Esta pesquisa buscou contribuir para os conhecimentos relativos ao financiamento e à gestão democrática da educação cuja questão principal é a análise da política municipal dos recursos financeiros descentralizados para as escolas de Dourados (MS) no período de 2005 a 2008. Buscou-se analisar a política de descentralização dos recursos financeiros implantada na gestão do PT de Dourados (MS) (2005-2008), compreendendo-a no bojo das disputas sociais como instrumento importante na alteração da correlação de forças que visa à radicalização da democracia na escola, compreendendo até que ponto ela contribuiu para democratizar a gestão da escola. A metodologia da pesquisa foi descritivo-analítica e incluiu tanto a análise de documentos (dados diretos produzidos no município, como atas, relatórios, planos de trabalho, legislação, dados diretos e indiretos, em especial do FNDE/MEC, como relatórios de prestação de contas, orçamento, legislação, entre outros) quanto entrevistas realizadas com diferentes sujeitos gestores municipais, pais, alunos, professores e direção de duas escolas públicas municipais de Ensino Fundamental sobre a gestão e a política dos recursos financeiros descentralizados, indagando até que ponto ela pressupôs o exercício das práticas participativas visando à democratização da gestão da escola. Trabalhou-se inicialmente com a hipótese de que a política de descentralização dos recursos financeiros para as escolas municipais de Dourados (MS), implantada pela administração do Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) não foi conduzida de forma participativa, bem como esteve permeada por princípios da racionalidade técnica instrumental. A matriz para análise se sustenta em alguns pressupostos teóricos que analisam os programas descentralizantes, demonstrando a importância da política de descentralização de recursos financeiros para as escolas (CAMARGO, 1997) e compreendendo que a tendência de universalização das políticas de assistência financeira automática indica a insuficiência de recursos financeiros para alcançar resultados redistributivos que surtam efeitos de equalização de oportunidades educacionais nas escolas (FARENZENA, 2010), de modo que esses programas compõem a política de financiamento educacional que, em última instância, visa assegurar a política macroeconômica do Estado (CRUZ, 2009). Os dados coletados foram organizados em quatro chaves de análise, a saber: a) a gestão da escola na visão dos agentes escolares; b) mecanismos de gestão democrática e a participação da comunidade escolar; c) a participação da comunidade da escola na gestão dos recursos financeiros descentralizados; d) as decisões e as estratégias de gestão dos recursos financeiros nas escolas. Os resultados revelam que a política de descentralização de recursos financeiros elaborada na gestão do PT, embora demonstrasse limitações quanto às formas de gestão participativa, repercutiu positivamente entre os sujeitos das escolas, sem, contudo, contribuir para alterar as práticas de gestão patrimonialista que visam excluir os pais e alunos das decisões tomadas pela escola. / This study aims at the funding and democratic administration of public education. Its main focus is an analysis of municipal policy for decentralized school funding resources in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, between 2005 and 2008. Such policy analysis assesses its contributions to a democratic school administration. A descriptive-analytical methodology was applied to this study. It included an analysis of documents (produced in the municipal district: minutes, reports, work plans, legislation, etc.; and in the federal departments, especially FNDE / MEC, through reports, budgets, legislations, etc.) andinterviews with different subjects municipal managers, parents, students, teachers and principals of two municipal public elementary schools. The focus was on policies and the administration of decentralized funding resourcesto assess how and when community practicesare needed for the democratization of schooladministration. The first hypothesis shows that the policies for decentralization of funding resources in Dourados municipal schools, implemented by the PT(Workers Party) administration within that period, were not based on community practices. Actually, they were based on principles of instrumental/technical rationality. Three points were taken into consideration in this study: the importance of decentralization policies for schoolfunding resources (CAMARGO, 1997); the assessment of redistributed resources which balanced education opportunities in schools (FARENZENA, 2010); and education funding policies thatwere coherent to the Brazilian macroeconomicpolitics (CRUZ, 2009). Collected data were organized in four (04) analysis groups: a) the school administration from the school agents\' point of view; b) the mechanisms of democratic administration and the participationof the school community; c) the participation of the school communityin the administration of decentralized funding resources; d) administration decisions and strategies for school funding resources. The results show that the decentralization policies for the funding resources developed during the PT administration, although limited as far as community administration is concerned, had positively feedback from the subjects in schools. However, it did not contribute to change the property management practices, which leave parents and students out of the decisions taken by the school administration.

