A configuração tradicional da família, composta pela família nuclear (pai/homem, mãe/mulher e filhos) vem sofrendo transmutações cada vez mais evidentes durante as últimas décadas. No Brasil, a luta pela normatização social e legislativa do casamento entre pessoas do mesmo sexo vem sendo travada e a vivência da parentalidade tem se tornado parte da luta de casais de mesmo sexo. Nesse sentido, um número crescente de famílias homoparentais passam a ser efetivamente formadas. As Novas Tecnologias Reprodutivas (NTR), assim como a adoção, fazem parte dos meios que esses casais têm utilizado para a concretização do sonho da parentalidade. As NTR são um produto médico de consumo que, ao desvincular sexo e reprodução, coloca esta última como questão de escolha, possibilitando diferentes arranjos parentais via compra de intervenção tecnológica. Dentro desse contexto, o estudo centrou-se nas concepções dos casais de mesmo sexo sobre o uso de NTR na efetivação do projeto de parentalidade. O estudo de natureza qualitativa foi realizado com casais de mesmo sexo, tanto de homens como de mulheres, que tinham o plano de terem filhos ou que já os tivessem tido. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com um grupo de 26 pessoas composto por 12 casais e dois sujeitos (um homem e uma mulher), todos residentes na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, Brasil, entre os anos de 2011 e 2012. Os resultados apontam que os laços biológicos se fazem preponderantes nos discursos dos casais de mulheres, bem como há uma maior tendência destas a utilizarem/quererem utilizar as NTR, principalmente a ROPA (Recepção de Óvulos da Parceira). Os casais de homens, mesmo quando apontam para o desejo de terem um filho geneticamente aparentado, optam pelo recurso da adoção, dentre outros motivos, pelo receio do vínculo que possa ser estabelecido, por meio da gestação, entre a mãe de aluguel e a criança. A análise produzida a partir dos dados empíricos contribui para o debate sobre a relação entre famílias homoparentais e uso de tecnologias médicas. Isso porque problematiza como as NTR incorporam mudanças fundamentais no parentesco contemporâneo ocidental, e como a medicina e a sociedade caminham juntas na construção de novos significados acerca da parentalidade, num movimento em que natureza e cultura imiscuem-se tornando-se cada vez mais difícil e contraprodutivo separá-las / Family\'s traditional configuration, composed by the nuclear family (father/man, mother/woman and children) has been passing through evident transmutations during the last decades. In Brazil, the fight for social and legal standardizations of same-sex marriage has been occurring and the experience of parenthood has become part of the fight of same-sex couples. In this sense, homoparental families begin to be effectively formed. New Reproductive Technologies (NRT), as adoption, make part of the resources that these couples have been using to fulfill their dream of parenthood. NRT are a medical consumer product, which unlinking sex and reproduction make reproduction a matter of choice, enabling different parenthood arrangements through purchase of technological intervention. In this context, the study focused the same-sex couples conceptions about the use of NRT in their parenthood´s project effectiveness. The qualitative study was developed with same-sex couples, both men and women, who had plans to have children or have already had them. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 respondents, composed by 12 couples and two subjects, resident in the metropolitan area of São Paulo, Brazil, between 2011 and 2012. The results point out the preponderance of biological bond in female couples speeches and that there is a tendency of such couples to use/want to use NRT, mainly ROPA (Reception of Oocytes from Partner). Male couples, even when they show the desire to have a genetically related child, choose adoption, among other reasons, for the fear of the bond that may be established through pregnancy between the surrogate mother and the child. The analysis produced from empirical data contributes to the debate about the relationship between homoparental families and the use of medical technologies, once it discusses how NRT incorporate fundamental changes in occidental contemporary kinship and how medicine and society walk together building new meanings to parenthood in a process that nature and culture encroach up, turning increasingly difficult and counter-productive to separate them

Orientador: Anita Liberalesso Neri / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T01:58:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rabelo_DorisFirmino_D.pdf: 1874651 bytes, checksum: 56949a4faa63bfc156e36a99259cab5f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Este estudo verificou a percepção de idosos quanto à configuração familiar (tipo de arranjo familiar, chefia familiar e contribuição dos idosos para o sustento da família) e ao funcionamento de suas respectivas famílias (satisfação com os relacionamentos familiares e clima familiar), considerando-se o gênero, a idade, as condições psicológicas indicadas por depressão e ansiedade e as condições de saúde indicadas por desempenho funcional, por número de doenças, sinais e sintomas e pelo envolvimento social. Foram realizados quatro estudos descritivos para analisar: 1) as relações entre a configuração familiar, o gênero, a idade e as condições psicológicas e de saúde dos idosos; 2) as relações entre a