Diplomová práce se zabývá problematikou rozvoje širokopásmového připojení (broadbandu) k Internetu v České republice. Snaží se odpovědět na otázky nízké penetrace domácností Internetem u nás a překážek jejího rozvoje. Práce ve své úvodní části obsahuje analýzu v Česku nejrozšířenějších dostupných možností připojení k Internetu a jednotlivých nabízených služeb včetně formulace nutných podmínek na trhu pro rozvoj broadbandu v ČR. Na tuto analýzu navazuje kapitola trendů v oblasti broadbandu, tedy pohled na plány významných subjektů v Česku i ve světě, na současnou do jisté míry latentní poptávku po službách využívajících broadband infrastrukturu a projektované zákaznické potřeby. Z této analýzy vyplývají důležité závěry, které jsou následně využity pro formulaci doporučení v podobě klíčových faktorů úspěchu firem působících na broadband trhu. Další text práce se rovněž zabývá současným stavem GTS Novera a dívá se i na její veřejně dostupné plány dalšího rozvoje. Načerpané teoretické znalosti jsou následně použity ke zpracování samotného přínosu práce, jímž je case studie zasíťování modelového pražského sídliště broadband infrastrukturou a navržení reálného technicko-ekonomicko-obchodního modelu pro společnost GTS Novera k realizaci byznys plánu v těchto konkrétních podmínkách. Následně jsou tyto výsledky zasazeny do rámce studie návratnosti investice s návrhem nových služeb pro další rozvoj společnosti GTS Novera.

Submitted by Cleide Dantas (cleidedantas@ufpa.br) on 2014-03-07T15:50:18Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_AnaliseInfluenciaMonitoramento.pdf: 1998332 bytes, checksum: 3137599690b5b1f015ab9ab0c585c5ad (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva (arosa@ufpa.br) on 2014-05-13T17:13:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_AnaliseInfluenciaMonitoramento.pdf: 1998332 bytes, checksum: 3137599690b5b1f015ab9ab0c585c5ad (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-13T17:13:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_AnaliseInfluenciaMonitoramento.pdf: 1998332 bytes, checksum: 3137599690b5b1f015ab9ab0c585c5ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Redes Ópticas Passivas estão cada vez mais difundidas como rede de acesso de banda larga. Devido à sua importância, tais redes necessitam constantemente de supervisão. Diversas técnicas vêm sendo empregadas para supervisão de redes ópticas, dentre as quais se destacam as que utilizam reflectometria, pois agregam vantagens, tais como: baixo custo, em comparação com outros métodos de supervisão, e não exigência de intervenção na casa do usuário. Esta dissertação apresenta uma estratégia capaz de quantificar, por meio de simulações, o impacto que a técnica de reflectometria no domínio do tempo gera como interferência em transmissões típicas de uma rede WDM-PON. / Passive Optical Networks are increasingly diffused as a broadband access technology. Due to their importance, such networks demands continue supervision scheme. Different techniques could be employed for Optical Network Supervision, among them those using reflectometry have highlighted, because it offer low cost when compared with other monitoring methods and do not require intervention in the user’s home. On the other hand, when doing monitoring, it is expected that this action does not influence the information signal transmitted to the subscriber. In this context, this work aims to quantify, through simulations, how the technique of time domain optical reflectometry interferes on the transmission of a WDM-PON network.

