[pt] Este trabalho se desenvolve em três etapas, nas quais o contato entre Lima Barreto e Nietzsche caminha do contato do primeiro com as obras do segundo ao que há de mais profundo na forma como os dois autores constroem o mundo, um no final do século XIX, o outro no início do século XX. O escritor carioca, imerso em um contexto intelectual fervilhante nas primeiras décadas do século, teve contato com as correntes filosóficas mais importantes que circulavam no Rio de Janeiro do período. Tornou-se quase inevitável o contato com as obras de Nietzsche, que desde fins da década de 1890 tornara-se fenômeno no mundo intelectual, sendo absorvido por segmentos letrados específicos que usavam suas obras como embasamento de renovações estéticas e morais. Nesse contexto, Lima Barreto rechaça o pensamento nietzschiano como o que havia de mais vil, burguês e contrário aos ideais de solidariedade e comunidade que pregava. Contudo, uma leitura mais atenta permite entrever, por trás do debate público, uma relação mais imbricada entre a forma como os dois autores entendem a existência em um mundo que parecia fragmentar-se. A repetição nas anotações de Lima Barreto da frase do prólogo do Zaratustra nos abre uma leitura em que a perspectiva da construção do Eu – em uma literatura que caminha entre a complexidade de um mundo de aparência e o processo trágico de dissolução do sujeito – apontam para a crítica ao idealismo e para a fundamentação artística de um mundo em devir, seja nas exortações de Zaratustra, seja no caminhar de Gonzaga de Sá. / [en] This work is developed in three stages, in which the contact between Lima Barreto and Nietzsche moves from the contact of the former with the works of the later to what is most profound in the way the two authors build the world, one in the late nineteenth century, the other in the early twentieth century. The writer from Rio de Janeiro, immersed in a vibrant intellectual context in the first decades of the century, had contact with the most important philosophical currents that circulated in Rio de Janeiro at that time. Contact with Nietzsche s works became almost inevitable, as since the late 1890s he had become a phenomenon in the intellectual world, being absorbed by specific literate segments that used his works as a basis for aesthetic and moral renewals. In this context, Lima Barreto rejects Nietzsche s thought as the most vile, bourgeois and contrary to the ideals of solidarity and community that he preached. However, a closer reading allows us to glimpse, behind the public debate, a more intertwined relationship between the way in which the two authors understand existence in a world that seemed to be fragmenting. The repetition in Lima Barreto s notes of the sentence in the prologue of Zarathustra opens up a reading in which the perspective of the construction of the Self – in a literature that walks between the complexity of a world of appearance and the tragic process of dissolution of the subject – points to the critique of idealism and the artistic foundation of a world in the process of becoming, whether in Zarathustra s exhortations or in the wandering of Gonzaga de Sá.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:18:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao parte 1 Pammila Japiassu.pdf: 6094546 bytes, checksum: 79242a16f08c8b4ca8b8d6b2112d1cda (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-16 / The historical glazed tiles facades are an important luso-brazilian cultural expression that must be conserved and preserved. The bonding loss of glazed tiles to laying mortars is one of the most critical pathologic manifestations of this kind of coating. However, despite this importance, there‟s still a lack of studies about the bonding mechanism between this historical components. Accordingly, this dissertation proposed to perform an experimental and exploratory research, which the main objective is to give some contribution to the understanding of the ancient tile‟s bonding mechanism to the aerial lime-based mortar of historical buildings facade. For this, were analyzed samples of facade historical ceramic coating, between the late XIX and early XX century, of Ovar‟s buildings, in Portugal. In order to reproduce the historical bonding mechanism, were also analyzed ceramic coating applied in laboratory studying mortars of rehabilitation. In the first stage, were analyzed the ceramic coating and the mortars historic of three cases, as well was performed the interface‟s study between this two materials. In the second stage, were produced ceramic coatings in laboratory using tiles (similar to the historical ones) and four types of mortars of rehabilitation, composed by aerial lime, metakaolin and sand, varying the content of pozolana in 0%, 5%, 10% e 15%, replacement of lime in volume. In this stage, were characterized the tile, the raw materials of the mortar, and mortar in the fresh and hardened. Finally, yet was studied the interface between the glazed tile and the mortar of rehabilitation, in order to compare this one to the historical one. It was observed in the analysis of the historical ceramic coatings that the values of bond strength and of extension of bond were more related to the agregates granulometry than to the binder/aggregate of the laying mortars. In the case of the ceramic coatings molded in laboratory, it was found the influence of the metakaolin content in the rehabilitation mortars in bond strength. It was also observed a possible influence of the shape of the tile‟s back surface in the bonding of ceramic coatings. By the analysis in the SEM was identified the morphology of the products of carbonation and possible pozzolanic reactions in the studied mortars, that contributing to the increased bond strength of these materials. / Os azulejos históricos em fachada são uma importante expressão cultural luso-brasileira, que deve ser conservada e preservada. A perda de aderência dos azulejos à argamassa de assentamento é uma das manifestações patológicas mais graves desse tipo de revestimento. No entanto, apesar dessa importância, ainda existe uma carência de estudos sobre o mecanismo de aderência entre esses componentes históricos. Nesse sentido, essa dissertação se propôs a realizar uma pesquisa exploratória e experimental, cujo objetivo principal é dar contribuição ao entendimento do mecanismo de aderência dos azulejos antigos à argamassa à base de cal aérea de fachada de edificações históricas. Para tanto, foram analisadas amostras de revestimentos cerâmicos históricos de fachada, entre o final século XIX e início do século XX, de edificações de Ovar, em Portugal. No intuito de reproduzir o mecanismo de aderência histórico, foram analisados também revestimentos cerâmicos aplicados em laboratório estudando argamassas de reabilitação. Na primeira etapa, foram caracterizados os azulejos e as argamassas históricas de três casos, bem como realizado o estudo interface entre esses dois materiais. Na segunda etapa, foram produzidos revestimentos cerâmicos em laboratório utilizando azulejos (similares aos históricos) e quatro tipos de argamassas de reabilitação, compostas por cal aérea, metacaulim e areia, variando o teor de pozolana em 0%, 5%, 10% e 15%, de substituição da cal em volume. Nesta etapa, foram caracterizados o azulejo, as matérias-primas da argamassa, assim como argamassa no estado fresco e endurecido. Por fim, ainda foi estudada a interface entre o azulejo e a argamassa de reabilitação, visando compará-la com a histórica. Observou-se na análise dos revestimentos cerâmicos históricos que os valores de resistência de aderência e de extensão de aderência estavam mais relacionados à granulometria dos agregados do que à relação aglomerante/agregado das argamassas de assentamento. No caso dos revestimentos cerâmicos moldados em laboratório, constatou-se a influência do teor de metacaulim nas argamassas reabilitação na resistência de aderência. Foi observada também uma possível influência da muratura do tardoz do azulejo na aderência dos revestimentos cerâmicos. Pelas análises no MEV foi identificada a morfologia de produtos de carbonatação e de possíveis reações pozolânicas nas argamassas estudadas, que contribuem para o aumento da resistência de aderência dessas.

