The increasing demands on higher density, lower cost, higher speed, better endurance and longer retention has push flash memory technology, which is predominant and the driving force of the semiconductor nonvolatile memory market in recent years, to the position facing great challenges. However, the conventional flash memory technology using continuous highly doped polysilicon as floating gate, which is the most common in today’s commercial market, can't satisfy these demands, with the transistor size continuously scaling down beyond 32 nm. Nanocrystal floating gate flash memory and SONOS-type flash memory are considered among the most promising approaches to extend scalability and performance improvement for next generation flash memory. This dissertation addresses the issues that have big effects on nanocrystal floating gate flash memory and SONOS-type flash memory performances. New device structures and new material compatible to CMOS flow are proposed and demonstrated as potential solutions for further device performance improvement. First, the effect of nanocrystal-high k dielectric interface quality on nanocrystal flash memory performance is studied. By using germanium-silicon core-shell nanocrystals or ruthenium nanocrystals buried in HfO₂ as charge storage nodes, high interface quality has been achieved, leading to promising memory device performance. Next, another crucial challenge for nanocrystal flash memory on how to deposit uniformly distributed nanocrystal matrix in good shape and size control with high density is discussed. Using protein GroEL to obtain well ordered high density nanocrystal pattern, a flash memory device with Ni nanocrystals buried in HfO₂ is demonstrated. For this technique, the nanocrystal size is restricted to the GroEL's central cavity size and the density is limited by protein template. To overcome this limitation, a novel method using self-assembled Co-SiO₂ nanocrystals as charge storage nodes is demonstrated. Separated by thin SiO₂, these nanocrystals can form close packed form to achieve ultrahigh density. Finally, charge trapping layer band engineering is proposed for SONOS-type memory for better memory performance. By manipulating the pulse ratio of Hf and Al precursor during ALD deposition, the band diagram of Hf[subscript x]Al[subscript y]O charge trapping layer is optimized to have a Hf : Al ratio 3:1 at bottom and 1:3 at the top, leading to better trade-off between programming and retention for the of memory device. / text

by Lau Kwok Shun, Wong Tak Sing. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1988. / Bibliography: leaves 69-71.

Zhan Xu Zhen, Jasmine. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2009-2010, design report." / "May 2010." / Chapter 0.0 --- Thesis Statement

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Although it had been early developed aiming to search on the plants mineral nutrition, the hydroponic gained more importance between the growers due to possibility a better nutritional control that confers greater plant quality and minor incidence of pests. Some hydroponic systems have been considered for the lettuce grown, between them NFT (Nutrient Film Technique) and Floating System. This last one consists of the use of great amounts of nutrient solution in tanks where the plants are floating on plates with its roots flooded. This system has been showing promising for hot climates where the high temperatures can to limit the growing in other systems as the NFT. Therefore, a trial was carried out to evaluate the floating system in its diverse characteristics as stability of the electrical conductivity and pH, availability of dissolved oxygen to the plants and temperature of the nutrient solution. Also was evaluated, through the total fresh weight and root length, the cultivars VerÃnica and Vera, which are spread out between the growers that use hydroponic systems, in regards to its adaptability to the floating system. Each one of the cultivars were submitted at two levels of electrical conductivity (1,5mS/cm and 2,5 mS/cm) and two levels of artificial aeration (20min/h and 60min/h) in split-split-plot design. The study showed that the cultivar Vera was significantly better than VerÃnica concerning to the total fresh weight and root length. It did not have significant difference between the studied levels of electrical conductivity and artificial aeration in the development of the plants. It could still be observed that the system revealed sufficiently steady in regards to the evaluated parameters. / Embora tenha sido desenvolvida primeiramente com o objetivo de pesquisar sobre a nutriÃÃo mineral das plantas, a hidroponia ganhou bastante importÃncia entre os produtores devido à possibilidade do controle nutricional mais estreito que confere maior qualidade Ãs plantas e menor incidÃncia de problemas fitossanitÃrios. VÃrios sistemas hidropÃnicos tÃm sido propostos para o cultivo de alface, entre eles o NFT (Nutrient Film Technique) e o sistema de leito flutuante (Floating System). Este Ãltimo consiste da utilizaÃÃo de grandes quantidades de soluÃÃo nutritiva dispostas em tanques onde as plantas ficam flutuando sobre placas de material leve com suas raÃzes imersas. Este sistema tem se mostrado promissor para climas quentes onde as altas temperaturas podem ser limitantes ao cultivo em outros sistemas como o NFT. Diante do exposto foi realizado trabalho no sentido de avaliar o sistema de leito flutuante em suas diversas caracterÃstica como estabilidade da condutividade elÃtrica e pH, disponibilidade de oxigÃnio dissolvido Ãs plantas e temperatura da soluÃÃo nutritiva. TambÃm foram avaliadas, atravÃs da matÃria fresca total e comprimento radicular, os cultivares VerÃnica e Vera, os quais sÃo os mais difundidos entre os produtores que utilizam o sistema hidropÃnico, quanto à sua adaptabilidade ao sistema de leito flutuante. Para isso cada cultivar foi submetido a dois nÃveis de condutividade elÃtrica (1,5mS/cm e 2,5 mS/cm) e dois nÃveis de aeraÃÃo artificial (20min/h e 60min/h) utilizando o delineamento em parcelas subsubdivididas. O estudo mostrou que o cultivar Vera foi significativamente superior ao VerÃnica em relaÃÃo à matÃria fresca total e comprimento radicular. NÃo houve diferenÃa significativa entre os nÃveis de condutividade elÃtrica e aeraÃÃo artificial estudados no desenvolvimento das plantas. PÃde-se observar ainda que o sistema mostrou-se bastante estÃvel em relaÃÃo Ãs variÃveis avaliadas.

