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Ghana, like many African countries, is plagued with unemployment, poverty and annual trade deficits. Unemployment and poverty have led to a socio-economic breakdown. They are believed to be among the causes that led to the 1994 Rwanda genocide. Despite the abundance of an unemployed labor force, Ghana continues to depend on imported equipment, costing $174 million annually for its earthmoving and construction activities. In 1986, the Government of Ghana, the World Bank, the International Labor Organization and the United Nations Development Program introduced labor-based road rehabilitation program in Ghana to help create more jobs and reduce the high unemployment and poverty incidence. The program has not been patronized due to the casual labor usage and labor organizational and management problems. This research formulates the Family-Based Labor Management (FBLM) concept (also referred to as the HPWT-FBLM concept) by incorporating High Performance Work Team (HPWT), the Ghana Family System, and Roles and Responsibilities Matrix (RRM) concepts to make the program more attractive to labor and management. The FBLM concept would equip local contractors with the managerial skills to increase average monthly production from 1.33km to between 4km and 6km gaining competitive advantage over the 3.07km monthly production of the equipment-intensive contractor. Since the HPWT-FBLM concept has not been used, the related concepts HPWT and RRM concepts are used to validate the newly formulated recruitment, training, work method, communication and reward strategies. When adopted, the HPWT-FBLM concept would annually invest 10% of the $174 million for five years and yield employment increase of 23,000-34,000 the first year, growing to a total of 116,000-170,000 in five years. This concept will help reduce import deficit, conserve foreign exchange, and develop a pool of skilled workers and managers in Ghana. It has the potential of boosting the Ghanaian manufacturing industry for making hand-tools in lieu of purchasing imported equipment. The HPWT-FBLM concept can be adopted by the agriculture and building construction and other industries in Ghana that use large supplies of unskilled and semi-skilled labor. / Ph. D.

Background: Theory and research declares that family memberes engagement in adolescent treatment has positive impact on treatment outcomes. To get the famillies engaged is quite challenging for proffesionals in addiction treatment services. Motivation of individual members fluctuate a lot. The impact on treatment is due to the voluntarity of treatment or recomendation of a third side. Even dough engagement of legal representatives is declared condition of treatment in Regional Ambulance for Adddictions in Children and Youth, it is complicated to motivate them for cooperation. Aims: The aim of the thesis is to find out how the legal representatives percieve cooperation with outpatient services, if they percieve any obstacles in getting more involved and to find out, what is their view on adolescent's profit from treatment. Methods: For the research a qualitative approach was used in the form of semi- structured interview and interpretation of the data from client files and UniData program. Data collection took work during 05/18-11/18. For the data analysis the method of gestalts was used. Results: Thesis has shown that the main motivational element was some crisis of legal representatives, when they didn't know how to solve demanding situation. The main obstacles are the technical ones like...

Estudos mostram que vivemos uma crise socioambiental sem precedentes. Apesar de ser considerada uma crise sistêmica, a agricultura convencional progride, constituindo uma das atividades que mais contribui para os impactos negativos tanto ambientais como sociais da atualidade. No mundo, as relações socioeconômicas estão estabelecidas segundo uma ordem de valores, na qual justificações mercantis e industriais possuem uma grande aceitação e legitimidade. A economia é considerada, para alguns autores, como o coração das ações humanas. No entanto, tal ordenamento fundado em justiça industrial-mercantil impacta negativamente diversas dimensões da vida em sociedade. Neste quadro, movimentos de contestação desta ordem emergem buscando legitimidade com vistas à profundas transformações sociais e ambientais. É assim que ocorre a multiplicação das CSAs (Comunidade que Sustenta a Agricultura), representando uma experiência inovadora de associativismo, aproximando consumidores e agricultores. Seu crescimento é exponencial no Brasil e no mundo. Trata-se de uma perspectiva de busca de uma nova estrutura de relação socioeconômica com a agricultura familiar, pautadas em princípios de um compromisso com a agroecologia, a solidariedade, a confiança mútua e a localidade. Nosso estudo aspira traçar seus potenciais e limitações em termos de aceitação social com o apoio de análises inspiradas na teoria das justificações, considerando a emergência de uma nova ordem de justiça, a justiça ecológica. / Studies show that we are experiencing an unprecedented socio-environmental crisis. Despite considered a systemic crisis, conventional agriculture is progressing, constituting one of the activities that contributes most to the negative environmental and social impacts in present time. In the world, socioeconomic relations are established according to an order of values, in which market and industrial justifications have great acceptance and legitimacy. The economy is considered, for some authors, as the heart of human actions. However, such an order based on industrial-mercantile justice impacts negatively various dimensions of life in society. In this context, movements contesting this order emerge seeking legitimacy towards profound social and environmental transformations. This is how CSAs (Community Supported Agriculture) multiply, representing an innovative experience of associativism, bringing together consumers and farmers. Its growth is exponential in Brazil and in the world. It seeks a new socioeconomic relationship structure, based on a commitment to an agroecological agriculture, solidarity, mutual trust and locality. Our study aspires to trace its potentials and limitations in terms of social acceptance with the support of analyzes inspired by the theory of justifications, considering the emergence of a new order of justice, the ecological justice.

