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In Peninsular Malaysia there is a stock of public sector housing for the low income group popularly known as low cost housing units which have been built over the last three decades. It is common for the owners-occu piers, through their own initiatives and efforts, to alter or to extend these houses so as to improve their housing conditions and at the same time to meet the developing needs of the households. This research aims to identify explanations for the phenomenon of owner-initiated transformation of public sector low cost housing particularly in the urban communities of Malaysia. It seeks to further knowledge on transformation from the owners-occupiers point of view, which expresses the need to be realistic of what they can afford when carrying out the transformations. This transformation activity has been slowly recognised as a form of housing supply for low income households and their tenants. Owner-occupiers exhibit a wide range of characteristics and motives for transforming these low cost houses. They may be grouped into two broad categories, that is, those primarily seeking to have an extra space for the household and those more concerned with the house as an economic investment. Transformation is generally carried out to at least the standard of the original dwelling. Where there is plenty of extra space available, the scale and cost of transformation is quite extensive. There are lessons to be learnt from looking at the characteristics of the transformed housing estates. Professionals and other actors in the housing field should acknowledge that, whatever planning provisions and housing designs are laid out by the authority, public sector housing for the low income group will inevitably and continuously undergo a process of transformation with or without government financial backing in order to meet the households' developing needs. This gradual shelter improvement among the low income households in the urban communities of developing countries contributes to the improvement of housing quality and increases the existing national housing stock.

The purpose of this study was to develop and content validate a Performance Rating Scale and Interview Protocol, enabling study of the social role performance of adult daughters and sons as they fulfill the societal norms and expectations of adult children. This exploratory investigation was one of 13 contemporary adult social roles completed by the University of South Florida Social Roles Research Group to update research of Havighurst in the 1950s. The Daughter/Son Performance Rating Scale and Interview Protocol were created through a series of panel reviews and suggestions by experts drawn from adult education, human development, gerontology, and educational measurement and research. A review of the literature identified the initial performance descriptors; ultimately, four strands were identified for inclusion in the study: Involvement, Perception/Attitude, Activities, and Role Improvement. Questions were developed and reviewed by experts again for their relevance to the performance being measured and their clarity; this created the basis for the Interview Protocol. The resulting instruments were administered to a quota sample of 150 respondents qualified for inclusion by age, gender, socioeconomic status, and racial/ethnicity characteristics. The results were placed in the cells of a 5x3x2 grid reflecting five socioeconomic levels, three age groups, and two genders, with inclusion of minority race/ethnicity participants added throughout the cells. Main effects for each of the primary variables were tested, with only gender showing significance, with daughters performing at a higher level than sons. Other demographic characteristics of respondents and their parents were studied for association with role performance. Distance between the Daughter/Son and the parent with whom she/he is most involved and the Daughter/Son's involvement in parents' decision-making were significant. The closer the proximity, the higher the performance rating; the greater the involvement in the parent's decision-making, the higher the performance rating. Recommendations for further study include a larger population sample study covering a wider geographic range than this study, additional study of demographic characteristics that influence adult Daughter/Son role performance, study of minority differences, and study of the role performance for the younger age level.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The family life cycle perspective (McGoldrick & Carter, 2003) recognises that one normative life stressor for families is the transition to parenthood. Still, the Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment and Adaptation (McCubbin & McCubbin, 1996) holds that one protective resource that could help the family in the face of a stressor is family routines. Even though the Ecological-cultural Niche Model (Gallimore, Goldenberg & Weisner, 1993) gives us some understanding of the family routine as a psychological construct, many gaps exist in the literature. The aim of this qualitative grounded theory study was to better understand family routines as a resilience resource during the transition to parenthood. This aim was broken down into five research questions: (1) What do daily routines look like in the lives of firsttime parents? (2) Why are these family routines important to first-time parents? (3) What challenges do first-time parents face in sustaining their daily routines? (4) What assists firsttime parents in maintaining their daily routines? (5) What accommodations do first-time parents make to adapt