O presente estudo parte da tese de que as danças urbanas começam a se constituir como uma das formas de ser homem e profissional na contemporaneidade, na qual as interdições sociais já não são tão limitantes como foram outrora. Desta forma, apresentamos como objetivo geral investigar como tal processo se dá na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, estudando as artes de fazer destes atores, os dançarinos urbanos. Mais especificamente, desdobramos este objetivo em três aspectos diferentes: investigar suas táticas para organizar o acontecimento de sua dança na cidade, descrever suas formas de narrar suas próprias histórias de vida e perspectivas e, finalmente, analisar suas formas de recriar a dança de rua original do movimento hip hop em novas linguagens. Os temas são apresentados em três diferentes artigos. O primeiro, Do racha na rua à batalha nos palcos: o acontecimento da dança de rua no Rio de Janeiro, de caráter mais etnográfico, faz uma análise dos eventos de danças urbanas que foram destacados como os mais importantes da cidade pelos dançarinos de break cariocas. O segundo artigo, Retóricas da caminhada: narrativas dos jovens dançarinos urbanos na cidade do rio de janeiro, tem como matéria prima as entrevistas realizadas com os dançarinos urbanos, nas quais contam suas histórias de vida, as suas construções enquanto artistas e suas perspectivas em relação à dança e ao futuro. O terceiro trabalho A dança do passinho: uma criação carioca fala sobre uma manifestação de dança urbana criada nas favelas do Rio de Janeiro, a partir de uma linguagem que deriva do hip hop, que é o funk. Tivemos nos estudos de Vianna (1997) e Herschmann (2000) o ponto de partida para entendermos este processo, difuso e disperso em função de seu desdobramento na forma da cultura funk carioca. A metáfora do liso e do estriado, proposta por Deleuze e Guatarri (2012) foi acionada como ferramenta para refletir sobre a vida dos jovens dançarinos urbanos e seus trânsitos. Buscamos também estabelecer um diálogo entre esta proposta e as ideias de Certeau (2008), baseados no aspecto da criatividade cotidiana diante das estratégias dos sujeitos de poder. Ao final, apresentamos algumas considerações a respeito dos achados das pesquisas de campo realizadas, em perspectivas com os conceitos de alisamento e estriagem do espaço e das relações entre táticas e estratégias neste contexto. / This study is based on the idea that the urban dances begin as one of the ways to become a man and a professional in modern times. That being said, the main objective of this work is to present how this process happens in Rio de Janeiro city by studying the urban dancers. This objective is split in three: describe the tactics used by the dancers to organize their dance in the city; describe their way of telling their story and life perspectives; analyze how they refactor the original hip hop street dance. Each of these is presented in an article: From the street fighting to the stage battles: the rise of street dancing in Rio de Janeiro, Journeys rhetoric: young urban dancers stories in Rio de Janeiro city and The passinho dance: a dance born in Rio. We based ourselves in Vianna (1997) and Herschmann (2000) in order to understand this diffuse and disperse process as a function of its presence in Rios funk culture. The liso e estriado metaphor was used as a tool to make us think about these young dancers life. We also seek to establish a dialog between our ideas and Certeaus (2008). In the end, we present some ideas based on our research and field work.

The renewable energy sources are the primary solution for energy demand in all the countries because it’s being harmless to the environment. In the short term, wind energy has the most potential among all the renewable energy technologies. In the European Union, Sweden is largely based on renewable energy for their energy demand. Sweden is one of the leading country in the EU where wind power has been growing rapidly. As wind turbines in recent time have been more and more commonly placed in forestal terrain in Sweden, it is of interest to know the difference in annual output compared to the flat terrain which was the earlier dominant terrain type for wind turbines. In this thesis, the difference between the two terrain types is investigated for a number of wind turbine models. This paper presents the study from the annual Vindstat report of the year 2015 and 2016. The data were accumulated in the Excel file and the terrain for turbine locations was classified using Google Earth. Finally, the power generation in both areas are compared by graphs and tables. The results indicate the difference in production according to the terrain and turbine rating. And it was a surprising finding that the difference between them is not more as we expected. Even more, further study is required to find the difference between in forest and flat wind turbines in all the aspects.