satisfação com os relacionamentos familiares, o gênero, a idade, as condições psicológicas e de saúde dos idosos e a configuração familiar; 3) as relações entre o clima familiar, o gênero, a idade, as condições de saúde física e psicológica e a configuração familiar; 4) as relações entre as características dos idosos em termos de idade, gênero, condições de saúde física e psicológica, a configuração familiar e o funcionamento familiar. A amostra, composta por 134 idosos, foi representativa dos cadastrados no Programa de Saúde da Família de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde do município de Santo Antônio de Jesus - BA. Foram incluídos aqueles que pontuaram acima da nota de corte no Mini-Exame do Estado Mental - MEEM. A coleta dos dados foi feita nos domicílios dos idosos utilizando-se os instrumentos: Questionário de informações sociodemográficas, sobre o envolvimento social e sobre a configuração familiar; Questionário de doenças e de sinais e sintomas autorrelatados; INDEX de Independência nas Atividades de Vida Diária; Escala de desempenho de atividades instrumentais de vida diária; Escala de Depressão Geriátrica - GDS; Inventário de ansiedade de Beck - BAI; APGAR de Família; Inventário do clima familiar - ICF. Foram feitas análises de conglomerados mediante o método da partição, considerando a formação de três agrupamentos. Os resultados sugerem que a percepção do idoso quanto ao clima familiar positivo, seu lugar na hierarquia familiar e o significado desta, a função que ocupam na manutenção financeira da família e suas condições de saúde física e psicológica desempenham papel importante na explicação do funcionamento da família com e de idosos. O funcionamento familiar está mais relacionado às condições de saúde física e psicológica dos idosos do que a arranjos específicos de moradia, à idade ou ao gênero, embora estas variáveis ajudem a modelar os efeitos dessas interações. / Abstract: The aim of this study was verify the elderly perception of the family configuration (household arrangement, family leadership and financial contribution) and the functioning of their respective families (family relationships satisfaction and family climate), considering gender, age, psychological health (depression and anxiety) and physical health (functional performance, number of diseases, signs and symptoms and social involvement). Four descriptive studies was conducted to analyze: 1) relations between the family configuration, gender, age and psychological and physical health; 2) the relationships between family relationships satisfaction, gender, age, psychological and health conditions and the family configuration; 3) relations between the family climate, gender, age, the elderly physical and psychological health conditions and family configuration; 4) the relationships between the characteristics of elderly people in terms of age, gender, physical and psychological health conditions, family configuration and family functioning. The 134 older people sample, was representative of registered in the Health Family Program in a basic health Unit in Santo Antônio de Jesus-Bahia. We included those who scored above the cutoff score on the Mini-Mental State Examination - MMSE. The data collection was made in the elderly households using the tools: demographic information, survey on social involvement and about the family configuration; Diseases survey of self-reported signs and symptoms; INDEX of Independence in activities of daily living; Performance range of instrumental activities of daily living; Geriatric depression scale-GDS; Beck anxiety inventory-BAI; Family APGAR; Family Climate Inventory - ICF. Conglomerates analysis by partition method, considering the formation of three groups, was performed. The results suggest that the elderly perception of positive family climate, his place in the family hierarchy and the significance of this role, financial maintenance of the family and their physical and psychological health conditions play an important role in the explanation of the elderly family functioning. The family functioning is more related to the elderly physical and psychological health conditions than the specific housing arrangements, age or gender, although these variables help to model the effects of these interactions. / Doutorado / Psicologia Educacional / Doutora em Educação

BACKGROUND: Households experiencing "food insecurity" have limited access to food due to a lack of money or resources. Poor nutrition, from food insecurity, can impact physical and cognitive development of children. Study objectives were to document the prevalence of Tennessee child care programs screening for food insecurity, explore differences between programs receiving child and adult care food program (CACFP) funding and those screening for food insecurity, and understand possible burdens food insecurity places on child care families as perceived by child care program directors. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study of licensed Tennessee child care programs, a 10-question survey and four-question follow-up survey were electronically distributed. Analysis included descriptive statistics, a chi-square of programs receiving CACFP funds and screening for food insecurity, and themes analysis of open-ended responses. RESULTS: The average child care program enrollment (N = 272) was 80.16 with programs serving mostly preschoolers (98.53%) and toddlers (91.91%). Over half (56.99%) of programs reported they received CACFP funding, yet only 9.19% screen for food insecurity. Chi-square analysis found that programs receiving CACFP funds differ significantly on whether they screen households for food insecurity [Formula: see text] (1, n = 237) = 16.93, p ≤ 0.001. Themes analysis (n = 41) revealed that many child care program directors do not view food insecurity as a burden for families. CONCLUSIONS: Child care programs receiving CACFP funds are more likely to screen families for food insecurity than programs who do not. Programs indicate a willingness to include food insecurity screening questions on child care paperwork.

