This research investigates the use of an artistic methodology to explore embodied experiences related to reintegration of returning Foreign Terrorist Fighters (FTFs). The methodology combines bodily, sensory and cognitive aspects of individual and intersubjective processes – dimensions which have long been neglected in research on reintegration. The research seeks to examine how the artistic body mapping methodology can be used in exploratory and participatory research aiming to promote the reintegration of returning FTFs. The intersubjective body mapping methodology, developed as part of the research, is used and assessed in order to explore its utility for advancing dialogue in addressing challenges related to the reintegration process, including understanding and trust, as experienced by returning FTFs, community members and security personnel in Mombasa, Kenya. The research confirms that the use of intersubjective body mapping is a powerful tool in the context of reintegration, as it serves to enhance understanding for the self and others, which correlates with trust, while allowing for communicating empirical knowledge beyond conventional means.

Les réglementations toujours plus drastiques sur les émissions de polluants ont conduit au développement de systèmes de combustion opérant en régimes pauvres qui sont malheureusement sujet aux instabilités thermo acoustiques. La capacité de la Simulation aux Grandes Echelles (SGE) à simuler des turbines à gaz industrielles complexes de grande puissance est mise en évidence au cours de ce travail de thèse. Tout d’abord, la SGE est appliquée à un brûleur académique et validée par comparaison à des mesures effectuées à l’Université de Berlin ainsi qu’à des simulations SGE effectuées avec OpenFOAM chez Siemens. Afin de déterminer la stabilité de ce bruleur le couplage entre l’acoustique et la combustion est modélisé par l’approche de type fonction de transfert de flamme (FTF). Suite à ces calcules et l’évaluation de la FTF les fluctuations du nombre de swirl sont identifiées comme un paramètre à même de modifier cette réponse de flamme. Après cette première étape de validation, une turbine à gaz industrielle est simulée en SGE pour deux géométries différentes du brûleur et pour deux points de fonctionnement. La FTF issue de ces calculs est peu influencée par les deux points de fonctionnement. A l’inverse, des légères modifications de la géométrie du swirler modifient les caractéristiques de la FTF montrant que plusieurs mécanismes sont en jeu. Ces mécanismes sont identifiés comme étant la vitesse d’entrée, les fluctuations de swirl et les fluctuations de fraction de mélange. Cette dernière est causée par: 1) la pulsation du débit de carburant injecté et 2) la trajectoire fluctuante des jets de carburant. Bien que le swirler soit conçu pour fournir un mélange le plus homogène possible, d’importantes hétérogénéités de mélange à l’entrée de la chambre de combustion sont présentes. Les perturbations de mélange se combinent avec les fluctuations de vitesse (et donc avec les fluctuations de swirl) aboutissant à des résultats de FTF différents. Un modèle étendu pour la FTF reliant le dégagement de chaleur à la vitesse d’entrée et à la fluctuation de fraction de mélange (modèle MISO) se révèle être une bonne solution pour ces systèmes complexes. Une analyse non linéaire montre en outre que l’amplitude de forçage conduit non seulement à une saturation de la flamme, mais aussi à un changement de la réponse de flamme. La saturation de la flamme n’est vérifiée que pour la FTF globale et le gain augmente localement avec une amplitude croissante. Pour ce système on notera enfin que la flamme linéaire, comme la flamme non linéaire, ne sont pas compactes: certaines zones pourtant situées l’une à coté de l’autre, ont des différences significatives de délai de FTF, montrant que certaines parties de la flamme amortissent l’excitation alors que d’autres l’amplifient. / Modern pollutant regulation have led to a trend towards lean combustion systems which are prone to thermo-acoustic instabilities. The ability of Large Eddy Simulation (LES) to handle complex industrial heavy-duty gas turbines is evidenced during this thesis work. First, LES is applied to an academic single burner in order to validate the modeling against measurements performed at TU Berlin and against OpenFoam LES simulations done at Siemens. The coupling between acoustic and combustion is modeled with the Flame Transfer Function (FTF) approach and swirl number fluctuations are identified changing the FTF amplitude response of the flame. Then, an industrial gas turbine is analyzed for two different burner geometries and