My diploma thesis deals with the issue of owner occupied housing in the Czech Republic. Attention is paid to the general importance of the provision of housing with emphasis on the social, economic and especially the legal aspects with respect to the rights that are granted by the Constitution and the Bill of Rights. It describes in brief the development of flat ownership since the 60's and the role of the state in the housing policy, particularly with the aim to bring attention to the existing legal regulation of this area -- the Flat Ownership Act. The main part of the thesis focuses on the legal regulation of flat ownership which draws on the dualistic concept of house co-ownership and the related ownership of a housing unit (apartment or non-residential area). Emphasis is put on the legal status of flat owners, the summary of rights and obligations that arise from ownership of a flat as a specific subject of property ownership. The ways in which flat ownership rights are formed are presented with regard to the consequences of the ownership rights being entered in the Land Registry. The creation, operation and the position of a Home Owners Association, a body corporate, which is established by law to manage dwelling houses, is presented particularly in relation to a specific flat owner. In this respect, as well as in other sections, the thesis follows the practice of the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court that has considerable effect on the interpretation of law and the protection of rights and obligations pertaining to particular owners in exercising their property rights.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-08-15T12:30:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) dissertacao-lucas-1.pdf: 395719 bytes, checksum: 853c88b4092e0da7fb4784c37434ccbe (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-15T12:30:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) dissertacao-lucas-1.pdf: 395719 bytes, checksum: 853c88b4092e0da7fb4784c37434ccbe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-13 / language="eng">The present work has been based by the [16] and [17] articles, from Oscar J. Garay. In that articles he studied the conformally flat hypersurfaces in the R4 space, wich have the mean curvature vector H like an eigenvector of their Laplacian Operator, i.e., DH = lH, l 2R .We showed that these hypersurfaces are isoparametrics and, consequently, they are either a minimal hypersurface, or an around 3-sphere S3(r) , or a cylinder over a 2-sphere S2(r) R, or a cylinder over a circle S(r) R2. / Este trabalho foi baseado nos artigos [16] e [17] de Oscar J. Garay que consistem em estudar as hipersuperfícies conformemente planas em R4, cujo vetor curvatura média, H, ´e autovetor do operador Laplaciano, isto ´e, DH = lH, com l 2 R. Mostramos que estas hipersuperfícies são isoparamétricas e, consequentemente, são m´ınimas, ou uma hiperesfera S3(r), ou um cilindro cartesiano com uma 1-esfera R2 S1(r), ou um cilindro cartesiano com uma 2-esfera R S2(r).

Contemporary work in the metaphysics of realization has produced two central theories as to what it is for an individual to realize a kind. According to the 'flat theory' of Lawrence Shapiro, an individual realizes some kind by exemplifying or instantiating the properties that define realizations of that kind. With Carl Gillett's, 'dimensioned theory', on the other hand, an individual takes part in the realization of some kind merely by contributing causally towards the properties that define realizations of that kind. Both views are vulnerable to objections. Flat realization is focused on the realization of functional kinds, and, therefore, is poorly suited to describe the realization of scientific or compositional kinds. The dimensioned view handles compositional kinds very well, but has difficulty delineating limits as to what may count as a causal component for sake of realization. If everything qualifies as a causal component of realization, every individual with different causal components begins to resemble a unique realization. If every individual qualifies as a unique realization, every kind constituted by more than one individual will be constituted by more than one realization. This threatens to trivialize the realization thesis, as every kind becomes multiply realizable. In order to resolve these problems, I develop a two-level theory of realization inspired by Lewis' 'Mad Pain and Martian Pain'. According to Lewis, pain should be identified only contingently with the physical properties of typical pain. It is also the case, according to Lewis, that pain should be identified only contingently with the functional properties of typical pain. Accounting for this dual contingency suggests two different ways in which a causal role may be fulfilled. On the one hand, a causal role can be fulfilled in the sense in which an individual's internal systems and structures are understood to produce certain aggregate, object-level capacities. On the other hand, a causal role can also be fulfilled in the sense in which certain object-level capacities are understood as the instantiation of psychological or conceptual abilities. If these different senses of role fulfilment qualify as different ways of realizing a causal role, there will be different, but compatible, ways in which an individual may be understood to realize a particular kind.