Plusieurs recherches traitent de la thématique des devoirs et de son importance dans la scolarisation des enfants. En particulier, des études portent sur l’impact de la participation parentale dans l’aide aux devoirs sur le rendement scolaire des enfants. Cependant, les conclusions de ces études sont souvent contradictoires (Pattal, Cooper et Robinson, 2008). Compte tenu de la difficulté à démontrer l’existence d’une relation positive entre la participation parentale à la réalisation des devoirs à la maison et le rendement scolaire, il apparaît important de mieux comprendre le phénomène de la participation parentale. En ce sens, selon certains chercheurs, la variation de l’effet de la participation parentale sur le rendement scolaire serait due principalement à certaines caractéristiques familiales, personnelles et scolaires de l’enfant. Dans ce contexte, et pour une meilleure compréhension des facteurs associés à la participation parentale, notre étude examine la participation parentale à la réalisation des devoirs à la maison en tenant compte des caractéristiques familiales, personnelles et scolaires des enfants du primaire En premier lieu, la situation de la réalisation des devoirs à la maison est traitée et la participation parentale aux devoirs est analysée en fonction de sa fréquence, de sa durée et du climat relationnel entre l’enfant et le parent lors de ces activités à la maison. En second lieu, la participation des parents à la réalisation des devoirs est examinée en relation avec les caractéristiques familiales (scolarité des parents, revenu et structure de la famille), les caractéristiques personnelles de l’enfant (genre et rendement) et les exigences des enseignants à l’égard des devoirs. Cette recherche utilise une base de données constituée lors de deux enquêtes par questionnaire. La première concerne 192 écoles et 457 enseignants, la deuxième est menée dans 51 écoles auprès de 49 enseignants, 848 élèves de la 6e année du primaire et 521 parents. À l’aide d’analyses descriptives et inférentielles, il est possible de rendre compte des conditions de la participation parentale aux devoirs chez les élèves du primaire et d’identifier les variables familiales, personnelles et scolaires associées à la participation parentale à la réalisation des devoirs de leur enfant. Les résultats de cette étude confirment que la participation des parents à la réalisation des devoirs pourrait varier en fonction des caractéristiques familiales de l’enfant au primaire. De plus, ils montrent que le rendement scolaire de l’enfant est un facteur important à considérer pour juger de la participation parentale aux devoirs. / A considerable amount of research has been devoted to the issue of parental involvement with homework and its importance for children’s education. In particular, studies have focused primarily on how parental homework involvement affects the academic achievement of children. However, these findings are often contradictory (Pattal, Cooper et Robinson, 2008). Given the problems of finding or probing a positive link between parental involvement and academic performance, it is important to better understand this phenomenon. In this line of thought, according to some researchers, the variation of the impact of parental involvement on school performance is mainly due to variables such as family children and schools characteristics. In this context, our study devotes to analyzing the relation between parental involvement and these three factors (family, children and school) for primary school children. First, the status of homework implementation is addressed and parental involvement with homework is analyzed in terms of frequency, duration and the relational climate between parent and child during these activities at home. Second, parents’ involvement is examined in relation to family characteristics (parental education, income, and family structure), personal characteristics (gender and performance) and school characteristics (tasks and homework required by the teacher). This research uses a database from two questionnaire surveys. The first takes place in 192 schools with 457 teachers, the second is conducted in 51 schools with 49 teachers, 848 students in sixth grade and 521 parents. Using descriptive and inferential statistics, it is possible to better determine the conditions of parental involvement in homework with primary school children and to establish which variables (family, children and school) are better predictors of the conditions of parental involvement in their child's homework. The results of this study confirm that the involvement of parents in the fulfillment of homework may vary depending on the family characteristics of children in elementary school. In addition, they show that the academic performance of the child is an important consideration in assessing parental involvement with homework factor.