operating conditions. The FTF is only slightly influenced for the two operating points but slight modifications of the swirler geometry do modify the characteristics of the FTF showing that a simple model taking only into account the flight time is not appropriate and additional mechanisms are at play. Those mechanisms are identified being the inlet velocity, the swirl and the inlet mixture fraction fluctuations. The latter is caused by two mechanisms: 1) the pulsating injected fuel flow rate and 2) the fluctuating trajectory of the fuel jets. Although the diagonal swirler is designed to provide good mixing, effects of mixing heterogeneities at the combustion chamber inlet occur. Mixture perturbations phase with velocity (and hence with swirl) fluctuations and combine with them to lead to different FTF results. Another FTF approach linking heat release to inlet velocity and mixture fraction fluctuation (MISO model) shows further to be a good solution for complex systems. A nonlinear analysis shows that the forcing amplitude not only leads to a saturation of the flame but also to changes of the delay response. Flame saturation is only true for the global FTF and the gain increases locally with increasing forcing amplitude. Both, the linear and the nonlinear flames, are not compact: flame regions located right next to each other exhibited significant differences in delay meaning that at the same instant certain parts of the flame damp the excitation while others feed it.

[pt] Devido ao seu comportamento físico-químico, os polímeros solúveis em água são utilizados em várias fases de perfuração, completação, e produção de poços de petróleo. Portanto, é fundamental prever e controlar o comportamento em meio poroso para entender o desempenho do polímero. Experimentos foram conduzidos para estudar a degradação de uma solução aquosa semi-diluída de PEO, usando dois capilares com diâmetros de entrada diferentes (100 micrômetros e 200 micrômetros) ambos com constrição de 50 micrômetros, criando fluxos transientes rápidos em seu centro. Diferentes vazões foram impostas a fim de observar diferentes taxas de cisalhamento e de alongamento no sistema. O efluente do fluxo foi coletado e reinjetado, e suas propriedades reológicas foram utilizadas como proxies para a degradação. Observamos que, para a contração mais abrupta, a vazão mínima necessária para degradar a solução é menor. Este resultado, analisado apenas sob a perspectiva da taxa de cisalhamento, não é razoável, já que a taxa de cisalhamento na constrição a que o polímero é submetido é igual em ambos os capilares. Portanto, inferimos que a brusquidão da contração desempenha um papel na degradação, o que significa que a taxa de alongamento pode ser responsável pela menor taxa de fluxo crítico. Também foi observado um padrão de como ocorre a degradação com as injeções subsequentes. Podemos inferir que injeções subsequentes causam degradação incremental antes de se aproximar de um patamar de estabilização e que vazões mais altas geram patamares de degradação mais baixos. / [en] Due to their physical-chemical behavior, water-soluble polymers are used extensively in various phases of drilling, completion, workover, and production of oil and gas wells. Therefore, it is fundamental to predict and to control in-situ porous medium behavior in order to understand polymer performance. Experiments were conducted to study the degradation of a semi diluted (2000 ppm) aqueous solution of PEO, using two capillaries with different entrance diameter (100 micrometers and 200 micrometers) both with 50 micrometers radius constriction, creating Fast-Transient Flows in their center. Different injection rates were imposed in order to observe different shear and extensional rates in the system. The effluent of the flow was collected, and reinjected, and rheological properties of the fluids were used as proxies for the degradation of the solution. We observed that for the more abrupt contraction, the minimum flow rate needed for degrading the polymer solution is lower. This result, when analyzed purely under shear rate perspective, is not reasonable, since the constriction shear rates to which the polymer is subjected are equal at both capillaries. Therefore, we inferred that the abruptness of the contraction plays a role in the degradation, which means elongational rate may be responsible for the lower critical flow rate. It was also observed a pattern for how the degradation occurs with subsequent injections. We could infer that subsequent injections cause incremental degradation before approaching a stabilization plateau and that higher flow rates generated lower degradation plateaus.