Les études longitudinales sur une longue période permettent d’échantillonner plusieurs fois le phénomène étudié et ainsi, avec des mesures répétées, dégager une tendance confirmée. Mais, dès lors, elles produisent de très larges bases de données épidémiologiques accompagnées de plus de sources de bruit par rapport aux études à observation unique ; et souvent, contiennent de la corrélation dans les mesures. Ici, nous avons présenté à travers cette thèse une étude de long terme des facteurs épidémiologiques et génétiques du paludisme menée dans deux cohortes familiales du Sénégal, l’une dans le village de Dielmo suivi pendant 19 années consécutives (1990 – 2008) et l’autre dans le village de Ndiop suivi pendant 16 années consécutives (1993 – 2008). L’objectif de ce travail de thèse a été de développer des méthodes d’analyse statistique pour identifier des gênes de susceptibilité / résistance au paludisme prenant en compte les relations familiales, les mesures répétées et des potentielles interactions génotypes – environnement dans l’évaluation des phénotypes. Par la suite, de tels phénotypes corrigés des facteurs identifiés comme potentielles sources de confusion et/ou de bruit ont été alors utilisés pour les tests de liaison et d’association génétique. Le phénotype principal étudié chez chaque volontaire a été la survenue ou non d’accès palustre, attribué à une infection au parasite Plasmodium falciparum, durant chaque trimestre de présence (PFA). Les études ont été menées de manière indépendante dans chacun des deux villages, de même que les analyses descriptives, l’estimation de la contribution génétique humaine et des effets individuels. Les tests de liaison et d’association génétique ont été réalisés par des méthodes familiales basées sur l’analyse de la transmission d’allèles des parents aux enfants (Transmission Disequilibrium Test). Ces méthodes sont connues pour être robustes par rapport au problème de la stratification de population et donc nous permettent d’augmenter la taille de notre échantillon dans les études de liaison et d’association génétique en analysant les deux villages en même temps. / Long term longitudinal surveys have the advantage to enable several sampling of the studied phenomena and then, with the repeated measures obtained, find a confirmed tendency. However, these long term surveys generate large epidemiological datasets including more sources of noise than normal datasets (e.g. one single measure per observation unit) and potential correlation in the measured values. Here, we studied data from a long-term epidemiological and genetic survey of malaria disease in two family-based cohorts in Senegal, followed for 19 years (1990–2008) in Dielmo and for 16 years (1993–2008) in Ndiop. The main objectives of this work were to take into account familial relationships, repeated measures as well as effect of covariates to measure both environmental and host genetic (heritability) impacts on the outcome of infection with the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, and then use findings from such analyses for linkage and association studies. The outcome of interest was the occurrence of a P. falciparum malaria attack during each trimester (PFA). The two villages were studied independently; epidemiological analyses, estimation of heritability and individual effects were then performed in each village separately. Linkage and association analyses used family-based methods (based on the original Transmission Disequilibrium Test) known to be immune from population stratification problems. Then to increase sample size for linkage and association analyses, data from the two villages were used together.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:16:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008- Helcimar Barbosa Palhano.pdf: 2191510 bytes, checksum: 80bff123cfa243018188fa7c74fc5f5a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-24 / Under an epidemiological view and using a quantitative and qualitative methodology there were done 30 interviews with family-based farm system and other six with veterinarians that worked in the respective town. The present study aimed to analyzing the social representation of health-disease process, get the knowledge the sanitary and handling practices and the respective bioproductive indicators, as the participation of the veterinarian and the productive chains institutions envolved on this context. Some of data was filed in EPIINFO program, where was done the frequency analysis and the other part was