Abstract The primary aim of this study was to survey attention and behavioural problems among Finnish adolescents living in different family environments. The second aim was to study the psychosocial well-being of these adolescents. The third aim was to study the psychiatric comorbidity of ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) in association with the family environment. The fourth aim was to study the persistence of ADHD from childhood to adolescence. In the first phase, 15-year-old adolescents and their parents from the Northern Finland 1986 Birth Cohort (N = 9432) completed questionnaires on attention and behavioural problems, family characteristics and the life situation of the adolescents. In the second phase, 457 adolescents aged from 16 to 18 years were drawn from the cohort. After assessment with a clinical semi-structured interview, logistic regression models were used to study ADHD and the persistence of the diagnosis and comorbid psychopathology in association with family characteristics. Girls reported more commonly than boys attention and behavioural problems, while their parents reported more attention problems in their sons than daughters. Living in other than intact families was related to attention and behavioural problems in both genders. Adolescents with ADHD symptoms considered their physical health and psychosocial well-being poor more often than their controls. Psychosocial problems accumulated for those with many ADHD symptoms. Adolescents with ADHD had more commonly than others comorbid behavioural disorder, alcohol abuse and depression. Those with ADHD and comorbidity lived more commonly than others in non-intact families, in low-income families, with mothers who were dissatisfied with life and with parents who showed little interest in their adolescent's activities. Persistence of ADHD into adolescence occurred in about two thirds of cases. Those who persisted with the diagnosis compared to those who remitted it had more dreamy-like inattentive symptoms, and had more often early-onset comorbid depression or oppositional defiant disorder and had more often fathers with attention problems. These results indicate that attention and behavioural problems are common among adolescents in Finland, especially among those living in disrupted families. Being a persistent disorder, ADHD warrants more concern in primary health care and the educational system in order to prevent the concurrent development of other psychiatric and psychosocial problems. In primary health care, family intervention is essential. / Tiivistelmä Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli ensiksi selvittää suomalaisten nuorten tarkkaavuuden ja käyttäytymisen ongelmia suhteessa nuoren perherakenteeseen. Toiseksi tutkittiin näiden nuorten psykososiaalista hyvinvointia. Kolmanneksi tavoitteena oli tutkia ADHD:n (tarkkaavuushäiriö) psykiatrisia liitännäissairauksia suhteessa perheympäristöön. Neljäntenä tavoitteena oli tutkia ADHD:n pysyvyyttä lapsuudesta nuoruuteen. Tutkimuksen ensimmäisessä vaiheessa Pohjois-Suomen vuoden 1986 syntymäkohorttiin kuuluvat 15-vuotiaat nuoret (N = 9 432), ja heidän vanhempansa täyttivät kyselylomakkeet. Kysymykset koskivat nuoren tarkkaavuuden ja käyttäytymisen ongelmia, perheympäristöä ja nuoren elämäntilannetta. Toisessa vaiheessa tutkittiin 457 16–18-vuotiasta kohorttiin kuuluvaa nuorta. Nuoret arvioitiin käyttäen puolistrukturoitua kliinistä haastattelua. Logistisia regressiomalleja käytettiin kuvaamaan ADHD-diagnoosia ja sen pysyvyyttä sekä psykiatrisia liitännäissairauksia suhteessa perheympäristöön. Tytöt raportoivat poikia useammin tarkkaavuuden ja käyttäytymisen ongelmista, kun taas vanhemmat raportoivat tarkkaavuuden ongelmia olevan useammin pojilla kuin tytöillä. Perhetaustaltaan muu kuin ydinperhe oli yhteydessä tarkkaavuuden ja käyttäytymisen ongelmiin sekä tytöillä että pojilla. Nuoret, joilla oli ADHD-oireita, pitivät terveyttään ja psykososiaalista hyvinvointiaan huonona useammin kuin nuoret, joilla näitä oireita ei ollut. Psykososiaaliset ongelmat kasaantuivat niillä nuorilla, joilla oli paljon ADHD-oireita. Myös käyttäytymishäiriöistä, alkoholin väärinkäytöstä ja masennuksesta kärsivät muita useammin nuoret, joilla havaittiin ADHD. Nuoret, joilla oli