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1	Space-selective Control of Functional Properties in Transparent Materials by Femtosecond Laser Irradiation / フェムト秒レーザー照射による空間選択的な透明材料の機能性制御 Shimizu, Masahiro 26 March 2012 (has links) Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第16865号 / 工博第3586号 / 新制\|\|工\|\|1542(附属図書館) / 29540 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科材料化学専攻 / (主査)教授平尾一之, 教授三浦清貴, 教授田中勝久 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 Femtosecond Laser transparent materials space-selestive 500
2	Desempenho térmico e visual de elementos transparentes frente à radiação solar / Thermal and visual performance of transparent elements related to the solar radiation Santos, Joaquim Cesar Pizzutti dos 23 August 2002 (has links) A especificação das vedações transparentes é uma das decisões mais complexas no âmbito do projeto arquitetônico. Envolve diversos fatores construtivos e de necessidades humanas relacionadas ao conforto ambiental, associadas a uma grande variedade de produtos disponíveis no mercado. Este trabalho busca facilitar aos projetistas esse processo de especificação, fornecendo valores dos parâmetros de desempenho dos elementos transparentes em relação à análise do conforto térmico e visual, coerentes com a realidade climática brasileira e com a real incidência da radiação solar ao longo do dia. Foram estudados os vidros comuns, laminados e refletivos, e as películas de controle solar, policarbonatos e acrílicos usados em edificações no Brasil. Foi utilizada a análise por espectrofotometria para a obtenção dos valores de refletância, transmitância a absortância para as diferentes regiões do espectro solar, com ângulos de incidência variados. A partir do relacionamento desses resultados, considerando o comportamento similar de variação do Fator do Calor Solar (FCS) e da Transmitância da Luz Visível (Tv) com o ângulo de incidência, foi desenvolvida uma metodologia que possibilita o cálculo simplificado de ganhos de calor e luz natural. / The specification of the transparent elements is one of the most complex decisions in the ambit of the architectural project. It involves several constructive factors and human necessities related to the environmental comfort, associated to a great variety of available products in the market. The aim of this work is to facilitate the specification process to the planners, supplying values of the performance parameters of the transparent elements in relation to the analysis of thermal and visual comfort, coherent with the Brazilian climatic reality and with real incidence of the solar radiation along of the day. It were studied the ordinary, laminate and reflective glasses, the solar control films, policarbonates and acrylic used in Brazilian constructions. The spectrophotometry analysis was used to obtain the reflectance, the transmittance and the absortance values for the different regions of the solar spectrum, with varied incidence angles. Starting from the relationship of those results, considering the similar behavior of variation of the Solar Heat Factor (FCS) and of Transmittance of the Visible Light (Tv) with the incidence angle, it was developed a methodology that facilitates the simplified calculation of heat and natural light gains. Conforto térmico Conforto visual Elementos transparentes Radiação solar Solar radiation Thermal comfort Transparent materials Visual comfort
3	Synthesis and processing of nanocrystalline YAG (Yttrium Aluminium Garnet) ceramics Ramanujam, Prabhu January 2014 (has links) Transparent ceramics are used in a variety of applications such as protective visors, thermo-graphic lens, night vision devices and windowpane of an armed vehicle, missile domes and in aircrafts. Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (YAG, Y3Al5O12) exhibits uniform index of refraction without birefringence owing to its cubic crystal structure and offers a range of optical and mechanical properties that makes it suitable for transparent applications. 620.1
4	Desempenho térmico e visual de elementos transparentes frente à radiação solar / Thermal and visual performance of transparent elements related to the solar radiation Joaquim Cesar Pizzutti dos Santos 23 August 2002 (has links) A especificação das vedações transparentes é uma das decisões mais complexas no âmbito do projeto arquitetônico. Envolve diversos fatores construtivos e de necessidades humanas relacionadas ao conforto ambiental, associadas a uma grande variedade de produtos disponíveis no mercado. Este trabalho busca facilitar aos projetistas esse processo de especificação, fornecendo valores dos parâmetros de desempenho dos elementos transparentes em relação à análise do conforto térmico e visual, coerentes com a realidade climática brasileira e com a real incidência da radiação solar ao longo do dia. Foram estudados os vidros comuns, laminados e refletivos, e as películas de controle solar, policarbonatos e acrílicos usados em edificações no Brasil. Foi utilizada a análise por espectrofotometria para a obtenção dos valores de refletância, transmitância a absortância para as diferentes regiões do espectro solar, com ângulos de incidência variados. A partir do relacionamento desses resultados, considerando o comportamento similar de variação do Fator do Calor Solar (FCS) e da Transmitância da Luz Visível (Tv) com o ângulo de incidência, foi desenvolvida uma metodologia que possibilita o cálculo simplificado de ganhos de calor e luz natural. / The specification of the transparent elements is one of the most complex decisions in the ambit of the architectural project. It involves several constructive factors and human necessities related to the environmental comfort, associated to a great variety of available products in the market. The aim of this work is to facilitate the specification process to the planners, supplying values of the performance parameters of the transparent elements in relation to the analysis of thermal and visual comfort, coherent with the Brazilian climatic reality and with real incidence of the solar radiation along of the day. It were studied the ordinary, laminate and reflective glasses, the solar control films, policarbonates and acrylic used in Brazilian constructions. The spectrophotometry analysis was used to obtain the reflectance, the transmittance and the absortance values for the different regions of the solar spectrum, with varied incidence angles. Starting from the relationship of those results, considering the similar behavior of variation of the Solar Heat Factor (FCS) and of Transmittance of the Visible Light (Tv) with the incidence angle, it was developed a methodology that facilitates the simplified calculation of heat and natural light gains. Conforto térmico Conforto visual Elementos transparentes Radiação solar Solar radiation Thermal comfort Transparent materials Visual comfort
5	CONTRIBUIÇÃO TERMO-ENERGÉTICA DOS FECHAMENTOS TRANSPARENTES EM EDIFÍCIOS COMERCIAIS CLIMATIZADOS ARTIFICALMENTE EM SANTA MARIA-RS / THERMAL ENERGY CONTRIBUTION TO TRANSPARENT CLOSURE IN ARTIFICIALLY CONDITIONED COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS IN SANTA MARIA-RS Zófoli, Giana da Rocha 13 December 2011 (has links) This paper analyzes the influence of the penetration of solar radiation through the transparent closure in consumption of energy for conditioning of the office buildings in the region of Santa Maria-RS, located in the bioclimatic Brazilian zone 2. To do this, simulations were performed in the computational program Design Builder, in a typical office environment in order to evaluate the comparative results obtained with the use of different types of glass (Solar Factor) by different percentages of area of windows and surface guidelines. The glasses used had solar factor ranging from 0.85, 0.70, 0.56 and 0.29, an opening percentage area of 20%, 50% and 80%, while the solar orientation ranged from 0° to 315° at an interval of 45°. It was observed that for the climate of the city of Santa Maria-RS, considering the daytime use of the building, the consumption of energy for cooling process has higher values compared to the heating and that this difference is directly proportional to the solar factor of the glass and the percentage of openings in the facade. Changes that contribute to a reduction of one of these lead to an increased consumption of the other, these should be analyzed jointly in the process of defining the openings, in order to obtain the lowest annual energy consumption. The simulations indicated higher expenditure of energy with heating on the facades oriented to the south, southeast, and southwest, while the higher cost for cooling occurred on facades oriented to the north, northeast, northwest, regardless of the solar factor or percentages of openings in façade. It was observed that, when established constructive guidelines regarding apertures in construction performance standards for buildings, should be considered together the percentage of area openings, Factor Solar glass and solar orientation of the facade, as the exchanges of heat and entry lighting are naturally associated with these factors in an integrated manner. / Este trabalho analisa a influência da radiação solar que penetra pelos fechamentos transparentes no consumo de energia para climatização de edifícios de escritório na região de Santa Maria RS, situado na zona bioclimática 2 brasileira. Para isso, foram realizadas simulações no programa computacional Design Builder, em um ambiente típico de escritório, visando avaliar comparativamente os resultados obtidos com o uso de diferentes tipos de vidro (Fator Solar), mediante diferentes percentuais de área de janelas e orientações de fachada. Os vidros utilizados têm valores de Fator Solar variando de 0.85, 0.70, 0.56 e 0.29, o percentual de área de abertura de 20%, 50% e 80%, enquanto a orientação solar variou de 0° a 315°, com intervalo de 45°. Foi observado, para o clima da cidade de Santa Maria-RS, considerando-se o uso diurno do edifício, que o consumo de energia para resfriamento apresenta valores mais elevados em relação ao aquecimento, e que esta diferença é diretamente proporcional ao Fator Solar do vidro e ao percentual de aberturas na fachada. Mudanças que colaboram para a redução de um destes consumos levam ao aumento do outro, devendo-se analisá-los de forma conjunta, no processo de definição das aberturas, para que se obtenha o menor consumo anual de energia. As simulações indicaram maiores gastos de energia com aquecimento nas fachadas orientadas para sul, sudeste e sudoeste, enquanto os maiores gastos com resfriamento ocorrem com fachadas orientadas a norte, nordeste e noroeste, independente do Fator Solar do vidro ou do percentual de aberturas na fachada. Foi observado que, ao serem estabelecidas diretrizes construtivas referentes a aberturas em normas de desempenho de edificações, devem ser considerados conjuntamente o percentual de área de aberturas, o Fator Solar do vidro e a orientação solar da fachada, pois as trocas de calor e entrada de iluminação natural estão associadas a estes fatores de forma integrada. Materiais Transparentes Design Builder Eficiência Energética Transparent Materials Design Builder Energy Efficiency CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA CIVIL
