Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:17:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Utilizacao dos paradigmas de drash e tuddor.pdf: 1344681 bytes, checksum: 1b328016d836b2dec96f74fa7f76026c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-10-10 / Verbal behavior is operant behavior and therefore is ruled by the laws of reinforcement. Reinforcement contingencies may yield suppression or low frequency of verbal responses. The purpose of this work was: to formulate hypothesis of possible contingencies of reinforcement that could suppress or lower the frequency of verbal responses; to observe family interactions and identify the contingencies that could lower the frequency of verbal responses and raise the frequency of inappropriate behavior; to develop procedures of intervention through parents counseling and to verify possible changes in the frequency of verbal responses emitted by a 5 year-old child. In order to accomplish this purpose, an interview to assess the history of the child and of the parents complaint was carried out; one hour observation sessions in the child s home were done for 7 months; and, at the end of each observation session, parents counseling took place. The purpose of parents counseling was to instruct them to differentially reinforce alternative responses, teach naming, reinforce vocal mands, consequence the emission of verbal responses, alter the frequency of watching TV and playing video game, and perform extinction for inappropriate behavior. The interaction of family members were transcribed and categorized. The results show that the child was exposed to unfavorable contingencies in the beginning of the experiment and in his/her previous life, which had yield suppression and/or low frequency of verbal responses. The instructions given by the researcher seem to have produced changes in the parents behavior and, consequently, in the child s behavior, leading to an increased frequency of verbal responses and a decreased frequency of inappropriate behavior. In addition, the data show that changes in the interactions of all members of the family happened, confirming that verbal behavior is shaped and maintained by reinforcement contingencies. / Comportamento verbal é comportamento operante, sujeito à leis de reforçamento. Contingências de reforçamento podem produzir supressão ou baixa freqüência de emissão de respostas verbais. O objetivo desse trabalho foi: levantar hipóteses de possíveis contingências de reforçamento que pudessem provocar supressão e/ou baixa freqüência na emissão respostas verbais; observar interações familiares e identificar contingências que pudessem diminuir ou aumentar a freqüência de emissão de respostas verbais e comportamentos inadequados,; e, desenvolver procedimentos de intervenção através de orientações aos pais e verificar possíveis mudanças na freqüência de emissão de respostas verbais de uma criança de cinco anos. Para isso, foram feitas: entrevista para levantamento da história de vida da criança e da queixa; observações semanais de uma hora na residência da criança por um período de sete meses; e, orientações aos pais ao final de cada sessão de observação para que usassem procedimentos tais reforçamento diferencial de respostas alternativas, ensino de nomeação, reforçamento de mandos vocais, consequenciação de emissão de resposta verbal, alteração na freqüência de assistir TV e jogar vídeo-game e extinção para comportamentos inadequados. As interações entre os membros da família foram transcritas e categorizadas. Os resultados mostram que a criança em sua história de reforçamento e no início do experimento, foi exposta a contingências desfavoráveis ao desenvolvimento de respostas verbais, o que produziu supressão e/ou baixa freqüência de emissão de respostas verbais. As orientações emitidas pela pesquisadora parecem ter produzido mudanças nos comportamentos dos pais e conseqüentemente, nos comportamentos da criança, provocando aumento e diminuição na freqüência de emissão de verbalizações e comportamentos inadequados, respectivamente. Além disso, os dados mostram que ocorreram mudanças na interação de todos os membros da família, confirmando que comportamento verbal é modelado e mantido pelas contingências.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, and San Diego State University, 2004. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 55-68).

This study aims to show that the adoption of the cybernetic perspective is appropriate in dealing with relationship problems of interacting and communicating individuals since it authenticates the inclusion of the therapist in the therapeutic system, and thus the creation of a reality by all involved, and not just the therapist alone. The constructivist view of the world and the systemic theoretical assumptions are recognized as the required framework for the adopted cybernetic approach. The consideration of the stability/change nature of change is acknowledged as forming the most essential aspects of the change that system require. Thus addressing both stability of what clients need to maintain of themselves, as well as what they want to change is important. The action research methodology used in this research ensured a focus on the actions of the therapist/social worker while facilitating a therapeutic process with a family. Therefore attention could be given to areas requiring change through the planning, acting and reflecting steps throughout the process. / Social Work / M.A. (Social Science (Mental Health))