ADHD ja edellä mainittu liitännäissairaus, asuivat muita useammin muussa kuin ydinperheessä, alemman tulotason perheessä, äidin kanssa, joka oli tyytymätön elämäänsä tai vanhempien kanssa, jotka eivät olleet kiinnostuneet nuorensa asioista. ADHD-diagnoosi pysyi nuoruuteen noin kahdella kolmasosalla niistä, joilla se oli lapsuudessa. Niillä nuorilla, joilla diagnoosi pysyi, oli muita useammin unelmoivasta hajamielisyydestä kertovia tarkkaamattomuusoireita, varhain alkanut masennus- tai käyttäytymishäiriö tai isä, jolla oli itsellään ADHD-oireita. Nämä tulokset osoittavat, että tarkkaavuuden ja käyttäytymisen ongelmat ovat yleisiä suomalaisilla nuorilla, ja erityisesti niillä, jotka asuvat muussa kuin ydinperheessä. Koska ADHD on pysyvä häiriö, se tulee ottaa paremmin huomioon perusterveydenhuollossa ja koulumaailmassa, jotta voitaisiin ehkäistä muita psykiatrisia ja psykososiaalisia ongelmia. Perusterveydenhuollossa erityisesti perheinterventiot ovat tärkeitä.

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This dissertation is focusing on definitions of some typical features of a family unit and its impact on their child´s free time use. These aspects are for e.g. completeness of the family, child´s status among their brothers and sisters, level of parents´ education and the social strata of parents. The dissertation is divided into theoretical and practical part. In the beginning of the theoretical part the question of family, definition according to the number of members, and other features implicated from the family status are being discussed. Second part concern the free time and children´s education out of school. The theory is followed by purely practical part of my dissertation in which I conduct a research. The main question for my research was if the above mentioned aspects of the family unit can have an impact on the way a child spends their free time. Results of this probe have been concluded and demonstrated by graphs and tables at the end of the dissertation.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:33:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosangela Maria Pontili.pdf: 8362339 bytes, checksum: d83c1250e166acbe5bf73d73fa50e0f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-17 / Fundação Araucária / Achieving universal primary education in Brazil constitutes in one of the main goals in the education area, that facts and several studies prove the positive influence of educational level on the economic well-being of an individual. Therefore, this thesis was proposed to analyze the determinants of the school abandonment and also the educational backwardness, regarding to teenagers aged among 14 - 17, from south of Brazil. Specifically, the intention was to investigate the influence of individual and family characteristics as well as the socioeconomic conditions of the municipality, concerning the level of education, and the ideal age to attend high school. Thereby, It was applied the hierarchical logit model to the Census 2010 data, along with other social and economic information that has been obtained through the municipalities average. The econometric analysis was preceded by a Statistical Analysis of Spatial Data (ESDA), as well as a descriptive statistic about school abandonment and the educational backwardness. The main results showed the importance of individual characteristics on educational decision, it was concluded that the boys leave school and are late in one s studies, more often than the girls. The fact of being working increases the chances of abandoning school, however it has the effect of reducing the educational backwardness. Receiving social benefit from the Federal Government contributes to the reduction of abandoning studies, nevertheless influences the educational backwardness. Relating to family characteristics it was shown that the education level, skin color and race significantly influence the condition of the adolescents at school. It was also stated the negative and significant effect of family income in this two dependent variables. Concerning about the social and economic indicators level of the cities, it was found that these indicators affect the abandonment and educational backwardness, both in existing internal relations in a city, and from