Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T21:58:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_10834_DISSERTAÇÃO - FINAL_Ivan.pdf: 3037729 bytes, checksum: 68211b54960caf2a6fb162c0f66c89c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-11 / No presente trabalho avaliou-se a influência dos contraíons de sais Cu2+ (acetato e cloreto) e as condições de síntese (temperatura, tempo e concentração) sobre o rendimento da reação do MOF-199, uma rede metalorgânica bem conhecida. Para tanto, foi realizado um planejamento fatorial com três parâmetros de síntese: temperatura, tempo e concentração de Cu2+, variando em dois níveis (mínimo e máximo), resultando em uma análise combinatória, em que cada experimento consistiu em uma configuração diferente dos fatores em seus respectivos níveis, o que levou a uma batelada de 23 = 8 experiências, para cada contraíon. Foram também realizadas sínteses com valores médios de cada parâmetro de reação, totalizando 9 sínteses para cada contraíon. O rendimento do produto da reação foi a variável resposta do planejamento fatorial. Os produtos foram caracterizados por espectroscopia de absorção vibracional na região do infravermelho, análise termogravimétrica e difração de raios X de pó. As técnicas analíticas confirmaram a obtenção de MOF-199. A temperatura nas sínteses com cloreto de Cu2+ foi a única variável significativa nos rendimentos de reação. As sínteses realizadas com acetato de Cu2+ proporcionaram rendimentos mais elevados em comparação ao cloreto de Cu2+, embora as condições de síntese não tenham sido significativas.

Factorial design has played a prominent role in the field of experimental design because of its richness in both theory and application. It explores the factorial effects by allowing the arrangement of efficient and economic experimentation, among which orthogonal design, uniform design and some other factorial designs have been widely used in various scientific investigations. The main contribution of this thesis shows the recent advances in the classification and selection of orthogonal designs. Design isomorphism is essential to the classification, selection and construction of designs. It also covers various popular design criteria as necessary conditions, such connection has led to a rapid growth of research on the novel approaches for either detecting the non-isomorphism or identifying the isomorphism. But further classification of non-isomorphic designs has received little attention, and hence remains an open question. It motivates us to propose the degree of isomorphism, as a more general view of isomorphism, for classifying non-isomorphic subclasses in orthogonal designs, and develop the column-wise identification framework accordingly. Selecting designs in sequential experiments is another concern. As a well-recognized strategy for improving the initial design, fold-over techniques have been widely applied to construct combined designs with better property in a certain sense. While each fold-over method has been comprehensively studied, there is no discussion on the comparison of them. It is the motivation behind our survey on the existing fold-over methods in view of statistical performance and computational complexity. The thesis involves five chapters and it is organized as follows. In the beginning chapter, the underlying statistical models in factorial design are demonstrated. In particular, we introduce orthogonal design and uniform design associated with commonly-used criteria of aberration and uniformity. In Chapter 2, the motivation and previous work of design isomorphism are reviewed. It attempts to explain the evolution of strategies from identification methods to detection methods, especially when the superior efficiency of the latter has been gradually appreciated by the statistical community. In Chapter 3, the concepts including the degree of isomorphism and pairwise distance are proposed. It allows us to establish the hierarchical clustering of non-isomorphic orthogonal designs. By applying the average linkage method, we present a new classification of L 27 (3 13 ) with six different clusters. In Chapter 4, an efficient algorithm for measuring the degree of isomorphism is developed, and we further extend it to a general framework to accommodate different issues in design isomorphism, including the detection of non-isomorphic designs, identification of isomorphic designs and the determination of non-isomorphic subclass for unclassified designs. In Chapter 5, a comprehensive survey of the existing fold-over techniques is presented. It starts with the background of these methods, and then explores the connection between the initial designs and their combined designs in a general framework. The dictionary cross-entropy loss is introduced to simplify a class of criteria that follows the dictionary ordering from pattern into scalar, it allows the statistical performance to be compared in a more straightforward way with visualization

Objective: Mindfulness or the full attention state is a factor that contributes to the successful process of aging. This study aims to evaluate the evidence of validity, on the basis of the internal structure, convergent and discriminant validity, reliability and factorial invariance across gender, for the five items Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS-5) within a sample of older adults. Methods: The participants were 323 Peruvian older adults, consisting of 160 women and 163 men, whose average ages were 68.58 (S.D = 7.23) and 68.91 years (S.D = 7.12), respectively. In addition to the MAAS-5, the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 were administered. Results: The Confirmatory Factor Analysis indicates that the one-factor structure of the MAAS-5 presents adequate fit for the total sample (χ2 = 11.24, df = 5, χ2/df = 2.25, CFI =.99, RMSEA =.06 [90%CI:.01,.11]; and SRMR =.025), as well as for the sub-samples of men and women. This one-factor solution presents adequate internal consistency (ω = 80 [95%CI:.76 -.82]) and it is invariant across gender. Regarding convergent validity, high scores in the MAAS are associated with a greater satisfaction with life (r =.88, p<.01 [95%CI:.85,.95]) and less depression (r = −.56, p<.01 [95%CI: −.48, −.77]) in older adults. Conclusions: The preliminary results back the use of the MAAS-5 as a self-report measure of mindfulness that has an adequate unifactorial structure that is reliable and invariant across gender for measuring the full attention state in elderly Peruvians.