Orientador: Solange Maria Corder / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T19:27:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucafo_BeatrizHelenaSbrissa_M.pdf: 1728606 bytes, checksum: 8b12f247325bcde8abee6bbb3e1d2ada (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar se a entrada das empresas no Sistema de Ciência e Tecnologia, a partir da reforma da Política no âmbito do Ministério de Ciência e Tecnologia (atual Ministério de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação - MCTI), resultou em mudanças na lógica de aplicação dos recursos do Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (FNDCT). A análise se pauta nos recursos não reembolsáveis aplicados pelas Agências de Financiamento vinculadas ao MCTI - a Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (Finep) e o Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). Foram verificados os projetos contratados que tiveram a participação de empresas: projetos cooperativos, isto é, projetos realizados por instituições de ciência e tecnologia (ICTs) em parceria com empresas e projetos de subvenção direta. Os resultados encontrados e analisados baseiam-se nas informações divulgadas pelo MCTI, para o período 1999 - 2012, e que foram estruturadas em uma nova base de dados. Os projetos cooperativos foram selecionados segundo a presença de "intervenientes", como são conhecidos os parceiros das ICTs na linguagem dos contratos. No caso da subvenção, também foram selecionados e analisados os projetos contratados. Para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho, foram revisados diversos estudos presentes na literatura especializada, documentos oficiais das Agências públicas de financiamento e do próprio MCTI e demais trabalhos coletados em mídias eletrônicas. Foram levantados dados e informações estatísticas em documentos disponibilizados pela Finep e na pesquisa de inovação tecnológica (Pintec/IBGE), em suas várias edições. Os avanços na Política de CT&I foram significativos desde a reforma do final dos anos 90, mas conclui-se que a participação das empresas no acesso aos recursos não reembolsáveis foi bastante modesta, no período analisado. Apesar do volume expressivo de projetos contratados nos últimos 13 anos, foram poucos os projetos cooperativos e de subvenção financiados com recursos dos fundos setoriais - pouco mais de 2.000. Na maioria dos casos, os fundos setoriais foram pouco explorados para apoiar projetos de maior envergadura e promover a parceria ICT-empresa. Nesse sentido, não houve mudança expressiva na lógica de aplicação dos recursos do FNDCT / Abstract: The aim of this study is to analyze whether the entry of firms in the Science and Technology System, starting from policy reform under the Ministry of Science and Technology (now Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation - MCTI), has resulted in changes in the logic application of resources of the National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development (FNDCT). The analysis is related to non-refundable resources applied by funding agencies linked to the MCTI - the Financier of Studies and Projects (FINEP) and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq). Only contracted projects which involved the participation of firms were analyzed: cooperative projects, i.e., projects conducted by institutions of science and technology (ICT) in partnership with firms and projects that had received direct subvention. The findings are based on information released by MCTI for the period 1999-2012, which were analyzed and structured into a new database. Cooperative projects were selected according to the presence of "intervening" as the partners of ICT are known in the language of contracts. The projects of subvention were also selected and analyzed according to the contracts. In order to develop this work several studies were reviewed from the literature, official documents of public funding agencies and MCTI, as well other collected papers in electronic media. The data and statistical information were collected in documents available by FINEP and other sources, such as technological innovation survey (Pintec/IBGE), in their several editions. The advances in Science, Technology and Innovation Policy (PCTI) were meaningful since the reform occurred in the late 90s, nevertheless the involvement of firms in accessing non-refundable resources was quite limited in the analyzed period. Despite the significant amount of contracted projects in the last 13 years, the amount of cooperative and subvention projects financed with resources from the sectorial funds were unimpressive - just over 2.000. In most cases, sectorial funds have been poorly explored to support larger projects and promote ICT-firms partnership. As a result, there was no significant change in the logic application of resources of FNDCT / Mestrado / Politica Cientifica e Tecnologica / Mestra em Política Científica e Tecnológica