a significant neighborhood effect. In this case, adolescents are deciding to stay in school and dedicate oneself to studies through the observation to the reality in which one lives. Once the local reality suffers the effect of economic and social conditions, the final decision of adolescents and one s families is influenced by a set of economic and social factors related. The conclusion to these observations is that isolated policies are not successful through the adolescent s education level. Once there is the evidence of the individual and family characteristics importance, it is proposed the maintenance and improvement of social policies in the country that aims to improve the family income, as well as the educational conditions of mothers and heads of household. In addition to policies that improve economic and social conditions of the families it is of vital importance to create coordinated actions, which help to stimulate employment and economic activity, especially in the regions where the indicators were negative. / Para o Brasil atingir o ensino básico universal constitui-se em uma das principais metas para a área da educação, o que vem ao encontro de diversas pesquisas que comprovam a influência positiva do nível de escolaridade sobre o bem-estar econômico de um indivíduo. Diante disso, a presente tese propôs-se em analisar os determinantes do abandono e do atraso escolar, para os adolescentes com idade entre 14 e 17 anos, da região Sul do Brasil. Especificamente, buscou-se investigar a influência das características individuais e familiares, assim como das condições socioeconômicas do município, sobre a decisão em relação ao nível de escolaridade, das pessoas com idade ideal para cursar o ensino médio. Para tanto, aplicou-se um modelo logit hierárquico aos dados do Censo Demográfico 2010, em conjunto com outras informações sociais e econômicas que foram obtidas para a média dos municípios. A análise econométrica foi antecedida por uma Análise Estatística de Dados Espaciais (AEDE), como também por uma estatística descritiva para a evasão e o atraso escolar. Os principais resultados mostraram a importância das características individuais sobre a decisão educacional, sendo que: rapazes abandonam a escola e se atrasam nos estudos, mais que as garotas. O fato de estar trabalhando aumenta a probabilidade de abandono escolar, mas tem o efeito de reduzir o atraso escolar. O recebimento de benefício social do Governo Federal contribui com a redução do abandono escolar, mas influencia o atraso escolar no sentido de aumenta-lo. Sobre as características familiares demonstrou-se que, tanto a escolaridade, quanto a cor ou raça da mãe, influenciam significativamente na condição escolar dos adolescentes. Comprovou-se, também, o efeito negativo e significativo da renda familiar per capita sobre as duas variáveis dependentes. Sobre os indicadores sociais e econômicos em nível de município, comprovou-se que tais indicadores afetam o abandono e o atraso escolar, tanto nas relações internas existentes em um município, quanto a partir de um efeito vizinhança significativo. Neste caso, os adolescentes estão tomando a decisão de permanecer na escola e/ou dedicar-se nos estudos a partir da observação em relação à realidade na qual estão inseridos. Uma vez que a realidade local sofre o efeito das condições econômicas e sociais da região, a decisão final dos adolescentes e suas respectivas famílias sofre a influência de um conjunto de fatores econômicos e sociais encadeados entre si. A conclusão para este conjunto de constatações é de que políticas públicas isoladas não surtem o efeito desejado sobre o nível educacional dos adolescentes. Uma vez comprovada a importância das características individuais e familiares, propõe-se a manutenção e aprimoramento das políticas sociais já existentes no país, que tenham como objetivo a melhoria da renda familiar per capita, assim como das condições educacionais das mães e responsáveis pelas famílias. Além das políticas que melhoram as condições econômicas e sociais das famílias, é de fundamental importância um conjunto de ações coordenadas que contribuam para estimular o nível de emprego e a atividade econômica, de modo especial, nas regiões em que os indicadores se apresentaram negativos.