to the arrival of their first child? In terms of methodology, ten Coloured couples whose first child was between one and four years of age and who resided in one northern suburb of Cape Town took part in semi-structured interviews. In terms of research question one, the data analysis revealed that family routines look like a sequence of unfolding activities and that this sequence is situated within a temporal structure; that the specific sequence and temporal structure are designed by the family to be functional; but that there also is temporal incongruence in the sequence of routines. Related to question two, the participants felt that their routines were important because a family routine is an opportunity to spend time together, and it is an opportunity for improving child development. For question three, the data analysis revealed that the challenges first-time parents face in sustaining their routines are extra-familial and intra-familial barriers that increase the task and temporal complexity of routines. The analysis of question four revealed that what assists parents in maintaining routines are extra-familial and intra-familial resources that decrease the task and temporal complexity of routines. Lastly, themes related to research question five showed that the accommodations that parents make in routines that help them adapt are temporal accommodations and idiosyncratic accommodations. In future, researchers and theorists should not only investigate an individual family routine in isolation (e.g. just dinnertime or just bedtime), but also look at the structure of the entire daily schedule, the scheduling process, and how the functionality of this daily schedule affects the experience of individual routines. Greater emphasis should also be placed on diverse samples from many ecological and cultural contexts in order to identify more extra-familial and intra-familial barriers and resources that affect the maintenance of a satisfying daily schedule. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die gesinslewensiklusraamwerk (McGoldrick & Carter, 2003) beklemtoon dat een normatiewe lewenstressor vir gesinne die oorgang na ouerskap is. Tog dui die Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment and Adaptation (McCubbin & McCubbin, 1996) aan dat gesinsroetines een bron van beskerming is wat die gesin tydens ’n groot lewensstressor kan help. Al bied die Ekologies-kulturele Nismodel (Gallimore, Goldenberg & Weisner, 1993) ons ’n sekere mate van begrip van gesinsroetine as ‘n sielkundige konstruk, is daar steeds leemtes in die literatuur. Die doel van hierdie kwalitatiewe gegronde-teorie navorsing was om beter begrip te ontwikkel van gesinsroetines as ’n veerkragtigheidsfaktor tydens die oorgang na ouerskap. Hierdie doel is in vyf navorsingsvrae verdeel: (1) Hoe lyk daaglikse gesinsroetines in die lewens van nuwe ouers? (2) Hoekom is hierdie gesinsroetines belangrik vir nuwe ouers? (3) Watter uitdagings staar nuwe ouers in die gesig wanneer hulle daaglikse roetines probeer volhou? (4) Wat help nuwe ouers om met hul daaglikse roetines vol te hou? en (5) Watter akkommodasies maak nuwe ouers om aan te pas by die koms van hul eerste kind? Wat metodologie betref het tien bruin ouerpare wat se eerste kind tussen die ouderdom van een en vier jaar was en wat in ’n noordelike voorstad van Kaapstad woon aan semigestruktureerde onderhoude deelgeneem. Wat die eerste navorsingsvraag betref, het die dataontleding onthul dat gesinsroetines ’n reeks opeenvolgende aktiwiteite is wat een na die ander ontvou. Hierdie reeks van roetines is geleë binne ’n tydsraamwerk; dit word deur die gesin ontwerp om funksioneel te wees; maar daar bestaan ook tyd-inkongruensies in die reeks roetines. In verband met vraag twee het die deelnemers gevoel roetines is belangrik omdat dit hulle die geleentheid bied om tyd saam deur te bring en dit verskaf ook ’n geleentheid om die ontwikkeling van die kind te bevorder. Op grond van die derde navorsingsvraag het die dataontleding getoon dat die uitdagings wat nuwe ouers in die gesig staar wanneer hulle probeer om hulle gesinsroetines te volhou, buite-gesins en binne-gesins hindernisse is wat take bemoeilik en tyd-kompleksiteit verhoog. Ontledings na aanleiding van vraag vier het getoon dat dit buite-gesins en binne-gesins bronne is wat help om take makliker te maak en tydskompleksiteid te verminder sodat nuwe ouers met roetines kan volhou. Laastens, temas wat na vore gekom het na aanleiding van die vyfde navorsingsvraag toon dat dit tyd- en idiosinkratiese akkommodasies is wat ouers help om aan te pas. In die toekoms moet navorsers en teoretici nie net ‘n individuele gesinsroetine in isolasie bestudeer nie (bv. net ’n aandete-roetine of net ’n slapenstyd-roetine), maar ook kyk na die struktuur van die hele daaglikse skedule, skeduleringsprosesse, en hoe die funksionaliteit van hierdie daaglikse skedule die ervaring van individuele roetines beïnvloed. Meer klem moet ook geplaas word op steekproewe vanuit ekologies en kultureel diverse kontekste ten einde meer buite-gesins en binne-gesins hindernisse en bronne wat die instandhouding van bevredigende skedules beïnvloed, te identifiseer. Kernwoorde: gesinsroetines, oorgang na ouerskap, gesinsveerkragtigheid, gesinslewenssiklus, Ekologies-kulturele nis.