Introduction: Owing to its importance in the development and evaluation of health policies in favor of the general population, there is currently a greater interest in the study of well-being. Therefore, a valid and reliable measurement of well-being is necessary. In this context, this study evaluated the evidence of validity based on the internal structure, reliability, and factor invariance by sex of the General Well-Being Index (who-5 wbi). Materials and Methods: A total of 499 university students (female = 271; male = 228) from the city of Trujillo, Peru, participated in the study. A confirmatory factor analysis, reliability by internal consistency, and factor invariance by sex were performed using a multigroup analysis. Results: The confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the 5-dimensional model with 5 correlated errors of items 1 and 4 presented a good fit (χ² = 9.667 [gl = 4], p > 0.05; χ²/gl = 2.416; cfi = 0.994; rmsea = 0.053 [ic90% 0.006–0.097]; srmr = 0.018). In addition, acceptable reliability (ω = 0.758) and factor invariance by sex were reported. Conclusion: The who-5 wbi demonstrated empirical evidence in favor of validity based on internal structure, reliability of scores, and factor invariance that allow for a useful and rapid instrument for measuring subjective well-being in university students.

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El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas (evidencias de validez y confiabilidad) de la ENCAO en trabajadores de una empresa privada del sector de hidrocarburos en Lima Metropolitana. Para esto, se evaluó a una muestra de 384 participantes, 64 % mujeres y 36 % hombres, con edades entre los 19 y los 56 años (M = 29.57 años, DE = 7.33). Como evidencias de validez de la estructura interna del instrumento, se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y un análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC), donde se encontró una estructura de cuatro factores relacionados (formación y cultura organizacional, aprendizaje social, aprendizaje grupal y aprendizaje estratégico individual) con los 21 ítems de la escala, los cuales explicaron el 60.33 % de la varianza total y obtuvieron adecuados índices de bondad de ajuste (χ² = 371.66; χ²/gl = 2.03; CFI = .99; RMSEA = .041). Como fuente de validez externa se obtuvieron correlaciones moderadas (entre .31 y .46) con la variable satisfacción laboral. Los coeficientes alfa de Cronbach de los cuatro factores oscilaron entre .60 y .84. Se concluye que la ENCAO y sus puntuaciones derivadas son una medida válida y fiable para medir el aprendizaje organizacional en el sector laboral evaluado. / Revisón por pares

La reducción pobreza es un tópico importante en la agenda de país que tiene Perú, sin embargo, para 2017 la pobreza aumento un punto porcentual. Del mismo modo, el gasto en programas sociales ha ido en aumento, pero la variación porcentual en el número de hogares pobres ha ido reduciéndose. Esto podría significar que el efecto positivo que estos deberían tener , como lo propone Sachs (2005), está siendo mitigado o eliminado por otro proceso subyacente que no está siendo observado. Este proceso subyacente podría ser síntoma de trampa de la pobreza, para determinar la veracidad de esta afirmación se utilizará como base el trabajo de Carter y Barret (2006), adaptándolo para la base datos de la ENAHO panel. Dicha metodología propone el uso de un índice que mida el nivel de activos de un hogar, y mediante la observación de la dinámica de la función resultante se puede determinar la existencia de una trampa de pobreza a nivel de activos. Los resultados de las estimaciones muestran que no existe una trampa de pobreza, pero la sensibilidad de los datos con respecto a la especificación índice de activos hace que sea necesario una extensión del trabajo con métodos econométricos más recientes. / Poverty reduction is an important topic in Peru's country agenda, however, by 2017 poverty increased by one percentage point. Similarly, spending on social programs has been increasing, but the percentage variation in the number of poor households has been decreasing. This could mean that the positive effect that these should have, as proposed by Sachs (2005), is being mitigated or eliminated by another underlying process that is not being observed. This underlying process could be a symptom of the poverty trap, to determine the veracity of this statement, the work of Carter and Barret (2006) will be used as a basis, adapting it to the database of the ENAHO panel. This methodology proposes the use of an index that measures the level of assets of a household, and by observing the dynamics of the resulting function, the existence of a poverty trap at the asset level can be determined. The results of the estimates show that there is no poverty trap, but the sensitivity of the data with respect to the asset index specification makes an extension of work with more recent econometric methods necessary. / Trabajo de investigación