The object of this diploma thesis is the processing of technical documentation for a implementation of Halls of Residence with Refectory and collective parking. The building is without cellar, has seven aboveground floors and a flat vegetation roofs. Supporting system consists a reinforced concrete frame with steel concrete stiffening cores, filling walls are made of ceramic blocks. The whole building is insulated. The facade is ventilated, aluminum cartridges.

This diploma thesis addresses the project documentation of a autosalon. This building is situated in the region Vysočina, the city Jihlava. Autosalon is projected for a car dealerdealership and a comon administration. Building has two floors. Structure is column beam system. Building is covered with flat roof.

Sammanfattning Denna studie undersöker möjligheten att använda återanvänt trä från rivningsvirke i prefabricerade fasadsystem, med fokus på att minska bygg- och fastighetssektorns koldioxidutsläpp. Syftet är att med hjälp av finita elementmetoden (FEM) modellera och dimensionera fasadelement som kan användas i FÅTT-projektet och Arctic Center of Energy (ACE) i Skellefteå. Studien jämför mekaniska egenskaper mellan gammalt och nyproducerat trä samt undersöker hur fuktinducerade rörelser påverkar fasadelementen. Studiens resultat visade på att Fasadelement 1 med dimension 70x195 mm i ramen alternativt Fasadelement 3 med 45x145 i ramen var bäst lämpade för projektet. Resultaten från litteraturstudien visar att återanvänt trä kan uppfylla de nödvändiga kraven för hållbarhet och formstabilitet, vilket innebär att det finns stor potential för industriell produktion av fasadelement med återbrukat virke. Denna studie bidrar med underlag och kunskap för framtida utveckling och användning av hållbara byggmaterial inom byggindustrin. / Abstract This study investigates the potential of using reclaimed wood from demolition waste in prefabricated facade systems, aiming to reduce carbon emissions in the construction and real estate sector. The purpose is to model and design facade elements using the Finite Element Method (FEM) for the FÅTT-project and the Arctic Center of Energy (ACE) in Skellefteå. The study compares the mechanical properties of old and newly produced wood and examines how moisture-induced movements affect the facade elements. The results of the study showed that Facade Element 1 with dimensions 70x195 mm in the frame or alternatively Facade Element 3 with 45x145 mm in the frame were best suited for the project. The findings from the literature review show that reclaimed wood can meet the necessary requirements for durability and dimensional stability, indicating significant potential for industrial production of facade elements using recycled wood. This study provides insights and a solid foundation for future development and use of sustainable building materials within the construction industry.