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:39:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Anaclara Miranda Rodrigues.pdf: 2241186 bytes, checksum: 058576bda25dbab5521ec2800098fc46 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-17 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This work proposes to bring awareness about the family s life cycle to the population that lives in the region of Rondonopolis, Mato Grosso. Considering that Brazil is a a continent-sized territory with diverse cultural influences, we must coin the term Brazilian Families . Based on a systemic theory, we established the Family as a system, in constant motion between influencing and being influenced by the context in which it is inserted. Therefore, this is a descriptive research, which the objective of characterizing the life cycle of the Rondopolitan family, describing its structure, dynamics and values. The population in the study consisted of 189 middle class families from the aforementioned region. After data collection, these were plugged into a spreadsheet application, using as criterium for analysis the frequency of received answers. The research showed a strong feature of the contemporay Rondopolitan Family that, despite its contemporariety, is still attached to traditional values. We noticed that the Rondopolitan Family rates the quality of the relationship between its members as very satisfactory and the concern with education and the future of the young members is still their major challenge to overcome. We can identify a dynamics based on companionship and dialogue, based on the way that couples evaluate their marriage, the decision making process in the household or how education is enforced. We hope that this knowledge proves useful and strengthens the work of psychologists and all other directly-related professional in the region / A proposta deste trabalho foi ampliar o conhecimento sobre o ciclo vital da família para a realidade da população que vive na região de Rondonópolis MT. Considerando o Brasil um país continental e com diversas influências culturais, precisamos falar em famílias brasileiras. Baseando-nos em uma teoria sistêmica, concebemos a família como um sistema próprio, em constante movimento entre o influenciar e o ser influenciada pelo contexto em que está inserida. Assim, trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, com objetivo de caracterizar o ciclo vital da família rondonopolitana, descrevendo a estrutura, dinâmica e valores familiares. A população estudada foi constituída de 189 famílias de classe-média residentes em Rondonópolis. Após a coleta de dados, realizamos a tabulação de dados no software Excel, utilizando como critério de análise a frequência das respostas obtidas. A pesquisa revelou uma característica forte da família rondonopolitana atual que, apesar da contemporaneidade, ainda está fixada sobre preceitos da tradição familiar. Observamos que a família rondonopolitana avalia a qualidade da relação entre os membros de forma bastante satisfatória e que a preocupação com o estudo e o futuro dos filhos continua sendo o maior desafio da família. Nota-se a presença de práticas apoiadas no companheirismo e no diálogo, baseando-se pela forma como os casais avaliam seu próprio casamento, como tomam as decisões dentro de casa ou como regem as práticas de educação. Esperamos que o conhecimento construído fortaleça o trabalho de psicólogos e todos os profissionais que lidam com as famílias da região

The purpose of this study was to determine the travel behaviour of tourists to a ATKV resort, more specifically ATKV-Natalia. Numerous studies on travel behaviour has been done, but none of them indicated that it was focused on ATKV resorts. Travel behvaiour is concerned with the way in which tourists react towards specific inherent aspects. There are various internal and external factors which influence and determine travel behaviour. Travel motivations and reasons for travel are two of the most important factors influencing travel behaviour. Travel motivations can be defined as internal forces influencing a tourist and reasons for travel can be conceptualised as external forces influencing a tourist to travel. Another important factor influencing travel behaviour is the stage of the family life cycle in which the tourist finds him- or herself. Every stage has its own certain needs and wants. Thus, every stage implies different needs and wants in terms of traveling. The information of this study was gathered by means of a questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed at ATKV-Natalia Resort during the weekend of 17-19 July 2009, by two. fieldworkers. A total of 159 questionnaires were distributed (one per family). Another 150 questionnaires were distributed by means of email. Respondents were identified by the existing database of ATKV which indicated the tourists who visited the resort during the 2009 December school holidays. Statistical analysis of the data was used to determine the findings of this study. For the first article, factor analyses were done in order to determine the travel motivations and reasons for travel of tourists to ATKV-Natalia. Correlation analysis was also done. in order to determine the correlations which exist between travel motivations and reasons for travel. In the second article, only the data of the respondents who indicated that they were married were used for statistical analysis. Cross tabulations were done in order to determine the most important similarities and differences which exist between tourists married with children and tourists married without children. / Thesis (M.Com. (Tourism))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010