The goal of this dissertation is to provide a solution by using a low-cost and high-performance laser module package for the applications of high-speed optical communication, fiber-to-the-home (FTTH), and passive optical network (PON). A 10-Gb/s coaxial-type laser module, a 10-Gb/s bi-directional optical sub-assembly (BOSA) module, and a 4 channels x 10-Gb/s coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) laser module have been implemented for this study. The conventional TO-Can header suffers poor RF transmission characteristics without proper modification. The notch filter effect induced by the parasitic inductance of the long lead and wires is one of its major factors. The proposed coaxial laser module is fitted with a commercial TO-Can with an internal matching resistor of 18£[ to reduce the signal reflection. The comparison of small signal results between the theoretical and the experimental results shows good agreement. The proposed 10-Gb/s coaxial laser module implemented can achieve 31% mask margins with the OC-192 standard. For cost consideration, the structure of the proposed 10-Gb/s BOSA modules is adapted to the idea of the commercial low bit rate of 155-Mb/s or 1.25-Gb/s BOSA modules. The proposed BOSA modules show a clear opening eye diagrams at both their transmitter and receiver side. The power penalty with a 10-km SMF transmission is 0.5dB and the crosstalk penalty is 0.9dB. According to the experimental results, we have demonstrated successfully the high-performance and the low-cost of 10-Gb/s BOSA modules and verified the feasibility of the bi-directional architecture for use in the future¡¦s high-speed FTTH or PON network applications. The 4 channel x 10-Gb/s laser modules adapted the existing low-cost TO-Can laser and the CWDM techniques provide one of the solutions for the 40-Gb/s optical communication application. The proposed optical module operating at 10-Gb/s per channel can exceed a rate of over 30 km transmission at the bit-error-rate (BER) of 10-9, with an average system power penalty of 12 dB. The proposed high-performance 40-Gb/s CWDM module shows the low-cost possibility that ensures the application of WDM-passive optical network (WDM-PON) fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) systems.

Ett verktyg har utvecklats i programmeringsspråket Python, som analyserar status för uppkopplingar hos Fibre to the X (FTTX)-kunder i Telias nät. Systemet består av en moduluppdelad struktur, där alla analysfunktioner av samhörande typer är uppbyggda i egna moduler. Alla moduler lagras som individuella kodfiler. Systemet är designat för att enkelt kunna vidareutvecklas genom att tillägga fler analysmoduler i framtida projekt. För att utföra en analys på en specifik kund, hämtar systemet tekniska dataparametrar via den switch som kunden sitter uppkopplad mot. Dessa parametrar jämförs därefter med förbestämda värden för att hitta avvikelser. Simple network management protocol (SNMP) och Telnet är de primära protokollen som används för att hämta relevant data. Systemet har enbart Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) som input och output. Resultatet av en analys, redovisas som Extensible Markup Language (XML) mot den server som ursprungligen ställde förfrågan till att starta en analys. XML svaret innehåller både tekniska dataparametrar kring kundens uppkoppling samt ett analyssvar baserat på dessa tekniska parametrar. Utförligheten i svaret på en utförd analys varierar en aning beroende på switchtypen kunden sitter uppkopplad mot. Switchar av äldre hårdvarutyper presenterar generellt sett mindre kundportsdata jämfört med modernare varianter. Mindre kundportsdata leder till sämre utförlighet i analyssvaret. Därför lämpar sig detta analysverktyg bättre mot de modernare switcharna som finns i Telias nät. / A tool for analyzing the status of Fiber to the X (FTTX) customers in Telia’s network has been programmed in the Python programming language. The system consists of a module divided structure where analysis functions of similar types are bundled into module files. The system is designed to be easily further developed by adding more analysis modules in future projects. To perform an analysis on a specific customer, the system retrieves technical data parameters from the switch which the customer is connected to, and compares these parameters against predetermined values to find deviations. Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) and Telnet are the primary protocols used to retrieve data. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is used to transfer data as system input and output. The result of an analysis is sent as Extensible Markup Language (XML) back to the server that originally requested the start of an analysis. The XML reply contains technical data parameters describing the customer’s connection status and an analytical response based on these technical parameters. The amount of data presented in the XML response varies slightly depending on the type of switch the customer is connected to. Switches of older hardware types generally presents less customer port data compared to more modern switches. Less customer port data leads to poor detail in the analytical response, and therefore, this analysis tool is better suited to the modern switches found in Telia's network.

This work focuses on polymer optical fiber (POF). It describes basic properties of polymer optical fibers, materials for production and methods of manufacturing processes. In following chapters are given individual fibers that vary different refractive indexes and diameter of fiber. Also there are analyse connectors which are used for joining. As very suitable solution for home installation seems to be using the system Optolock without connectors. In the work is also written several areas where it is possible to use the POF. It can break through in automotive industry, home networks or as a sensor. The practical part contains measuring polygon draft and FTTH proposal using POF for distribution system in the house, where P2P topology is choosen. It´s also made a proposal for distribution of POF in the apartment. For installation in the apartment prices of network components are compared between POF distribution and UTP cat.6 cabling. UTP cat.6 is in this comparison many times more cheaply. Final chapter evaluate demands on work with POF fibers. Describes preparation of fiber before communication and creation of small experimental network. Important findings of the work are summarized in the conclusion.

