secondly, to justify the traditional calculation methods are applicable to such reinforcement. In this frame, a modeling strategy based on a probabilistic multiscale approach was developed. This multiscale approach is not to develop a model that includes, in its formalism, all modeling scales, from the very local to the global scale (complete structure), but to develop a panoply of models that provides the relevant informations on the scale of analysis chosen. Whatever the scale considered, the modeling can provide the information relative to the cracks opening and cracks spacing. The probabilistic aspect is mainly due to the heterogeneity of the concrete. The developed models can take into account the scale effects, specific heterogeneous materials, which play an important role in the behavior of concrete structures. The research was therefore to develop a modeling tools of the interface behaviour which is perfectly consistent with the scale modeling of phenomena considered, particularly with regard to the cracking process of structure reinforced by steel plates. The scientific approach was based on a parameters identification of the modeling by an inverse analysis performed on the results of experimental tests carried out on the tie-beam reinforced by flat steel. Modeling tools were then validated on the modeling of the beams-slabs in flection and compared to experimental results. All experimental tests for this study were made by Polytech Clermont Ferrand to the request of the MATIERE company

L’œuvre d’Annie Ernaux, bien que l’écriture soit « plate », est un bel exemple de l’écriture polyphonique où différentes voix interviennent. Afin de mettre à jour ces différentes voix qui s’opèrent dans son œuvre, nous avons mené notre analyse en deux parties. Dans un premier temps, nous avons fait une analyse énonciative des instances énonciatrices en essayant de distinguer les différents actants de l’énonciation selon diverses analyses qui ont été développées jusqu’à présent : les instances émettrices d’une part (l’énonciateur, le locuteur et le narrateur) et les instances réceptrices d’autre part (le lecteur, l’interlocuteur et le narrataire). Dans un second temps, nous avons tenté de mettre au jour les différentes voix qui s’y font entendre à travers les diverses formes de la représentation de la parole d’autrui dans le discours telles que les formes monologales / monologiques, dialogales / dialogiques et polyphoniques, ainsi que les diverses formes de discours rapportés, de modalisation et d’utilisation des marques typographiques dans le but de retrouver les voix socio-culturelles dans son œuvre. / Despite her “flat” writing, the work of Annie Ernaux is an appropriate example of polyphonic writing in which different voices intervene. In order to reveal these different voices operating in her work we have undertaken a two-step analysis. First, we have analysed the enunciative instances in an attempt to make a distinction between the different actants of enunciation: senders (the enunciator, the locutor and the narrator) on the one hand and the receptors (the reader, the interlocutor and the narratee) on the other. Second, we have tried to put forth the different voices which can be heard by means of various forms of representation of the other’s parole in discourse in order to find the socio-cultural voices in her work. Such forms include the monological, dialogical and polyphonic forms, as well as various forms of reported speech, modalisation and the use of typographical icons.

Title of project: Temperament Of Czech And German Flat Water Canoeist. Aims: The aim of this thesis is to identify character traits (temperament) in Czech and German kayakers. Methods of work: To determine the results of quantitative research was used, in the form of a standardized questionnaire Eyseneckova temperament characteristics, which we translate German probands separately. The evaluation was performed by adding three (score N, E, L) of the five dimensions and the results brought into the graph, where the quadrants are marked with the temperament traits. Results: The most common type of German temperament is sanguine competitors, extrovert with low neuroticism score, so emotionally stable. The Czech competitors no single prevailing temperament type. Keywords: Flat water canoeing, sports performance, charakter skills, temperament

Title: Use of orthopaedic insoles in childhood Supervisor: PhDr. Tereza Nováková, PhD. Problem definition: The importance of the longitudinal arch is one of the most discussed topics in orthopaedics. Similarly important is the indication of orthopaedic insoles for flat feet especially in children. Experts have different opinions about what age insoles should be prescribed, and if their use is beneficial. So far, a clearly defined boundary has not been established between real pathology and a flexible flat foot formed on the basis of hypermobility which is to some extent physiological in childhood. Aim: To compare the plantograms of groups of six-year-old children with diagnosed pes planus/planovalgus before and after six month (or more) use of, individually prepared, insoles. To compare the results with a group of children that did not have insoles prescribed and on this basis to judge whether there was change (improvement) that can be proven with the use of a plantogram. Method: Two groups of six-year-old subjects were formed. The experimental group: subjects with prescribed orthopaedic insoles, and the control group: subjects that were not prescribed orthopaedic insoles. Plantograms were evaluated with the help of the Chippaux-Šmiřák index method. Conclusion: The results indicate a partial...

In my Diploma thesis I focus on rights and duties of the member of the Community of owners of housing units. The Community of owners of housing units and related issues are regulated in Act No. 72/1994 Coll., the Flats Ownership Act. Some general regulation can be found also in the Civil Code. First of all, in the introduction of my Diploma thesis I wanted to describe the reasons that lead me to choose this theme. After that I explained the methods I used in the process of completing of this thesis. After the explanation of the choice of the theme and the methods I concerned with the general regulation of the Community. In this chapter I described the birth of the Community and its articles of association. Here I was concerned with the approval and content of the articles of association and also with so called model articles of association and situations, when they are applicable. I also mentioned the regulation of bodies of the Community. According to Flats Ownership Act, the compulsory bodies of the Community are the meeting of unit owners and the statutory body, which can be represented either by committee or by the authorized owner. There is also a possibility to create special bodies of the Community by specific adjustment of the articles of association. At the end of this chapter I analyzed the...

In the setting of Noetherian or Dedekind domains, we investigate the properties of very flat and contraadjusted modules. These are the modules from the respective classes in the cotorsion pair (VF, CA) generated by the set of all modules of the form R[s−1 ]. Furthermore, we introduce the concept of locally very flat modules and pursue the analogy of their relation to very flat modules and the relation between projective and flat Mittag-Leffler modules. It is shown that for Noetherian domains, the class of all very flat modules is covering, if and only if the class of all locally very flat modules is precovering, if and only if the spectrum of the ring is finite; for domains of cardinality less than 2ω , this is further equivalent to the class of all contraadjusted modules being enveloping.

The main aim of the Master`s thesis is to compare and evaluate the system of flat tax in the Baltic States and the Slovak Republic. In the first chapter the reader will learn about a brief history of the flat tax and the general terms that relate to the topic. The second and third chapter is devoted to an analysis of the tax systems in the countries surveyed. This thesis analyzes the political and economic situation of each country before the tax reform, a description of the tax systems as originally introduced and changes over time to present. The last chapter is devoted to a detailed analysis of macroeconomic indicators in the form of graphs and verbal descriptions. Finally, in the section "4.6 The overall assessment" there is a summary of the gathered facts and the impact of flat tax on the economy of each relevant country.