The Beck Hopelessness Scale was applied in a sample of 971 male and female students, chosen at random sampling from Mexico City, with an average age of 16.75 years. Results were compared to those reported by Beck, Weissman, Lester and Trexler (1974). Results showed adequate reliability (≥ 0.70) in the total sample by gender. Factorial structure matched only in the Affective factor as reported by Beck et al. (1974) with respect to the total sample. Differences in saturation and factorial structure in both sexes were observed. It was concluded that the factor structure of Beck Hopelessness Scale registers different factor structure in the total sample, according to sex. / En una muestra de 971 estudiantes de ambos sexos elegidos en forma aleatoria de la ciudad de México con un promedio de edad de 16.75 anos, se aplicó la Escala de Desesperanza de Beck. Se calculo la consistencia interna y la estructura factorial con el procedimiento reportado por Beck, Weissman, Lester y Trexler (1974) en muestra total y por sexo. Los resultados indicaron confiabilidad adecuada (≥ .70) en la muestra total y por sexo, estructura factorial coincidente solo en el factor Afectivo en la muestra total, y diferencias de saturación y de estructura factorial en ambos sexos. Se concluyo que la Escala de Desesperanza de Beck registra diferente estructura factorial en muestra total y de acuerdo con el sexo.

This study explores the confiability and factorial structure of three scales measuring chronic procrastination: Scale of General Procrastination (EPG. Lay. 1986). Adult Procrastinatio Inventory (lPA. McCown & Johnson as cited in Ferrari. Johnson & McCown. 1995) and the Scale of Procrastination in Decision-Making (PTF. Mann. 1982). The sample included 514 adults between 20 and 65 years of age from Lima. The three scales showed high levels of intemal consistency and factorial analysis showed three factors for EPG and IPA and one factor for PTD A second degree factorial analysis suggested the presence of only one factor based on the grouping of items of the EPG and IPA scales The study did not find theoretically relevant dlfferences in chronic procrastination according to gender, age or education level. However,with respect to socioeconomic status. there were higher levels of chronic procrastmation in the poorest sector / Este estudio explora la confiabilidad y estructura factorial de tres escalas que evalúan la procrastinación crónica: Escala de Procrastinación General (EPG. Lay. 1986). Inventario de Procrastinación para Adultos (lPA. McCown & lohnson como se cita en Ferrari. lohnson & McCown. 1995) y Escala de Procrastinación en la Toma de Decisiones (PTD. Mann. 1982). La muestra estuvo compuesta por 514 adultos entre 20 y 65 años de Lima Metropolitana. Las tres escalas mostraron altos niveles de consistencia interna y los análisis factoriales indicaron una solución de tres factores para EPG e IPA y un solo factor para PTD. Un análisis factorial de segundo orden sugirió la existencia de un sólo factor a la base de las agrupaciones de los ítemes de las escalas EPG e IPA. No se observaron diferencias teóricamente relevantes en la procrastinación crónica según sexo. edad y nivel de instrucción. sin embargo. el estrato socio-económico indicó mayores niveles de procrastinacióncrónica en el sector más pobre.

Asphalt’s fatigue and modulus characteristics play an important role in pavement design. Ultimately they govern the required thickness of asphalt to structurally support heavy vehicles. The thickness of the asphalt layer is a major contributor to the cost of construction. In New Zealand, the design of structural asphalt layers has been a problem for some time and gives rise to two areas of concern. First, the present fatigue failure criterion, the Shell fatigue transfer function, which has been adopted from overseas, not only underestimates the fatigue life of the country’s asphalts, but does not accurately characterise the fatigue behaviour of our local asphalt mixes. Consequently, asphalt thicknesses are overdesigned. Second, asphalt’s fatigue behaviour is influenced by numerous factors and therefore can be difficult to characterise. The primary objective of this thesis is to develop fatigue and modulus models, by carrying out fatigue and modulus tests, to characterise the behaviour of two typical New Zealand structural asphalts. Both resilient and stiffness moduli tests were performed at a range of temperatures and loading rates developing moduli master curves, which predict the asphalt’s modulus for any pavement temperature and vehicle speed. A general full factorial experiment was carried out utilising the four-point flexural beam fatigue test. Tests were carried out at different strain levels, temperatures, and loading rates. An analysis of variance showed that the impacts of strain amplitude, temperature, binder type, the interaction of strain amplitude and temperature, and the interaction of strain amplitude and binder type have a significant effect on fatigue behaviour. The developed models, which account for temperature effects give the pavement engineer the ability to undergo a more accurate assessment of fatigue damage than at present for different climatic temperatures demonstrated by using an incremental damage analysis approach. The research shows that with such characterisation for the given pavement’s design life, thinner and less expensive roads can be constructed in New Zealand.