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31	The fiscal impact of new town and suburban development: an assessment of the effects of Reston and West Springfield on Fairfax County, Virginia Cuthbertson, Ida D. 25 August 2008 (has links) This empirical study of governmental finances of Fairfax County, Virginia, for Fiscal Year 1971 compares revenues and expenditures for two types of communities within its boundaries -- Reston, a growing new town, and West Springfield, a conventional suburb. Among the ten services provided by the County to both communities, education accounted for the largest share of expenditures. On the revenue side the real estate tax was the principal source. Reston's fiscal impact, the ratio of revenues to expenditures, is more favorable for the County than that of West Springfield because of the commercial-industrial tax base present in a new town which is absent from the conventional suburb and because Reston's school-age population differed from West Springfield's. For FY71 West Springfield did not produce revenues equal to expenditures made for it. The reader is cautioned to not project from a single year's fiscal impact to other years or to other communities. Yet the results obtained from these contrasting types of communities within a single governmental jurisdiction cannot be ignored. Implications of this research and recommendations for Fairfax County, governmental decision-makers at local, state and federal levels, and for the Department of Housing and Urban Development are presented. Methodology for estimation of revenues and expenditures for Reston and West Springfield, criteria by which West Springfield was selected, and general descriptions of the two communities and services provided by the County are included. / Master of Urban Affairs LD5655.V855 1973.C88 West Springfield (Va.)
32	Transparency and learning spaces Finau, Emily 08 April 2011 (has links) This thesis explores the various meanings and implications of transparency in architecture and in learning environments in particular. Architectural transparency, achieved through choice of materials and principles of formal composition, creates a diversity of relationships and can facilitate visual, conceptual, and functional clarity as well as offering simultaneous perception of different spaces. It offers a range of phenomenological qualities and so provides an opportunity to explore and complicate such dichotomies as translucency and opacity, openness and closure, and public space and private space. While celebrated throughout modern and contemporary architecture, transparency raises issues of privacy and safety even as it breaks down hierarchies and social boundaries. The research-based design of transparency in a school building necessitates careful planning to achieve a balance between the access to views, natural light, fresh air, and social interaction that transparency may bring and the continuing obligation to provide a safe, secure environment for schoolchildren. Design Expanded meshes Metal fabrics Netherlands Embassy in Berlin Polycarbonate Multi-cinema Rotterdam Koen van Velsen School size Phoenix Union Bioscience High School Oslo International School Betty H. Fairfax High School Blythewood High School Diaphanous metals Fabric Aerogel Schematic Spatial projection Classroom design Patterned carpet Carpet floor plan Rem Koolhaas OMA Plastic Glass Transparent materials School program School design Security Transparent security Two-way One-way Health Safety Activity levels Hormone patterns Attendance Visual Surface Phenomenal Learning environment Classroom Daylighting Ventilation School High school Small school Small school initiative Small learning community High school transformation Therrell High School Atlanta Public Schools Teen depression Blood pressure Transparency in architecture School facilities

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The fiscal impact of new town and suburban development: an assessment of the effects of Reston and West Springfield on Fairfax County, Virginia

Transparency and learning spaces