6	Caractérisation des propriétés thermiques de liquides semi-transparents à haute température : application aux liquides silicatés / Characterization of the thermal properties of semi-transparent liquids at high temperature : Application to molten silicates Meulemans, Johann 20 July 2018 (has links) Le sujet de l'étude concerne la caractérisation des propriétés thermiques de liquides semi-transparents à haute température : les liquides silicatés. La caractérisation de ces matériaux est particulièrement délicate car il faut séparer les contributions des différents modes de transfert thermique (conduction, convection et rayonnement) si l'on veut mesurer des propriétés intrinsèques. Le dispositif expérimental est basé sur une méthode pulsée de type flash. La cellule de mesure, placée au centre d'un four tubulaire, est soumise à une excitation délivrée par un laser continu et l'élévation de température est mesurée à l'aide d'un détecteur infrarouge sur la face opposée à l'excitation. La modélisation du problème direct prend en compte le couplage conducto-radiatif en résolvant l'équation de la chaleur en régime transitoire et l'équation de transfert radiatif (ETR) pour un milieu gris émettant, absorbant et non diffusant à l'aide de la méthode des harmoniques sphériques (approximation P1). La méthode développée permet d'estimer simultanément la diffusivité thermique et un coefficient d'absorption moyen (gris) par méthode inverse. Les résultats expérimentaux obtenus sur des liquides silicatés présentant des propriétés radiatives différentes (i.e., des coefficients d'absorption différents) valident la méthode de caractérisation développée et mise en œuvre dans nos travaux / The study deals with the characterization of the thermal properties of semi-transparent liquids at high temperature: molten silicates. The characterization of such materials is particularly challenging because the contributions of the different heat transfer modes (conduction, convection and radiation) should be accounted for to allow the measurement of intrinsic properties. The experimental setup is based on a transient pulse method derived from the flash method. A heat flux stimulation is generated on the front face of an experimental cell, placed at the center of a tube furnace, with a continuous laser beam and the temperature rise is measured by an infrared detector on the opposite side. The modeling of the direct problem takes into account the conducto-radiative coupling by solving both the heat equation and the radiative transfer equation (RTE) for a gray emitting, absorbing but non-scattering medium with the spherical harmonics method (P1 approximation). The developed method allows to simultaneously estimate the thermal diffusivity and a mean (gray) absorption coefficient by an inverse method. The experimental results obtained on molten silicates with different radiative properties (i.e., different absorption coefficients) validate the characterization method developed and implemented in our work Propriétés thermiques Matériaux semi-transparents Haute température Méthode flash Méthodes inverses Métrologie Thermal properties Semi-transparent materials High temperature Flash method Inverse methods Metrology 621.402 2 536.502 87
7	Aplikace metod rozpoznávání obrazu v defektoskopii / Applied Methods for Transparent Materials Inspection Horák, Karel January 2008 (has links) A lot of production lines contain camera inspection systems that increase quality of production. Therefore this presented work deals with applications of computer image processing methods in defectoscopy. Concretely the thesis is concerned with defects evaluation of glass bottles in food operations by the help of visual system BTCAM612, which is in existing configuration installed inland and in several foreign countries. The system is developed in conjunction with developer company CAMEA Ltd. from Brno and it is its sole ownership. The whole process of bottles inspection is described in sequence. First of all it is the hardware acquisition of images of three main controlled parts of bottles – neck, bottom and side. Next chapters are concentrated on image processing and features classification. The features are obtained from image by methods based on detection of in-homogeneities on glass material. Essential part of work is focused on filtration of synthetic patterns from bottles bottoms using function of complex invariants. These patterns are occurred especially in many plants in eastern countries, where marketplace with inspection systems and generally with quality inspection of industrial lines is expanded lately.