The aim of the diploma thesis is funding of the municipalities by the South Moravian Region. The theoretical part defines the technical terms such as fiscal federalism, public administration and funding. The practical part explores whether the funding is provided in compliance with the general terms and conditions. This work is aiming to define the parameters which form the basis of comparison of the information about municipal funding available on the South Moravian Region website with the actual terms and conditions under which the funding is provided. Through the analysis explained herein it has been proven that in majority of cases the region does not abide by the terms of the funding as available online. The lack of required information in the terms on the region's website gives the impression that the funding process is rather opaque. Additionally, we further examine whether political affiliation of mayors in municipalities of the region is a factor determining the size of the actual funding provided by the region. The result of this analysis is negative which concludes that political affiliation of mayors in the region does not have an impact on the size of the funding provided by the region to its municipalities.

Institutional investors and corporates are constantly looking to achieve double digit yields in relation to investments in traditional real estate assets. With retail, office and residential property under pressure the study set out to determine how hotels perform compared to traditional property investment asset classes in terms of investment yields during different stages of the property cycle, and whether investors (property developers and institutional investment funds) are considering the hospitality sector for investment or diversification of current portfolios. Furthermore, to determine how aligned the commercial banks, Development Funding Institutions (DFI) and Section 12J funds are with funding single hotel assets versus portfolio lending, and what their requirements are. As an exploratory study, interviews were conducted to obtain in- depth and rich information from purposively selected respondents with experience in the sector after completing a preparatory questionnaire. Respondents included property developers, investors, financiers, tour operators and hotel operators. Results confirmed that both developers and investment funds are indeed considering hotels as an alternative investment since the yields are favourable when compared to other asset classes, yet with a longer investment horizon. Hotels required time to stabilise and at this point an expected yield should be higher than 12.5% which is higher than initial yields for traditional commercial properties. Historically, hotels investors were very specific in their investment asset classes and usually purely focused on hospitality assets (specialist investors). This has now changed with an increase in generalist investors coming to the market with exposure in a diversity of asset classes including the hospitality sector. Funding challenges, due to the operational risk associated with Hotel Management Agreements (HMA) is perceived by both financiers and developers or investors. Leases are the preferred income model but are seldom available in the hospitality sector and often those that are made available, may not provide the strong covenants required by financiers and developers/investors. Alternative funding is available in the form of Section 12J VCC’s or from DFI’s but both have their limitations as became apparent in the results. Recommendations for further research include funding challenges for a development or acquisition strategy at a single asset and portfolio level, and expansion to Sub-Saharan Africa as it impacts many investors and international hotels brands with exposure in these regions. / Dissertation (MSc (Real Estate))--University of Pretoria, 2021. / Construction Economics / MSc (Real Estate) / Unrestricted

Construction industry leaders who neglect to implement appropriate project funding strategies harm business operations and lose profits. Inadequate funding is also a significant cause of project failures in the global construction sector. The purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to explore strategies construction project owners use to secure sustainable funding for the successful conclusion of infrastructure projects. The population comprised 5 leaders of organizations owning construction projects in the Middle Eastern Gulf Cooperation Council states, with successful strategies to acquire adequate funding for completing infrastructure projects. Data were collected from semistructured interviews with the business leaders and reports published by prominent organizations involved in funding infrastructure projects. The modern portfolio theory formulated the conceptual framework. Through thematic analysis, 5 themes emerged: address project funding issues promptly, select projects with high returns and low risks, use project financial management processes to manage project funds, apply a project finance structure for large-scale projects, and implement an Islamic finance scheme for eligible projects. The potential contributions of the study include communities benefitting from improved well-being and construction business employees enjoying higher job security, enhanced working conditions, and better standards of living for their families.