No description available.

Climate change is a daily challenge that we are faced with, it has become a part of our lives and is altering how we live. Architecture plays a vital role in life and it is crucial for architecture to be able to adapt to the climate conditions that may arise. A large percentage of the population living near coastal cities are faced with dangers of sea level rise, flooding, and coastal storms. Architects must design for the people within these cities or else their lives will be lost. Designers understand the catastrophic we are currently facing and are finding innovative ways to protect our cities. From rebuilding the coastal lines to making cities to imitate being a sponge. These solutions all play an important role in the future generations, each design can not work independently from each other and must work cohesively in order to have a resilient city. This thesis explores the possibility of having a dense neighborhood adjacent to a city. This neighborhood is purely independent from the main city utilities so that if a major event did occur then no systems will be interrupted. Adaptable architecture is able to change over time and with the growth of population. The design goal is to offer an optimal living option for people, the neighborhood is designed to be able to grow with a family and offer aging in place options while continuously growing over time. The structure is able to grow by using a modular pontoon system that can be attached to another module to create an interconnected city. These modules are Biocrete structures that contain the systems and utilities for a building to function giving full flexibility of what can be constructed on top. Since the city is forever growing the vertical core acts as a home for a mobile crane to be attached and assist with the development of residential units or the larger urban-scape. This crane can also be positioned on a small mobile barge that floats around the city to serve any location at a given time. / Master of Architecture / Architecture must be adaptable in a climate changing environment otherwise there will be catastrophic failure in society. Coastal cities are faced with the most climate challenges with sea level rise, flooding, storm surge, hurricanes, tsunami's, etc. Due to these challenges it is vital to have architecture to be resilient and still remain functional after a storm. The main challenge that is explored is how can we overcome the losses that are caused by flooding in coastal cities. This exploration suggests the idea of floating urbanization that is completely independent from the city and is able to adapt with any sea level elevation. The initial response to flooding is how can we keep the water out when in reality water cannot be contained over a long period of time. Instead, the question should be how can we live with water? The solution is to literally live with it, to design a city that floats on it and is able to move with the sea level. This eliminates the worry about your home being flooded and offers another option of living. This city is a fully adaptable structure that grows with families and the population at the same time. Each residential unit offers modular components to allow for the unit to expand given the size of the family, these residential modules sit on top a floating modular pontoon that can then be attached to another pontoon to allow the city to grow horizontally. This idea is not foreign nor new, it has been a way of living for some people for many years from a new single family home in Denmark to a whole floating village in Peru. It is not a new concept but it will be a more frequent design choice as climate change becomes more prevalent.

No description available.

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Ocean Engineering, 1977. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Engineering. / Includes bibliographical references. / M.S.

Analog Computing Arrays (ACAs) provide a computation system capable of performing a large number of multiply and add operations in an analog form. This system can therefore implement several computation algorithms that are currently realized using Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) who have an analogues accumulate and add functionality. DSPs are generally preferred for signal processing because they provide an environment that permits programmability once fabricated. ACA systems propose to offer similar functionality by providing a programmable and reconfigurable analog system. ACAs inherent parallelism and analog efficiency present several advantages over DSP implementations of the same systems. The computation power of an ACA system is directly proportional to the number of computing elements used in the system. Array size is limited by the number of computation elements that can be managed in an array. This number is continually growing and as a result, is permitting the realization of signal processing systems such as real-time speech recognition, image processing, and many other matrix like computation systems. This research provides a systematic process to implement, program, and use the computation elements in large-scale Analog Computing Arrays. This infrastructure facilitates the incorporation of ACA without the current headaches of programming large arrays of analog floating-gates from off-chip, currently using multiple power supplies, expensive FPGA controllers/computers, and custom Printed Circuit Board (PCB) systems. Proof of the flexibility and usefulness of ACAs has been demonstrated by the construction of two systems, an Analog Fourier Transform and a Vector Quantizer.

In this thesis, two-dimensional floating pier consists of single rectangular impermeable pontoon and rigid beam is studied. The purpose of this study is to present a theoretical solution for linearlized problem of incident waves acting on a floating pier with pile-restrained. All boundary conditions are linearlized in the problem which is separated into a scattering problem and radiation problem with unit motion amplitude. The method of separation of variables is used to solve for velocity potentials. For the radiation problem with unit heave and rotate amplitude, the boundary value problem with nonhomogeneous boundary condition beneath the structure is solved by using a solution procedure proposed by Lee(1995). By calculating wave force from velocity potential, and equations of motion of the floating structure, an analytic solution for the problem is developed. At last, using finite element method to calculate the dynamic analysis on the pile acting by the pontoon and incident waves.