Na Endodontia, a microtomografia (CT) tem sido amplamente utilizada como método de análise tridimensional. Atualmente, três movimentos mecanizados para o preparo do canal radicular tem sido introduzidos na rotina endodôntica, oscilatório, rotatório e recíproco. Existem diferentes sistemas de limas acionadas por motores capazes de realizar esses movimentos. Sendo assim, os objetivos deste trabalho são utilizar a CT para avaliar, em canais mesiais achatados de molares inferiores, a qualidade e modelagem final de preparo do canal radicular, utilizando-se sistemas oscilatório, recíproco e rotatório e avaliar a obturação do canal radicular com cone único ou ondas contínuas de condensação, no que diz respeito ao volume de material obturador e de espaços vazios. Os resultados não mostraram diferença estatísitica significativa no volume de desgaste entre os grupos testados. Para a porcentagem de superfície não tratada os grupos oscilatório e rotatório tocaram mais paredes nos terços cervical e médio do que o grupo recíproco. A técnica de ondas contínuas de condensação e cone único apresentaram preenchimento de obturação semelhantes nos terços médio e apical, sendo que no terço cervical a técnica de ondas contínuas deixou menor porcentagem de espaços vazios. / Endodontics in the microtomography (CT) has been widely used as a method for three-dimensional analysis. Currently, three mechanized movements for root canal preparation has been introduced in endodontic, oscillatory, rotational and reciprocal routine. There are different files systems driven by motors capable of these movements. Thus, the objectives of this work are using CT to evaluate, in flattened mesial canals of mandibular molars, the quality and final modeling of root canal preparation, using oscillatory, reciprocal and rotational systems and evaluate the root canal filling with single cone or continuous waves of condensation, with respect to the volume of filling material and voids. The results showed no significant difference in estatísitica wear volume between the tested groups. For the percentage of untreated surface and the oscillating rotating groups played more walls in the cervical and middle thirds of the reciprocal group. The technique of continuous wave of condensation and single cone showed similar fillings fill in the middle and apical thirds, and in the cervical third of the technique of continuous wave left lower percentage of voids.

O objetivo deste dissertação é apresentar análise da indústria lítica de superfície do Sítio Corredor de Chumbo, da bacia do Rio Preto, situada na região de Unaí, Noroeste de Minas Gerais. Partindo das informações disponibilizadas pelas pesquisas do IAB (Instituto de Arqueologia Brasileira na década de 1970 e 1980 por meio do PRONAPA (Programa Nacional de Pesquisa Arqueológica) e PROPEVALE (Programa de Pesquisas Arqueológicas do Vale do São Paulo), a pesquisa procurou responder a questões relativas aos sítios líticos de superfície, que ainda não eram bem conhecidos na região. O trabalho incluiu ainda as relações entre o meio físico, a paisagem e os aspectos arqueológicos relativos ao sítio estudado. A metodologia utilizada procurou dialogar entre tipologia e tecnologia dos instrumentos, além de formalizar uma Cadeia Operatória para a indústria lítica analisada. Os resultados indicam que o sítio se constitui em uma mina a céu aberto (Pellegrin, 1995), sendo identificado parte de seu tratamento in situ. Contudo, as partes mais avançadas da Cadeia Operatória estão presentes dentre os vestígios analisados, demonstrando que um sítio dado como de extração e tratamento, também foi utilizado para a finalização de uma gama de instrumentos. Os tipos mais observados, que se destacam pela quantidade e pela excelência são os artefatos Plano-Convexos, os Raspadores sobre lascas (Façonnage e debitagem) e os Artefatos de Ocasião - este último, indicando um alto nível de reaproveitamento de matérias primas marginais, enquanto as mesmas abundavam no sítio e suas imediações. / This dissertation objective is to present an analysis on the lithic industry in Corredor de Chumbo site, in Rio Preto basin, located in the Northwest part of Minas Gerais state. From IAB researches information. In the decade of 70 and 80 by means of PRONAPA and PROPEVALE, this research aimed to answer to the questions related to the surfaces lithic sites that had not been contemplated in a systematic way (Dias Jr & Carvalho, 1982). The work still included relations between the archaeological environment, landscape and Archaeological aspects relating to the studied site. The used methodology purposed to converse between the instruments typology and technology, besides formalizing an Operational Chain for the analyzed lithic industry. The results indicate that the site is composed of an open-air mine (Pellegrin, 1995), being identified as a part of its treatment in situ. However, the Operating Chain most advanced parts are presented amongst the analyzed vestiges, demonstrating that a site considered as an extraction and treatment one also was used for a gamut of instruments finalization. The most observed types, that are outstanding for its quantity excellency are the Convex-Flat devices, the Scrapes (on flakes) and the Expedit Tools - this last one, indicating a considerable level of reuse of despised raw material unused, while those ones appeared in great quantity in the site and its immediacy.