The concept of open-access networks appeals to communities that want to invest in and improve their access to modern telecommunications services. By investing in, or building their own open-access telecommunications networks, communities can create an environment where several telecommunications service providers can co-exist on a common open-access infrastructure. This model promotes innovation and competition among several smaller service providers rather than having a monopoly or oligopoly from those companies that can afford the investment of infrastructure in the community. This research provides an analysis of two large open-access fiber-to-the-home networks in Utah to determine a set of recommendations and best-practices for other communities that are considering building their own community networks. The networks analyzed in this research are the Utah Telecommunications Open Infrastructure Agency (UTOPIA) and the Provo City network (iProvo).

<p> Due to the high cost, telephone and cable television companies can only justify installing fiber optical networks to remote sites which serve up to a few hundred customers. For customers located at variable distances from the transmitting station, they will receive signals at different strengths. The signal stability and system reliability of FTTH network affected largely by the distance. We propose an effective solution for the enhancement of signal stability of FTTH network, which uses a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) coupled with an optical receiver.</p> <p> Before the signal reaches the optical receiver at the user end, signal strength is automatically adjusted through a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). Due to the special saturation property of SOA, the output optical signal will have very small fluctuation regardless the input optical signal power, the signal stability of FTTH network will be improved significantly. A set of simplified governing equations of SOA has been proposed and the corresponding numerical solver has been implemented. Although the main focus is primarily the SOA, a simplified optical receiver is also simulated, which comprises a PIN photodetector and a low pass filter (LPF). All simulations have been carried out in the time-domain with the frequency domain low pass filter modeled by a digital filter.</p> / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Les réseaux de télécommunication doivent être fiables et robustes pour garantir la haute disponibilité des services. Les opérateurs cherchent actuellement à automatiser autant que possible les opérations complexes de gestion des réseaux, telles que le diagnostic de pannes.Dans cette thèse nous nous sommes intéressés au diagnostic automatique de pannes dans les réseaux d'accès optiques de l'opérateur Orange. L'outil de diagnostic utilisé jusqu'à présent, nommé DELC, est un système expert à base de règles de décision. Ce système est performant mais difficile à maintenir en raison, en particulier, du très grand volume d'informations à analyser. Il est également impossible de disposer d'une règle pour chaque configuration possible de panne, de sorte que certaines pannes ne sont actuellement pas diagnostiquées.Dans cette thèse nous avons proposé une nouvelle approche. Dans notre approche, le diagnostic des causes racines des anomalies et alarmes observées s'appuie sur une modélisation probabiliste, de type réseau bayésien, des relations de dépendance entre les différentes alarmes, compteurs, pannes intermédiaires et causes racines au niveau des différents équipements de réseau. Ce modèle probabiliste a été conçu de manière modulaire, de façon à pouvoir évoluer en cas de modification de l'architecture physique du réseau.Le diagnostic des causes racines des anomalies est effectué par inférence, dans le réseau bayésien, de l'état des noeuds non observés au vu des observations (compteurs, alarmes intermédiaires, etc...) récoltées sur le réseau de l'opérateur. La structure du réseau bayésien, ainsi que l'ordre de grandeur des paramètres probabilistes de ce modèle, ont été déterminés en intégrant dans le modèle les connaissances des experts spécialistes du diagnostic sur ce segment de réseau. L'analyse de milliers de cas de diagnostic de pannes a ensuite permis de calibrer finement les paramètres probabilistes du modèle grâce à un algorithme EM (Expectation Maximization).Les performances de l'outil développé, nommé PANDA, ont été évaluées sur deux mois de diagnostic de panne dans le réseau GPON-FTTH d'Orange en juillet-août 2015. Dans la plupart des cas, le nouveau système, PANDA, et le système en production, DELC, font un diagnostic identique. Cependant un certain nombre de cas sont non diagnostiqués par DELC mais ils sont correctement diagnostiqués par PANDA. Les cas pour lesquels les deux systèmes émettent des diagnostics différents ont été évalués manuellement, ce qui a permis de démontrer dans chacun de ces cas la pertinence des décisions prises par PANDA. / Telecommunication networks must be reliable and robust to ensure high availability of services. Operators are currently searching to automate as much as possible, complex network management operations such as fault diagnosis.In this thesis we are focused on self-diagnosis of failures in the optical access networks of the operator Orange. The diagnostic tool used up to now, called DELC, is an expert system based on decision rules. This system is efficient but difficult to maintain due in particular to the very large volume of information to analyze. It is also impossible to have a rule for each possible fault configuration, so that some faults are currently not diagnosed.We proposed in this thesis a new approach. In our approach, the diagnosis of the root causes of malfunctions and alarms is based on a Bayesian network probabilistic model of dependency relationships between the different alarms, counters, intermediate faults and root causes at the level of the various network component. This probabilistic model has been designed in a modular way, so as to be able to evolve in case of modification of the physical architecture of the network. Self-diagnosis of the root causes of malfunctions and alarms is made by inference in the Bayesian network model of the state of the nodes not observed in view of observations (counters, alarms, etc.) collected on the operator's network. The structure of the Bayesian network, as well as the order of magnitude of the probabilistic parameters of this model, were determined by integrating in the model the expert knowledge of the diagnostic experts on this segment of the network. The analysis of thousands of cases of fault diagnosis allowed to fine-tune the probabilistic parameters of the model thanks to an Expectation Maximization algorithm. The performance of the developed probabilistic tool, named PANDA, was evaluated over two months of fault diagnosis in Orange's GPON-FTTH network in July-August 2015. In most cases, the new system, PANDA, and the system in production, DELC, make an identical diagnosis. However, a number of cases are not diagnosed by DELC but are correctly diagnosed by PANDA. The cases for which self-diagnosis results of the two systems are different were evaluated manually, which made it possible to demonstrate in each of these cases the relevance of the decisions taken by PANDA.

Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία αναφέρεται στην πρόβλεψη της διείσδυσης της FTTH (Fiber To The Home) τεχνολογίας στο σύνολο των αστικών και ημιαστικών περιοχών της Βόρειου Αμερικής. Η εν λόγω πρόβλεψη γίνεται με την χρήση μοντέλων διείσδυσης και μοντέλων ARIMA, ενώ γίνεται και σύγκριση με το αποτέλεσμα τροποποιημένων γενετικών αλγόριθμων, καθώς και με πραγματικές τιμές. Βασικός στόχος είναι να προβλέψουμε όσο το δυνατόν καλύτερα πώς θα συμπεριφερθεί η διείσδυση της συγκεκριμένης ευρυζωνικής υπηρεσίας στο εγγύς μέλλον. Γίνεται επίσης εκτενής αναφορά στα δίκτυα πρόσβασης, την αρχιτεκτονική των δικτύων, στις ευρυζωνικές υπηρεσίες και στις ευρυζωνικές τεχνολογίες πρόσβασης που υπάρχουν στις μέρες μας, καθώς και στα μοντέλα με τα οποία μπορεί να γίνει πρόβλεψη, με χρήση παρελθοντικών τιμών. / This dissertation concerns the provision FTTH (Fiber To The Home) penetration in urban and suburban areas of North America. This prediction is a result of the use of diffusion models, Arima Models, while the results of those models are compared with the results of modified genetic algorithms and real data. The main objective is to predict as better, as possible, the conduct of penetration, of a spesific broadband service in the near future. Another part of this dissertation, is an extensive reference to access networks, network architecture and broadband services and broadband access technologies that exist today,as well as, to models that prediction can be achieved, with the use of past values.

The aim of this thesis is to formulate the design of optical access network in designated area. The design is focused on the physical network layer and it covers optical fibers, cable protectors and links, optical hubs, racks and active components. The thesis also docu- ments network architecture, the configuration of active components and provides results from monitoring of selected network segments. The thesis consists of the theoretical part and practical part. In the theoretical part, there is an introduction to optical networks, their configurations (FTTH, FTTB, FTTC, FTTN), relevant networking standards and technologies. The practical part of the thesis covers design proposal of a network located in Slavičín. The design reuses infrastructure and technologies of existing network. The proposed design follows FTTH architecture which has benefits of low maintenance cost and it also fulfills GPON standard.