The purpose of this study was to determine the travel behaviour of tourists to a ATKV resort, more specifically ATKV-Natalia. Numerous studies on travel behaviour has been done, but none of them indicated that it was focused on ATKV resorts. Travel behvaiour is concerned with the way in which tourists react towards specific inherent aspects. There are various internal and external factors which influence and determine travel behaviour. Travel motivations and reasons for travel are two of the most important factors influencing travel behaviour. Travel motivations can be defined as internal forces influencing a tourist and reasons for travel can be conceptualised as external forces influencing a tourist to travel. Another important factor influencing travel behaviour is the stage of the family life cycle in which the tourist finds him- or herself. Every stage has its own certain needs and wants. Thus, every stage implies different needs and wants in terms of traveling. The information of this study was gathered by means of a questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed at ATKV-Natalia Resort during the weekend of 17-19 July 2009, by two. fieldworkers. A total of 159 questionnaires were distributed (one per family). Another 150 questionnaires were distributed by means of email. Respondents were identified by the existing database of ATKV which indicated the tourists who visited the resort during the 2009 December school holidays. Statistical analysis of the data was used to determine the findings of this study. For the first article, factor analyses were done in order to determine the travel motivations and reasons for travel of tourists to ATKV-Natalia. Correlation analysis was also done. in order to determine the correlations which exist between travel motivations and reasons for travel. In the second article, only the data of the respondents who indicated that they were married were used for statistical analysis. Cross tabulations were done in order to determine the most important similarities and differences which exist between tourists married with children and tourists married without children. / Thesis (M.Com. (Tourism))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:38:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elana Costa Ramiro.pdf: 1197372 bytes, checksum: 2f8093e0539162f4155c883e979d7ca5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-08 / The objective of this research was to understand the process of the construction of the conjugal relationship from the sharing of intergenerational stories of a couple while preparing for marriage. In order to contextualize this study, a brief historical description of dating within the Brazilian context was presented; from the colonial period in Brazil to the current days including a discussion of the main tasks undertaken since the formation of the couple up to the of the first stage of the family life cycle and yet a presentation of what the family within an intergenerational perspective consists of. This was a qualitative research with an instrumental case outline. An engaged couple from the researcher's network of contacts was appointed and three meetings were conducted with the purpose of investigating the intergenerational stories and how this knowledge could be used in the construction process of conjugal relationship. In the meetings the instruments used were the semi-structured interviews and the genogram. This study highlighted the fact that the sharing of intergenerational stories during the marriage preparation period is essential in the process of building the conjugal relationship. The sooner the couple goes through this process; it will take more time to mature conjugal project. This study also paves the way for preventive work with couples and families in clinics, institutions and communities / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi compreender o processo da construção da conjugalidade a partir do compartilhamento das histórias intergeracionais de um casal em fase de preparação para o casamento. Como forma de contextualização este estudo apresentou uma breve descrição histórica do namoro no Brasil desde o período colonial até os dias atuais; uma discussão a respeito das principais tarefas desenvolvidas desde a formação do casal até o final da primeira fase do ciclo de vida familiar e ainda uma apresentação do que é a família dentro de uma perspectiva sistêmica intergeracional. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa com delineamento em estudo de caso instrumental. Foi escolhido um casal de noivos por indicação da rede de contatos da pesquisadora. Foram realizados três encontros com o objetivo de conhecer as histórias intergeracionais e de que maneira este conhecimento poderia ser usado no processo de construção da conjugalidade. Nos encontros foram utilizados como instrumentos a entrevista semiestruturada e o genograma. Este estudo evidenciou o fato de que o compartilhamento das histórias intergeracionais durante o período de preparação para o casamento é fundamental no processo de construção da conjugalidade. O quanto antes o casal passar por este processo, mais tempo ele terá para amadurecer o projeto conjugal. Este estudo também constrói um caminho para o trabalho preventivo com casais e famílias que pode ser estendido aos consultórios, instituições e comunidades