To further the research done in machining complex surfaces, Jensen [1993] developed an algorithm that matches the normal curvature at a point along the surface with the resultant radius formed by tilting a standard flat end mill. The algorithm called Curvature Matched Machining (CM2) is faster and more efficient than conventional three-axis machining [Jensen 1993, Simpson 1995 & Kitchen 1996]. Despite the successes of CM2 there are still many areas available for research. Consider the machining of a mold or die. The complex nature of a mold requires at least 20-30 weeks of lead time. Of those 20-30 weeks 50% is spent in machining. Of that time 50-65% is spent in rough machining. For a mold or die that amounts to 7 to 8 weeks of rough machining. If one could achieve as much as a 10-15% reduction in machining time that would amount to almost one week worth of time savings. As can be seen, small improvements in time and efficiency for rough machining can yield significant results [Fallbohmer 1996]. This research developed an algorithm that focused on reducing the overall machining time for parts and surfaces. Particularly, the focus of this research was within rough machining. The algorithm incorporated principles of three-axis rough cutting with five-axis CM2, hence Rough Curvature Matched Machining (RCM2). In doing so, the algorithm ‘morphed‘ planar machining slices to the semi-roughed surface allowing the finish pass to be complete in one pass. This roughing algorithm has significant time-savings over current roughing techniques.

This work places itself in the field of textile design, knitting and three-dimensional objects. The primary motive is to investigate flat knitting as a technique to design form. The aim is to explore the possibilities within flat knitting in order to explore the relationship between knit and non-textile components to achieve three-dimensional forms for sitting. The design process consisted of experimental sketching on a flat knitting machine and small prototypes were produced. Rib, plain knit and mesh structures were tested in combination with partial knit, intarsia and plating. These bindings and techniques were combined with steel constructions to explore possibilities for shaping and function. By integrating a non-textile component as support in the knitted samples three-dimensional objects are created. The outcome of the study is a collection of knitted objects. Common for these is that they all suggest a function in relation to seating. The textile in the construction serves a function, an aesthetic expression and as the connection material in the construction. For further development, the possibility of creating textiles for furniture with capabilities for changes in expression and function can be explored.

Strata in the Cook Inlet forearc basin in south-central Alaska record the effects of tectonic events related to normal subduction and two flat-slab subduction events. Through detrital zircon geochronology we track provenance changes of strata deposited in a forearc basin in conjunction with these different subduction processes. Our data from strata deposited concurrent with normal subduction help to confirm previous provenance models of forearc basins that suggest provenance is sourced primarily from a proximal, coeval arc. However, compared to these models, our data from strata deposited coincident to flat-slab events show markedly different provenance signatures dependent upon: (1) geographic position relative to the flat-slab event; (2) pre-established, or lack thereof, topography; and (3) type of flat-slab event. Detrital zircon signatures of strata deposited in the Cook Inlet after flat-slab subduction of a mid-ocean ridge diversify to include older detritus found in the distal inboard region. This distal signature is then incrementally cut-off in younger strata due to deformation of the upper-plate from progressive insertion of a shallowly subducted oceanic plateau. Detrital zircon signatures for strata associated with each flat-slab event are largely older than depositional age due to the lack of coeval arc activity. Our data may help to improve the ability to recognize other flat-slab events through detrital zircon geochronology. In particular, changes in detrital zircon signatures found in strata deposited during flat-slab subduction of an oceanic plateau correlate well with the exhumation of rocks associated with the propagation of deformation in the over-riding plate due to plate coupling.