Existing research has focused on the financial challenges affecting public libraries and how to improve library efficiency and funding. However, it is unknown how financial diversification could improve the economic fortunes of public libraries. The purpose of this study was to illuminate the unique structural, legal, and operational dynamics associated with adopting a financial diversification strategy in the Clayton County Library System (CCLS), Georgia, and to explore what would support or hinder the implementation of such a strategy. Using modern portfolio theory, the research explored how the CCLS could diversify its funding sources. A qualitative single-case study was conducted to gather information from a sample of library personnel: 2 library directors, 7 assistant directors, 6 branch managers, and 3 grant writers. Budget documents and meeting minutes over a 3-year period were also reviewed. The data were analyzed using a content analysis method, and were coded inductively. Interview data were triangulated with the results of a review of budget documents, meeting minutes, and related literature. Study findings revealed that financial diversification was an effective strategy for the participants in this study, but such diversification would be complex for the broader CCLS because of stakeholders' concerns about CCLS's organizational characteristics, legal frameworks, and management attitudes. The study findings may be used as a basis for further empirical investigations on adoption of financial diversification plans in public libraries. Positive social change is expected to result from this study because it provides useful data to policymakers, library administrators, and other stakeholders seeking ways to sustain public library funding.

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Despite the raise in per-pupil expenditures, the achievement gap between economically advantaged and disadvantaged students continues to increase. Education proponents are scrambling to understand the complexities of local school funding. The No Child Left behind deadline stipulated that all students must be proficient in language arts and mathematics by 2014. The constructivist theory served as the conceptual framework for the study. Performance data were obtained from the State of New Jersey Department of Education and the United States Department of Education. This quantitative study determined whether a significant relationship exists between the allocation of fiscal resources and students' test scores. Improvement District Survey data were obtained from the New Jersey school district. District test results for Grades 6, 7, and 8 in language arts and mathematics from the 2011-2012 school year were used. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed no significant relationship between the allocation of fiscal resources and student achievement other than a significant relationship (25%) between mathematics achievement and educational media services/school library. The Improvement District Survey results revealed that the New Jersey district is capable of aligning their improvement efforts with the barriers and challenges of teachers. These findings have implications for positive social change for education officials by informing their allocation of fiscal resources. This informed approach will support increased student achievement and will add to the current research of allocation patterns and student performance.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / For nonprofit organizations, securing and sustaining funding is essential to survival. Many nonprofit managers see government funding as ideal because of its perceived security (Grønbjerg, 1993; Froelich, 1999). However, there is little evidence to support the claim that such funds actually make nonprofits more sustainable, and some research has even suggested that nonprofits receiving “fickle” government funds are more likely to fail (Hager et al., 2004). The primary purpose of this work is to examine the relationship between government funding and nonprofit failure. Its secondary purpose is to understand the relationships between failure, government funding, and the causes for failure suggested by previous research—instability of the funding source and low funding diversification. To examine these relationships, I chose to use survival analysis and employed the Cox regression technique. Here, I analyzed the NCCS-Guidestar National Nonprofit Research Database, which archives nonprofit IRS filings from 1998 to 2003. This data set is noteworthy for its level of detail and its comprehensive nature. I found that organizations receiving government funding are less likely to fail, especially if this funding is part of a balanced portfolio. Organizations with higher percentages of nonprofit funding and organizations with less diversified overall portfolios do not. Furthermore, nonprofit organizations with less diversified portfolios were more likely to fail, and, among organizations receiving government funding, those with the highest percentage of their revenue from the government were more likely to fail than their counterparts with less funding.