Text in English / In this study the use of the narrative analogy in couple's counselling has been outlined. A literature study situates the narrative analogy within a wider philosophical framework. The underlying assumptions of the narrative analogy, both in general and in the work with couples, as well as the role of the counsellor using the narrative analogy, are explored. A case example is described to illustrate the use of the narrative analogy. / Social Work / M. Soc. Sc. (Mental Health)

Stepfamilies are shown by existing research as having multiple problems unique to this type of family, some of which include role ambiguity, role strain, role captivity, increased stress and adjustment problems in children. Stepparents are portrayed as evil, abusive and wicked in the media, literature or film, while stepchildren are variously portrayed as victims, naughty and manipulative. These popular perceptions of stepfamilies appear to be shaped by myths or dominant narratives which serve to shape stepfamily member's experience of and roles in the reconstituted family. Drawing on the work of postmodernism, social constructionism and the narrative theorists this study will expose those dominant narrative or myths which shape the experience of two stepfamilies. Using an emergent design, the experiences of these two families is described in an attempt to highlight some of the implications such an approach holds for both further research and psychotherapy. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

The purpose of this study was to examine and identify the current availability, utilization, and perceived benefits of treatment services for secondary victims (i.e. family members/significant others of sexual assault victims).

No description available.

Text in Afrikaans / The aim of the study is to describe the ecology of ideas in a family after the traumatic experience of a child. The focus is on developing a new context through which set meanings can expand. Therapeutic conversations and flexible hypnotic techniques, as part of a co-constructured process, are the "instruments" through which new ideas can be formed. The epistemological and theoretical framework of the study is postmodern, social constructionist ideas. Modernistic explanations are provided to fit in with the postmodern "both/and" focus of the study. A social constructionist position implies that the focus is placed on the multiple trauma perceptions of the family and social-cultural domain. Symptoms are viewed as part of the meaning systems in the family. The interconnection between dominant and non-dominant trauma stories is explained. Themes and relationship patterns are exposed and described according to the researcher's own epistemology, reflections and interpretations of the literature. / Clinical Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)

Text in Afrikaans / Globally divorce is an increasing phenomenon. If not handled correctly it may be significantly destructive for the people involved. The new Children’s Act, Act 38 of 2005 regards the best interests of the child paramount in all matters concerning the care, protection and well-being of a child. It underpins the importance of the full, or specific parental responsibilities of parents, the importance of a conciliatory and non-confrontational approach to the settlement of child-centred disputes. It also mandates that the child has the right to participate in an appropriate way in any matter concerning that child and that his views must be given due consideration. Further Act 38 of 2005, provides for parenting plans to be agreed upon determining the exercise of their respective responsibilities and rights. The goal of this research was to explore, develop and implement a process of family mediation with reference to Act 38 of 2005. Five families affected by divorce and their children were selected as case studies for qualitative research. Applied research was done within the context of intervention research and the first four phases of Rothman and Thomas’ Intervention Research model was used. Problems caused by divorce were identified and the goal was to address the best interests of the child by improving the co-parenting relationship, parent-child relationships and the quality of parenting. Information gathering and synthesis took place by using existing information sources, studying natural examples and identifying functional elements of successful models.An observational system was designed. It included the natural observing of the five case studies, specific procedural elements and intervention. The design criteria were applied to the preliminary intervention concept. / Social Work / D.Diac. (Spelterapie-Rigting)

How African individuals perceive the family life cycle, is the topic of this research. This qualitative study was facilitated with two individuals. Constructivism was used to explore how individuals create their reality. The Person-Centred Approach was studied to understand the importance of the Self- concept in the individual, and the role played by perceptions created in an ever-changing environment. Systems theory helped understand the interaction of family members as a system (family), especially the creation of stability after a state of disequilibrium – in this case, transitions between stages of the life cycle. Only with one respondent were some differences identified compared to the Western view of the life cycle. It was thus concluded that the family life cycle can be used as a guideline during therapy, regarding difficult transitions people (including African people) have to make, for therapists working from both the Person-Centred Approach and the systems perspective. / Social Work / (M.A. (Social Work (Mental Health))