The consumption of heating energy in existing buildings represents a large share of total national energy consumption and therefore contributes significantly to the production of climate-damaging CO2. In order to stop climate change and make a substantial contribution to climate protection, heating energy consumption must therefore be reduced urgently. The most effective way to do this is to maintain and renovate uninsulated buildings. Thermal insulation is and remains one of the most important measures for reducing energy demand in buildings. Interior insulation has become increasingly important in recent years. This is due to the fact that a considerable part of the building stock, which can easily be insulated from the outside, has already been renovated. On the other hand, the proportion of remaining buildings where, for various reasons, only interior insulation is possible or even more advantageous, is becoming larger and larger. The surface area of the exterior walls accounts for a large proportion of the total building and thus of the potential for energy optimisation. In order to achieve optimal renovation success, the presented concept is developed on the basis of the existing condition of the building.:1 Introduction 1 2 Planning phases 2 3 Façade renovation concept 5 Monument status 5 Documentation of the condition of the façade 5 General measures on the existing structure 6 Notes on driving rain / splash water protection 10 Measures for plaster facades 15 Measures for exposed masonry 16 4 Development of an insulation concept 19 Determination of desired insulation standard 19 Selection of possible insulation systems 20 Overview of the most important evaluation criteria 28 Hygrothermal behaviour of typical insulation systems 28 5 Dimensioning and verification 29 Verification free / deemed to satisfy interior insulations according to DIN 4108-3 30 Simplified verification for internal insulation 30 Extension of the simplified verification – classification of vapour permeable, capillary-active insulation systems 31 Verification by hygrothermal simulation 34 Simulation tables for typical applications / approvals by manufactures 36 6 Dimensioning / execution of connection details 37 General dimensioning recommendations 37 Typical connection details 39 Selection criteria for the detailed design 40 Constructive tips for interior insulation measures 43 Hygrothermal simulation of connection details 46 7 Literature 47 A Appendix 49 Description of waterproofing systems 49 Insulation systems investigated for hygrothermal behaviour (from EnEffID) 53 Preparation of a simplified verification according to WTA guideline 6-4 57 Boundary conditions for the simplified verification for the classification of vapour permeable, capillary-active insulation materials 58 Evaluation of the classification of vapour permeable, capillary-active insulation materials 59 Characteristic values, boundary conditions and evaluation criteria for hygrothermal simulations 60 Application example for a one-dimensional hygrothermal design 63 Application examples for the hygrothermal design of connection details 67 Typical connection details 74 Flowchart Facade renovation concept 101 Flowchart Insulation concept 102