8	Modélisation et simulation du remplissage de moules verriers : "Prise en compte du transfert radiatif" / Modeling and simulation of glass mould filling taking into account radiative transfer Nguyen, Hoang Quan 02 October 2009 (has links) L’objet de ce travail est de proposer un modèle adapté pour la simulation du remplissage de moules qui réponde au meilleur compromis entre temps de calcul et précision des résultats. La difficulté est double. Il faut prendre en compte le phénomène de remplissage qui est un problème complexe à frontières libres et les spécificités liées au Verre : viscosité fortement thermodépendante et température de fusion élevée qui nécessite de prendre en compte le rayonnement. Le Chapitre I est consacrée à la partie écoulement du Verre liquide. La bibliothèque numérique Aquilon/Thétis, adaptée pour traiter ce type de problèmes et les couplages thermique air/verre/parois, a été utilisée (Méthode V.O.F pour le suivi de l’interface, méthodes de type Lagrangien augmenté/Projection vectorielle pour le couplage Vitesse-Pression). Pour l’aspect radiatif, différentes approches sont proposées : conductivité radiative équivalente (Chapitre II), méthode explicite directe pour la validation (Chapitre III) et méthode d’harmoniques sphériques ou méthode PN (Chapitre IV). Dans le Chapitre V, la méthode PN retenue est validée dans des cas simples et est appliquée ensuite à des cas avec couplage convectif en géométries complexes et obstacles semi-transparents (1D, 2D et 3D, 2D axi-symétrique et milieu non gris). Une version P1 modifiée est présentée. Les résultats sont assez proches de ceux donnés par la méthode P3 avec des temps de calcul modestes. L’intérêt de ce modèle est qu’il est facilement intégrable dans des codes numériques existants : une seule équation différentielle du second ordre stationnaire à résoudre en 3D / The aim of this study is to propose an adapted model for the simulation of mould filling that must be a compromise solution between computational time and results accuracy. The double difficulty is to take into account the filling phenomenon that is a complex problem due to the presence of free boundaries and to the Glass specificities: viscosity that is highly thermal dependant and high melting temperature that requires taking into account radiation effects. Chapter I is devoted to the melting Glass flow. The numerical libraries Aquilon/Thétis, adapted for solving such type of problems and the thermal coupling between Air/Glass/Walls, has been used. (V.O.F method for front tracking, Augmented Lagrangian/Vector Projection methods for solving Pressure/Velocity coupling). For radiative aspect, different approaches are proposed: equivalent radiative conductivity (Chapter II), direct explicit method for validation (Chapter III) and spherical harmonics method or PN method (Chapter IV). In the Chapter V, the selected PN method is validated through simple cases and is then applied in other cases with convective coupling in complex geometries including semi-transparent inclusions (1D, 2D and 3D, 2D axi-symmetric and non grey medium). A P1 modified version is presented. The results are close to those given by P3 method but with reduced computational time. The main interest of this model is that it can be easily implemented in existing numerical codes: a single stationary second order partial differential equation to solve in 3D Remplissage moules verriers Matériaux semi-transparents Méthode VOF Lagrangien augmenté Projection vectorielle Transferts radiatifs Conductivité radiative équivalente Méthode explicite directe Méthode des harmoniques sphériques Méthode PN Glass Mould Filling Semi-Transparent Materials VOF Method Augmented Lagrangian Vector Projection Radiative Transfer Equivalent Thermal Conductivity Direct Explicit Method Spherical Harmonics Method PN Method
9	Transparency and learning spaces Finau, Emily 08 April 2011 (has links) This thesis explores the various meanings and implications of transparency in architecture and in learning environments in particular. Architectural transparency, achieved through choice of materials and principles of formal composition, creates a diversity of relationships and can facilitate visual, conceptual, and functional clarity as well as offering simultaneous perception of different spaces. It offers a range of phenomenological qualities and so provides an opportunity to explore and complicate such dichotomies as translucency and opacity, openness and closure, and public space and private space. While celebrated throughout modern and contemporary architecture, transparency raises issues of privacy and safety even as it breaks down hierarchies and social boundaries. The research-based design of transparency in a school building necessitates careful planning to achieve a balance between the access to views, natural light, fresh air, and social interaction that transparency may bring and the continuing obligation to provide a safe, secure environment for schoolchildren. Design Expanded meshes Metal fabrics Netherlands Embassy in Berlin Polycarbonate Multi-cinema Rotterdam Koen van Velsen School size Phoenix Union Bioscience High School Oslo International School Betty H. Fairfax High School Blythewood High School Diaphanous metals Fabric Aerogel Schematic Spatial projection Classroom design Patterned carpet Carpet floor plan Rem Koolhaas OMA Plastic Glass Transparent materials School program School design Security Transparent security Two-way One-way Health Safety Activity levels Hormone patterns Attendance Visual Surface Phenomenal Learning environment Classroom Daylighting Ventilation School High school Small school Small school initiative Small learning community High school transformation Therrell High School Atlanta Public Schools Teen depression Blood pressure Transparency in architecture School facilities

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