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:51:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 155026.pdf.jpg: 20452 bytes, checksum: 6e0b31deb314dc12175822188fbd7138 (MD5) 155026.pdf: 603312 bytes, checksum: 0e7653a31a40c6138573c584aa65a342 (MD5) 155026.pdf.txt: 279791 bytes, checksum: fb4e963c2f8ef3550ac3e58d7dcc4d0c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-16T00:00:00Z / O mundo do trabalho vem passando por alterações substanciais, notadamente em função do desenvolvimento da tecnologia, e, historicamente, a humanidade vem percebendo a redução da jornada de trabalho e o conseqüente aumento do tempo disponível. Nesse contexto, um importante campo de estudo é o lazer. No Brasil, ainda são relativamente poucos os estudos voltados a essa temática, o que oferece oportunidades de pesquisa, em especial aquelas voltadas ao entendimento dos fatores que influenciam o comportamento dos indivíduos em relação ao lazer. Um dos elementos principais na formação desse comportamento é o ciclo de vida familiar, que retrata os principais momentos da vida de um indivíduo, notadamente em relação à sua idade, sua situação familiar e sua condição laboral. No que se refere a lazer, um dos estágios do ciclo de vida familiar que parece representar uma forte ruptura de comportamento é o chamado Ninho Cheio I, quando o casal entra na paternidade. O presente trabalho objetiva compreender de que maneira o comportamento de lazer nesse estágio difere-se em relação ao estágio imediatamente anterior, bem como entender qual o significado de lazer para os indivíduos que se encontram nesse estágio. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo, exploratória, de caráter qualitativo, com uma amostra de 15 indivíduos casados com filhos pequenos e 4 casados mas sem filhos, todos ex-alunos de curso de Administração da Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo da Fundação Getúlio Vargas (EAESP-FGV). Os resultados indicam que o ciclo de vida familiar representa, sim, um importante fator de formação do comportamento dos indivíduos em relação ao lazer. Para os indivíduos casados e com filhos pequenos, o lazer é, predominantemente, complementar, ou seja, constrangido pelos papéis de pai e mãe. Em comparação ao estágio anterior, há uma forte limitação das atividades externas e reforço das domiciliares. Além disso, há evidências de que a idade do filho exerce influência sobre o comportamento dos pais. Percebe-se que parte do lazer envolve o consumo de bens e serviços culturais ou de entretenimento e parte remete a praticas tradicionais como encontros dominicais familiares. / The world of work has been deeply changing, mostly due to the development of the new technologies. This has entailed a reduction of the working hours for many people with a consequent increase of free time. In this context, leisure has emerged as an important field for study. In Brazil, there are few studies directed to this area. There are many lacunae which open research opportunities, particularly those focused on consumer behavior in leisure. One of the main elements that seem to shape leisure practices is the family life-cycle, a it portraits the main moments of a person’s life in relation of age, family roles and working condition. As for leisure, one of the stages of the family life- cycle that seems to promote a strong rupture in behavior habits is called Full Nest. It refers to the period when couples enter parenthood. The objective of the present work is to understand 1- if and how the leisure practices in this stage are different of the immediately previous life cycle stage ones ; 2- what is the meaning of leisure for the person that is in the stage of Full Nest. For this purpose, a qualitative exploratory field research was carried out, with depth interviews applied to a sample of 15 married people with small children and 4 married people with no children, all of them alumni of a top Management School of Brazil ( Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo of Fundação Getúlio Vargas) belonging to he upper middle-class. The results indicate that the family life cycle represents an important factor to form the person’s leisure practices. For the married people with small children, the leisure was, predominantly, constrained by parenthood. In relation of the previous stage, there was a strong limitation of external activities and a reinforcement of the indoor ones. Results also suggest that the age of the children influences the parents leisure choices (the younger the child, the more restricted the activities). It was also noticed that leisure activities involve the consumption of cultural or entertainment products and services.as well as a return to traditional practices as Sunday family meetings.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:51:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 61060100582.pdf.jpg: 12843 bytes, checksum: 57a89f78a8d432a5af329161237a0a3b (MD5) 61060100582.pdf: 2024054 bytes, checksum: 39456e28e5d071fc28ae10af9d3c4a47 (MD5) 61060100582.pdf.txt: 219723 bytes, checksum: 57e9a07791a1383e8b627f57066829f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-12T00:00:00Z / O consumo de experiências hedônicas é uma das principais manifestações da contemporânea Sociedade de Consumo. Esta modalidade de consumo mostra-se peculiar principalmente em função de sua alta carga de motivação emocional e de sua natureza imaterial. O estudo acadêmico do fenômeno, apesar de ter evoluído significativamente nas últimas duas décadas, ainda carece de maiores conhecimentos no contexto domiciliar. O presente estudo procurou justamente contribuir para a teoria ao explorar o consumo de experiências hedônicas no domicílio, privilegiando uma abordagem que contemple momentos distintos do ciclo de vida familiar. / The consumption of hedonic experiences is one of the main characteristics of the Contemporary Consumption Society. This is a unique phenomenon due to its high emotional motivation and its immaterial nature. The academic theory of the phenomenon, despite its significant evolution in the past two decades, has a knowledge gap in one important context: the household. The purpose of this study is to give a contribution in this sense, exploring the consumption of hedonic experiences inside household and offering a better comprehension of its manifestation in different moments of the family life cycle.