Der Verbrauch von Heizenergie in Bestandsgebäuden stellt einen großen Anteil am gesamten nationalen Energieverbrauch dar und trägt deshalb maßgeblich zur Produktion von klimaschädlichem CO2 bei. Um den Klimawandel aufzuhalten und einen substanziellen Beitrag zum Klimaschutz zu leisten, muss deshalb der Heizenergieverbrauch dringend reduziert werden. Dies geschieht am effektivsten durch den Erhalt und die energetische Sanierung von ungedämmten Gebäuden. Wärmedämmung ist und bleibt eine der wichtigsten Maßnahmen zur Senkung des Energiebedarfs im Gebäudebereich. Dabei gewinnt die Innendämmung in den letzten Jahren immer mehr an Bedeutung. Dies liegt daran, dass ein nennenswerter Teil des Gebäudebestands, der leicht von außen gedämmt werden kann, bereits saniert ist. Der Anteil der verbleibenden Gebäude, bei denen aus verschiedenen Gründen nur eine Innendämmung möglich oder auch vorteilhafter ist, wird im Gegenzug immer größer. Die Fläche der Außenwände nimmt beim Gesamtgebäude und damit beim energetischen Optimierungspotenzial einen großen Anteil ein. Um einen optimalen Sanierungserfolg zu erzielen, erfolgt die Konzepterstellung auf Grundlage des vorgefundenen Zustandes des Bestandsgebäudes.:1 Einleitung 1 2 Planungsphasen 2 3 Fassadensanierungskonzept 5 3.1 Denkmalstatus 5 3.2 Dokumentation des Fassadenzustandes 5 3.3 Generelle Maßnahmen an der Bestandskonstruktion 6 3.4 Hinweise zum Schlagregen- / Spritzwasserschutz 10 3.5 Maßnahmen bei Putzfassaden 15 3.6 Maßnahmen für Sichtmauerwerk 16 4 Erstellung eines Dämmkonzeptes 19 4.1 Festlegung des gewünschten Dämmstandards 19 4.2 Auswahl möglicher Dämmsysteme 20 4.3 Überblick über die wichtigsten Bewertungskriterien 28 4.4 Hygrothermisches Verhalten typischer Dämmsysteme 28 5 Dimensionierung und Nachweis 29 5.1 Nachweisfreie bzw. als erfüllt erachtete Konstruktionen gemäß DIN 4108-3 30 5.2 Vereinfachter Nachweis für Innendämmungen 30 5.3 Erweiterung des vereinfachten Nachweises - Klassifizierung diffusionsoffener kapillaraktiver Dämmsysteme 31 5.4 Nachweis durch hygrothermische Simulation 34 5.5 Simulationstabellen für typische Anwendungsbereiche / Freigaben durch Hersteller 36 6 Dimensionierung / Ausführung von Anschlussdetails 37 6.1 Allgemeine Dimensionierungsempfehlungen 37 6.2 Typische Anschlussdetails 39 6.3 Auswahlkriterien für die Detailbemessung 40 6.4 Konstruktive Hinweise bei Innendämmmaßnahmen 43 6.5 Hygrothermische Simulation von Anschlussdetails 46 7 Literaturverzeichnis 47 A Anhang 49 A I Beschreibung von Abdichtungssystemen 49 A II Untersuchte Dämmsysteme zum hygrothermischen Verhalten (aus EnEffID) 53 A III Erstellung eines vereinfachten Nachweises nach WTA-Merkblatt 6-4 57 A IV Randbedingungen für den vereinfachten Nachweis zur Klassifizierung diffusionsoffener, kapillaraktiver Dämmmaterialien 58 A V Auswertung der Klassifizierung diffusionsoffener, kapillaraktiver Dämmmaterialien 59 A VI Kennwerte, Randbedingungen und Bewertungskriterien für hygrothermische Simulationen 60 A VII Anwendungsbeispiel für eine eindimensionale hygrothermische Bemessung 63 A VIII Anwendungsbeispiele für die hygrothermische Bemessung von Anschlussdetails 67 A IX Typische Anschlussdetails 74 A X Ablaufschema Fassadensanierungskonzept 101 A XI Ablaufschema Dämmkonzept 102

This paper discusses the problems associated with modeling hinged ventilated facades and optimizing work with them in the Autodesk Revit environment. This work was carried out in order to propose a solution to reduce the labor and time costs of designing modular hinged facade systems. The result of the work is the writing of instructions for modeling HFS according to a modular scheme and evaluating the effectiveness of design, taking into account the optimization of the design processes of modular HFS. / В данной работе рассматриваются проблемы, связанные с моделированием навесных вентилируемых фасадов и оптимизацией работы с ними в среде Autodesk Revit. Данная работа проведена с целью предложения решения по сокращению трудовых и временных затрат проектирования модульных навесных фасадных систем. Результатом работы является написание инструкции по моделированию НФС по модульной схеме и оценка эффективности проектирования с учетом оптимизации процессов проектирования модульных НФС.

В данной работе рассматриваются проблемы, связанные с моделированием навесных вентилируемых фасадов и автоматизацией работы с ними в среде Autodesk Revit. Данная работа проведена с целью разработки скрипта для автоматизации расстановки фасонных элементов навесных вентилируемых фасадов. Для достижения цели были поставлены следующие задачи: рассмотреть степень изученности навесных фасадных систем в ТИМ, описать методику моделирования навесных фасадных систем по классической схеме, создать семейства откосов и отлива, написать скрипт и проверить его работоспособность. Результатом работы является Dynamo-скрипт, размещающий фасонные элементы, позволяющий уменьшить трудозатраты проектировщиков. / This paper discusses the problems associated with the modeling of hinged ventilated facades and automation of work with them in the Autodesk Revit environment. This work was carried out in order to develop a script for automating the placement of shaped elements of hinged ventilated facades. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: to consider the degree of knowledge of hinged facade systems in TIM, describe the methodology for modeling hinged facade systems according to the classical scheme, create families of slopes and low tide, write a script and check its operability. The result of the work is a Dynamo script that places shaped elements, which reduces the labor costs of designers.

This master´s thesis elaborates a project documentation of sports rehabilitation center in Brno–Bystrc. The building object is four-storeyed and a partial basement. On the basement floor there is a pool with sauna, gym and fitness with support to assist for all activities offered. On the ground floor there is an entrance, reception for accommodation, restaurant and kitchen for the restaurant. The 2nd overground floors is determined by the rehabilitation clinic. On the grand and overground floor are designed sanitary appliances for the restaurant and patient surgeries. There are projected 9 apartments for weekend accommodation. Apartments allow access to the terrace. Foundations are made strip foundations. The building object is bricked and insulated with ventilated facades. Load bearing structure of the roof create roof trusses.