filed in a Microsoft Word program witch was submitted to an analysis of the content. Another method of investigation used in this study was the e triangulation method. The health and disease of the cattle were more represented by antagonistic state and also associated to human health and disease. The sanitary and handling practices are based, mostly, on the vaccination against the foot-and-mouth disease, rabies and clostridiosis and on the control of endo and ectoparasites of empirical form, without orientation from the veterinarian. The veterinary assistance was characterized as emergencial clinical interventions that in the perception of the producers, match their demands. / Atrav?s de uma abordagem epidemiol?gica e emprego de metodologia quantitativa e qualitativa, foram realizadas 30 entrevistas com produtores familiares de leite do municio de Rio das Flores e seis com m?dicos veterin?rios atuantes no respectivo munic?pio. O presente estudo objetivou identificar as representa??es sociais dos produtores sobre o processo sa?de-doen?a em animais, conhecer as pr?ticas sanit?rias adotadas e os indicadores bioprodutivos de seus rebanhos, assim como, a participa??o do m?dico veterin?rio e das institui??es ligadas ? respectiva cadeia produtiva neste contexto. Dos dados obtidos, parte foi armazenada no programa EPIINFO, onde se procedeu a an?lise de freq??ncia, e outra armazenada em um banco de dados da Microsoft Word e submetida a analise de conte?do, tendo sido utilizado ainda o m?todo de triangula??o. A sa?de e doen?a nos bovinos foram representadas por estados antag?nicos e tamb?m associadas ? sa?de e doen?a humana. As pr?ticas sanit?rias e de manejo est?o baseadas, em sua maioria, na vacina??o contra a febre aftosa, raiva e clostridioses e no controle de endo e ectoparasitos de forma emp?rica, sem orienta??o por parte do m?dico veterin?rio. A assist?ncia veterin?ria foi caracterizada por interven??es cl?nicas emergenciais, que na percep??o dos produtores atende ?s suas demandas.

Sammanfattning I denna studie undersöker jag vilken syn biståndshandläggarna och enhetscheferna har på avlönad anhörigvård och hur denna anhöriganställning påverkar situationen för de anhöriga. Jag väljer i min studie att fokusera på konsekvenser av anhöriganställning för en person som vårdar sin anhörig och som ingår i begreppet invandrare. Jag har använt mig av en kvalitativ studie och har intervjuat fem myndighetspersoner i Uppsala. I studien reflekterar och analyserar jag myndighetspersonernas åsikter med utgångspunkt i det teoretiska perspektivet KASAM – Känsla Av SAMmanhang och Social utbytesteori. Resultaten visar på en utbredd negativ syn på anhöriganställning hos myndighetspersoner, detta grundar sig på deras mångåriga erfarenhet av anhöriganställning och de problem som anhöriga möter i dagligt arbete som till exempel tunga lyft, bundenhet, yrkets låga status, men mitt resultat visar också på den stora brist av information kring anhöriganställning som råder i Uppsala. Det framkommer även positiva sidor av anhöriganställning som till exempel lön, utökad social kontakt och utbildning. I studien efterfrågas behov av utveckling av anhöriganställning och att detta är nödvändigt för att få mer av de positiva effekterna inom yrket. / Abstract This study examines the vision I have on assisting managers and heads of paid careers and how paid dependent care within the family affects the situation of the relatives. In my study I choose to focus on the effects of paid dependent care within the family for a person who cherishes his relative and who is included in the concept of immigrants. I have used a qualitative study and interviewed five magistrates in Uppsala. In the study, I reflect and analyze public opinions on the basis of the theoretical perspective SOC (Sense of Coherence) and Social Exchange theory. The results point to a widespread negative perception of family based dependent care with government officials, this is based on their experience of family based dependent care and the problems families encounter in daily work such as heavy lifting, obligations, the low status, but my results also show the considerable lack of information surrounding the family based dependent care obtained in Uppsala. Positive sides of family based dependent care are also found in my study, for example, pay, enhanced social contact, and education. The study needs for the require development of dependent care within the family and that this is necessary in order to get more of the positive effects within the profession.

Eating disorders (ED) usually develop during adolescence, and intervention to stop further weight loss is believed to improve outcome and long-term prognosis. Adolescents with ED who do not receive effective treatment risk poor outcome and even untimely death as adults. The first aim of this thesis was to investigate long-term mortality and causes of death in a series of female adults with chronic ED. The second aim was to study the one-year outcome of an unselected series of adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa (AN) and “other restrictive eating disorders” who had been treated within a specialist ED out-patient service focused on nutritional rehabilitation based on family therapy and without planned hospitalization. The third aim was to investigate the possible metabolic and hormonal side effects of olanzapine when used as an adjunct to facilitate nutritional rehabilitation. The fourth aim was to investigate the relationship between polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) status and depression. In adult women with chronic ED, a very low body mass index and psychiatric co-morbidity confer a substantially increased risk of premature death. A treatment programme for adolescent ED with rapid access to assessment and prompt start of treatment with initial emphasis on nutritional rehabilitation proved efficient. The outcome was encouraging, as 43% of all patients with ED and 19% of those with AN did not have an ED at one-year follow-up. Of the remaining patients the vast majority had gained weight and regained menstruation, and were back in school on a full-time basis. Olanzapine was used to reduce anxiety, excessive exercise and rumination over weight and shape. Side effects were similar to those observed in normal-weight individuals, and do not preclude its use in underweight adolescents with ED. Low ω3 PUFA were associated with depression. The ω3 PUFA status improved during nutritional rehabilitation with ordinary foods and without supplementation. The investigations indicate that adolescent ED can be successfully treated in an out-/day-patient setting. An essential feature of the service is rapid handling and weight gain. Further weight loss can be avoided, and chronic disease hopefully prevented.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:50:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseWLL.pdf: 1443344 bytes, checksum: c7a60d454aff1d1a92e0c0f63c0688ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-06-17 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / This thesis proposes a learning and decision making tool in order to compensate deficiencies related to management activities performed by family farmers managers. The main objective of this thesis is to develop a model of integrated management for family based agriculture. The model integrates different management modules in one shared model. The theoretical structure that supported the research was Family Based Agriculture, Production Systems, Rural Management, Management Systemic Approach, Balanced Scorecard and System Dynamics. The research included an empirical research that supported the diagnostic about the level of management adopted by a group of family based farmers. Based on the diagnostic, it was possible to identify the most important variables in the management process of the rural business. The interdependency of the variables was drawn, resulting in the conceptual model for family based agriculture. Then, this model was translated into a mathematical (operational) language by the means of an adequate methodological tool, resulting in a management simulator. Since different approaches and management tools are included in the simulator, it can be useful for the decision making process regarding business process in family based proprieties. It can also be used by technical assistants, farmers' organization leaders and even financial agents in order to plan, guide and diffuse the business integrated management culture among the farmers and its importance for the satisfactory performance of the productive unit. / Buscando suprir deficiências em atividades de gestão por parte de administradores rurais familiares, essa tese propõe uma ferramenta de aprendizagem e auxílio à tomada de decisão. O objetivo foi desenvolver um modelo de gestão integrada para a agricultura familiar, que integra diferentes módulos de gestão em um único modelo compartilhado. Foram abordados os seguintes marcos teóricos e conceituais: Agricultura Familiar, Sistemas de Produção, Administração Rural, Abordagem Sistêmica da Administração, Balanced Scorecard e Dinâmica de Sistemas. Este trabalho contou com uma pesquisa empírica, que subsidiou a elaboração de um diagnóstico sobre o nível de gestão de um grupo de agricultores familiares. A partir deste diagnóstico, foi possível identificar as variáveis mais relevantes do processo de gestão destes empreendimentos. A interdependência destas variáveis foi, então, desenhada, constituindo-se no modelo conceitual de gestão integrada para a agricultura familiar. Em seguida, tal modelo foi traduzido para uma linguagem matemática (operacional) através de uma ferramenta metodológica adequada, transformando-se em um simulador gerencial. A partir das diversas abordagens e ferramentas de gestão, esse simulador poderá auxiliar o usuário a tomar decisões acerca dos processos de negócio da sua propriedade. Também permitirá à assistência técnica (extensionistas), aos dirigentes de organizações de produtores, e mesmo aos agentes financeiros, planejar, orientar e difundir junto aos produtores uma cultura de gestão integrada da propriedade, e a importância da mesma para o bom desempenho da unidade de produção.